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Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2009 03:09:24 +0200
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From: Molobo Molobo <molobus@gmail.com>
To: Wikipedia statistics <folks@wikipedometer.net>
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	Content preview:  Thank you, be my guest to post it. 2009/8/27 piotr
	micula <basiaipiotr@yahoo.com> > I can do it, let me know. Great work
	Molobo! > > Tymek > > --- On *Wed, 8/26/09, Jack <jacurek@yahoo.com>*
	wrote: > > > From: Jack <jacurek@yahoo.com> > Subject: Re: [WPM]
	Theodore Oberlander article complete > To: "Wikipedia statistics"
	<folks@wikipedometer.net> > Date: Wednesday, August 26, 2009, 5:22 PM >
	> > Looks great ! Who is going to post it ? Jacek > > --- On *Wed,
	8/26/09, Molobo Molobo <molobus@gmail.com>* wrote: > > > From: Molobo
	Molobo <molobus@gmail.com> > Subject: Re: [WPM] Theodore Oberlander
	article complete > To: "Wikipedia statistics" <folks@wikipedometer.net>
	> Date: Wednesday, August 26, 2009, 12:26 PM > > [[Image:Theodor
	Oberländer.gif|thumb]] > > '''Theodor Oberländer''' ([[May 1]], [[1905]]
	&ndash; [[May 4]], [[1998]]) > was a [[Ostforschung|Ostforschung
	scientist]], [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] > officer, and [[Germany|German]]
	[[politician]]. > > > > From 1953 to 1960 he was a Minister for
	Displaced Persons, Refugees and > Victims of War for the [[Federal
	Republic of Germany]]. He is considered by > some historians to be among
	the academics who laid the intellectual > foundation for [[Final
	Solution]]<ref name="Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German > memory: history,
	television, and politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner > Ohio
	University Press; 2006 page 222-224 </ref>. > > > > == Biography == > >
	==Membership in Nazi party and Ostforschung studies== > > > > Oberländer
	was born in [[Meiningen]], [[Saxe-Meiningen]], part of the > [[German
	Empire]] in 1905. At the ege of eighteen he participated in [[Adolf >
	Hitler]]'s [[Beer Hall Putsch]] in [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], in 1923
	during > the existance of [[Weimar Republic]]. After joining Nazis in
	1933 he became > a senior SA commander and leader of NSDAP district<ref
	> name="Schwarz">"Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in
	a > Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction : The Statesman :
	1952-1967", > Hans Peter-Schwarz pages 91, 432, Berghahn Books 1997
	</ref>. Oberländer > obtained a doctorate in [[Agricultural Science]]s
	and [...] 
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Subject: Re: [WPM] Theodore Oberlander article complete
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	Content preview:  Thank you, be my guest to post it. 2009/8/27 piotr
	micula <basiaipiotr@yahoo.com> > I can do it, let me know. Great work
	Molobo! > > Tymek > > --- On *Wed, 8/26/09, Jack <jacurek@yahoo.com>*
	wrote: > > > From: Jack <jacurek@yahoo.com> > Subject: Re: [WPM]
	Theodore Oberlander article complete > To: "Wikipedia statistics"
	<folks@wikipedometer.net> > Date: Wednesday, August 26, 2009, 5:22 PM >
	> > Looks great ! Who is going to post it ? Jacek > > --- On *Wed,
	8/26/09, Molobo Molobo <molobus@gmail.com>* wrote: > > > From: Molobo
	Molobo <molobus@gmail.com> > Subject: Re: [WPM] Theodore Oberlander
	article complete > To: "Wikipedia statistics" <folks@wikipedometer.net>
	> Date: Wednesday, August 26, 2009, 12:26 PM > > [[Image:Theodor
	Oberländer.gif|thumb]] > > '''Theodor Oberländer''' ([[May 1]], [[1905]]
	&ndash; [[May 4]], [[1998]]) > was a [[Ostforschung|Ostforschung
	scientist]], [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] > officer, and [[Germany|German]]
	[[politician]]. > > > > From 1953 to 1960 he was a Minister for
	Displaced Persons, Refugees and > Victims of War for the [[Federal
	Republic of Germany]]. He is considered by > some historians to be among
	the academics who laid the intellectual > foundation for [[Final
	Solution]]<ref name="Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German > memory: history,
	television, and politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner > Ohio
	University Press; 2006 page 222-224 </ref>. > > > > == Biography == > >
	==Membership in Nazi party and Ostforschung studies== > > > > Oberländer
	was born in [[Meiningen]], [[Saxe-Meiningen]], part of the > [[German
	Empire]] in 1905. At the ege of eighteen he participated in [[Adolf >
	Hitler]]'s [[Beer Hall Putsch]] in [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], in 1923
	during > the existance of [[Weimar Republic]]. After joining Nazis in
	1933 he became > a senior SA commander and leader of NSDAP district<ref
	> name="Schwarz">"Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in
	a > Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction : The Statesman :
	1952-1967", > Hans Peter-Schwarz pages 91, 432, Berghahn Books 1997
	</ref>. Oberländer > obtained a doctorate in [[Agricultural Science]]s
	and [...] 
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Thank you, be my guest to post it.

2009/8/27 piotr micula <basiaipiotr@yahoo.com>

> I can do it, let me know. Great work Molobo!
>
> Tymek
>
> --- On *Wed, 8/26/09, Jack <jacurek@yahoo.com>* wrote:
>
>
> From: Jack <jacurek@yahoo.com>
> Subject: Re: [WPM] Theodore Oberlander article complete
> To: "Wikipedia statistics" <folks@wikipedometer.net>
> Date: Wednesday, August 26, 2009, 5:22 PM
>
>
>   Looks great ! Who is going to post it ? Jacek
>
> --- On *Wed, 8/26/09, Molobo Molobo <molobus@gmail.com>* wrote:
>
>
> From: Molobo Molobo <molobus@gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: [WPM] Theodore Oberlander article complete
> To: "Wikipedia statistics" <folks@wikipedometer.net>
> Date: Wednesday, August 26, 2009, 12:26 PM
>
>  [[Image:Theodor Oberl=E4nder.gif|thumb]]
>
> '''Theodor Oberl=E4nder''' ([[May 1]], [[1905]] &ndash; [[May 4]], [[1998=
]])
> was a [[Ostforschung|Ostforschung scientist]], [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]]
> officer, and [[Germany|German]] [[politician]].
>
>
>
> From 1953 to 1960 he was a Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and
> Victims of War for the [[Federal Republic of Germany]]. He is considered =
by
> some historians to be among the academics who laid the intellectual
> foundation for [[Final Solution]]<ref name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of Ge=
rman
> memory: history, television, and politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kanstein=
er
> Ohio University Press; 2006 page 222-224 </ref>.
>
>
>
> =3D=3D Biography =3D=3D
>
> =3D=3DMembership in Nazi party and Ostforschung studies=3D=3D
>
>
>
> Oberl=E4nder was born in [[Meiningen]], [[Saxe-Meiningen]], part of the
> [[German Empire]] in 1905. At the ege of eighteen he participated in [[Ad=
olf
> Hitler]]'s [[Beer Hall Putsch]] in [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], in 1923 durin=
g
> the existance of [[Weimar Republic]]. After joining Nazis in 1933 he beca=
me
> a senior SA commander and leader of NSDAP district<ref
> name=3D"Schwarz">"Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a
> Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction : The Statesman : 1952-1967"=
,
> Hans Peter-Schwarz pages 91, 432, Berghahn Books 1997 </ref>. Oberl=E4nde=
r
> obtained a doctorate in [[Agricultural Science]]s and wrote several books
> about the need for German intervention in the agricultural systems of
> [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] and the [[Soviet Union]], which he
> considered "un-economic".
>
>
>
> Like other [[Ostforschung]] researchers; Meinhold, [[Peter-Heinz
> Seraphim]], Oberl=E4nder's use the forms of economic utilitarinism was to
> cover up stereotypes about Jews and Poles<ref name=3D"Ethics"/>. Those vi=
ews
> were being rationalised with terms of health and "security threats" This
> supposed economic science was in fact, in the words of historian Michael
> Burleigh "a denatured hybrid throughoutly saturated by Nazi race
> ideology"<ref name=3D"Ethics">"Ethics and extermination-Reflections on Na=
zi
> Genocide", Michael Burleigh page 177, Cambridge University Press 1997</re=
f>
>
>
>
> Oberl=E4nder became a [[Nazi Party|National Socialist]] in 1933. He becam=
e a
> professor at the [[University of Greifswald]], where he took the forefron=
t
> in making the university and the [[Province of Pomerania]] "[[judenfrei]]=
"
> (free of Jews).. On [[August 4]], [[1935]], he became an assistant to
> [[Gauleiter]] [[Erich Koch]], under whose authority he started to gather
> information about non-German minorities in [[East Prussia]]. A significan=
t
> role in this process was played by the "Bund Deutscher Osten" (BDO - "Lea=
gue
> for a German East"), which advocated radical [[Germanization]] of the
> eastern provinces and the elimination of the [[Polish language]] in
> [[Masuria]]. The language's traditional usage in the
> [[Protestantism|Protestant]] churches of the [[Masurians]] was outlawed i=
n
> November 1939, with the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] church leadership
> acquiescing in December.
>
>
>
> In March 1935 he attended a meeting of professors, scholars and [[NSDAP]]
> training specialists dedicated to study of the "East" where he dedicated =
his
> esseys at what he described as "border struggle" with Poland<ref
> name=3D"GermanSch"/>.
>
> The meeting was divided into two groups:"base" and "front"<ref
> name=3D"GermanSch"/>. The "base" included 58 professors, lecturers and
> research assistants, the "front" was made up of political functionaries,
> seven training specialists of the NSDAP, [[Hitler Youth]], three heads of
> Reichsarbeitsdiensts(forced labour service), two teachers and two civil
> servants<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>. It was Oberl=E4nder who intruduced the=
 72
> patricipants on the first day and set for them the task to study "border
> struggle" against Poland<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>..
>
> Attacking Poland, he advocated battle against [[Polish minority in Nazi
> Germany]], and demanded
>
> that social relationships between Germans and Polish immigrants be
> prohibited<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>.
>
>
>
> Oberl=E4nder implied that Poland was not capable of sociopolitical and
> agrarian reforms due that fact that it was not "racially homogenous" nati=
on
> state<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>. The population of Polish cities has been =
named
> by him as "transplanted rubes"<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>.
>
>
>
> Sharing Hitler's view Oberl=E4nder believed that the treaties regarding t=
he
> [[East]], like the [[German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact]], were only
> conditional, and Ostforschung studies should go on as usual "so that afte=
r
> ten years we have everything ready that we could need in any given
> circumstances"<ref name=3D"Eastwards">"Germany turns eastwards: a study o=
f
> Ostforschung in the Third Reich", Michael Burleigh Cambridge University
> Press, 1988, pages 76 ,144-146, 222, 317-318 </ref>. Continuing his studi=
es
> on rural population of Poland he noted in his works that "Poland has eigh=
t
> million inhabitants too many"<ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>.
>
>
>
> Reflecting on the temporary lack of possibility of open [[war]] in the Ea=
st
> ,Oberl=E4nder wrote the following:
>
>
>
> ''The struggle for ethnicity is nothing other then the continuation of wa=
r
> by other means under the cover of peace. Not a fight with gas, granades, =
and
> machine-guns, but a fight about homes, farms, schools and the soulrs of
> children, a struggle whose end, unlike in war, is not forseeable as long =
as
> the insane principle of the nationalism of the state dominates the Easter=
n
> region, a struggle which goes on with one aim:extermination!'' <ref
> name=3D"Eastwards"/>
>
>
>
> Other features of Oberl=E4nder's thoughts concentrated on depicting Jews =
as
> carriers of [[communism]], and the benefits of peasant [[antisemitism]] t=
o
> German goals in Central and Eastern Europe<ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>.
>
> His preperatory work in BDO involved monitioring over 1,200,000 Poles
> living in Germany, with card-name index of untrustworthy Poles and German=
s
> living in the borderlands, and proposals to Germanise Polish place, stree=
t,
> and family names<ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>.
>
> In the summer of [[1937]] Oberl=E4nder formulated a "divide and conquer"
> strategy for Poland<ref name=3D"GermanSch">German scholars and ethnic
> cleansing 1919-1945" Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch Berghahn Books 2006 pag=
e
> 10, 12 </ref>.
>
> Within Poland, ethnic groups were to be directed into fighting with each
> other, in order to prepare ground for German rule<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/=
>.
> The Poles were to be steered away from opposing Germans and guided into
> confrontation with [[Russians]] and [[Jews]]<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>.
> Oberl=E4nder additionally called for elimination of "assimiliated Jewry" =
which
> in his view carried "communist ideas"<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>. Polish
> peasants were to be "taught" that they benefit from German "law"<ref
> name=3D"GermanSch"/>.
>
>
>
> In order to win over Poles for the side of German [[hegemony]] in
> [[Europe]], Oberl=E4nder proposed that they share in theft of Jewish
> property<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>. Around 3,5 million Polish Jews and 1,5
> million people who were considered "assimilated Jews" were to be deprived=
 of
> all of their rights<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>.
>
>
>
> By 1937 Oberl=E4nder however started to lose influence in [[Nazi party]],=
 as
> his views on the treatment of Polish population(but not Jewish question)
> were losing to more hardline positions<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/> and perso=
nal
> conflict with [[Erich Koch]]
>
> <ref name=3D"Valdis">"Himmler's Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mittelstel=
le
> and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945"Valdis O. Lumens
> page 63</ref>. As a result he lost his position in East Prussia and withi=
n
> BDO by 1938<ref name=3D"GermanSch"/>. From 1.4.1938 he worked as Professo=
r of
> History at [[University of Greifswald]]<ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>
>
>
>
> In 1939 Oberl=E4nder moved to work in [[Abwehrstelle Breslau]]; one of th=
e
> main centers of [[sabotage]] and [[diversion]] organised by Nazis which
> conducted operations against Poland. At the same time his work concerned
> issues connected to [[Ukraine]] and [[Sudetes]] region and he had contact=
s
> with [[Osteuropa Institut]] located in Breslau([[Wroc=B3aw]])<ref
> name=3D"Instytut">"Przeglad Zachodni", volume 16 Instytut Zachodni 1960 p=
age
> 115</ref>
>
>
>
> =3D=3DSecond World War=3D=3D
>
>
>
> In 1940 he endorsed [[ethnic cleansing]] of Polish population[
> http://gplanost.x-berg.de/sgplanost.html], and in 1941 wrote in the Germa=
n
> magazine Deutsche Monatshefte: "We have the best soldier in the world who
> re-conquered German soil in the East. There is no bigger responsibility t=
han
> educating this colonist to be the best on earth and to secure the living
> space for all times to come" Oberl=E4nder's words echoed views of [[Heinr=
ich
> Himmler]], who envisioned settling former soldiers, armed with weapons an=
d
> plows in the East, not just pure peasants
>
> <ref name=3D"Ramos">"SCHWERTE MUSS DER PFLUG FOLGEN: =DBber-peasents and
> National Socialists Settlements in the Occupied Eastern Territories durin=
g
> World War Two"
>
> Simone C. De Santiago Ramos, M.S. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of Maste=
r
> of Arts
>
> University of Texas page 68</ref>
>
>
>
> During 1940 he moved to [[University of Prague]], after which he became
> active in [[Ukraine]], where he was used by Nazi Germany's military as
> expert on "ethnic psychology"<ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>.
>
>
>
> When Hitler [[Operation Barbarossa|invaded the Soviet Union]] in 1941
> Oberl=E4nder became an adv ising officer of the [[Nachtigall Battalion]] =
(a
> Ukrainian battalion of [[Wehrmacht]]) which occupied [[Lviv]] in
> [[Ukraine]]; his position was similar to that of Soviet [[political
> commissar]]s. The patricipation of the Battalion in [[The Lviv Civilian
> Massacre of 1941]] has since been subject to controversy, and Oberl=E4nde=
r
> himself has been accused after the war in patricipating in the events.
>
> In January 1942 he sent a report on situation in Ukraine in which he wrot=
e
> that success lay in "winning over the masses and pitilessly exterminating
> partisants as deleterious to the people"<ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>.
>
>
>
> He later became the leader of the mixed German and Caucasian
> [[Sonderverband Bergmann]], which was active in anti-[[Partisan
> (military)|partisan]] warfare. Both army groups were later claimed to hav=
e
> participated in [[war crime]]s. Oberl=E4nder's involvement in [[Eastern
> front]] would led to the Oberl=E4nder case at the end of the 1950s<ref
> name=3D"Schwarz"/>.
>
>
>
> After leaving the Bergmann group in 1943 due to dismissal from
> [[Wehrmacht]] due to political conflict with his superiors he returned to
> Prague. In 1944 he became part of the staff of the
> Nazi controlled puppet collaborationist organisation the [[Andrey
> Vlasov]]'s [[Russian Liberation Army]]<ref name=3D"Schwarz"/>. He was tak=
en
> prisoner by the [[United States Army]] in 1945.
>
>
>
> =3D=3DPolitical career after Second World War=3D=3D
>
>
>
> During his imprisonment U.S military secret service appreciated
> Oberl=E4nder's expertise in eastern European topics, and he went through =
the
> [[denazification]] process with ease
>
> <ref name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: history, television,=
 and
> politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pa=
ge
> 222-224 </ref>.
>
>
>
> After the war Oberl=E4nder claimed that he criticised Nazi policies and h=
e
> only wanted a German [[hegemony]] over [[Slavic peoples]] in which they
> would have "some respect" and were "treated reasonably humanly"<ref
> name=3D"Schwarz"/>.
>
>
>
> Oberl=E4nder again became active in German politics, first in the liberal
> [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]], then in the
> [[All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights|Bloc of
> Refugees and Expellees]] (GB/BHE)(despite the himself was not expelled),
> where he would become a major leader alongside [[ Waldemar Kraft]] also a
> former Nazi, interned for two years for his wartime activities in occupie=
d
> Poland<ref name=3D"Burdens">"Shouldering the Burdens of Defeat: West Germ=
any
> and the Reconstruction of Social Justice" Michael L. Hughes, The Universi=
ty
> of North Carolina Press 1999</ref>. Many threads connected BHE to the Naz=
is,
> as it openly tried to win over former Nazis angry at denazification, call=
ing
> their crimes to be only "uncritical belief in Germany's future"<ref
> name=3D"Burdens"/>. The party classified those Nazis on pair with war-dam=
aged
> as fellow victims<ref name=3D"Burdens"/>. The fact that the party selecte=
d as
> its leaders two former Nazis, who took part in expulsion and expropation =
of
> non-Germans severely undermined German complaints about their situation<r=
ef
> name=3D"World''>"A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II" Gerha=
rd L.
> Weinberg Cambridge University Press 1995 page 792</ref>.
>
>
>
> Oberl=E4nder joined the [[Konrad Adenauer|Adenauer]] government of [[West
> Germany]] in 1953 as Minister for Refugees and Expelles<ref
> name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and
> politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pa=
ge
> 222-224 </ref>.
>
> His appointment prompted negative press coverage and made details of his
> Nazi past known<ref name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: histo=
ry,
> television, and politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio Universit=
y
> Press; 2006 page 222-224 </ref>. But despite the fact that he nominated
> several former Nazis as co-workers, the criticism soon died down<ref
> name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and
> politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pa=
ge
> 222-224 </ref>. Adenauer in particular was keen on getting BHE on board, =
as
> with its support he controlled two-thirds majority in the parliament<ref
> name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and
> politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pa=
ge
> 222-224 </ref>.Adenauer knew very well that Oberl=E4nder was a Nationalis=
t
> Socialists and admitted he has a "very brown past"<ref name=3D"Schwarz"/>
>
>
>
> When Oberl=E4nder tried to visit his former Nazi co-workes in 1956 who st=
ill
> served time in Landsberg prison, the foreign minister of Germany vetoed t=
he
> trip, fearing for international consequences, neverthless despite
> hinderances Oberl=E4nder still tried to support far right groups.<ref
> name=3D"Legacies">"Legacies of Dachau: the uses and abuses of a concentra=
tion
> camp 1933-2001"" Harold Marcuse Cambridge University Press 2001 page
> 118</ref>
>
>
>
> Oberl=E4nder left the GB/BHE for the centre [[Christian Democratic Union
> (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] in 1956 when it broke with Adenaue=
r.
> Adenauer himself continued to support him, as a matter of principle<ref
> name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and
> politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pa=
ge
> 222-224 </ref>.
>
>
>
> In the fall of 1959 the [[Eastern Bloc]] unleashed a coordinated campaign
> against existance of Nazi's in West German government, which included
> Oberl=E4nder. He was accused of participating in Lviv Massacre<ref
> name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and
> politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pa=
ge
> 222-224 </ref>. Previously he was able to remain in politics despite the
> accusations, but the situation this time became more unfavourable,and som=
e
> of his fellow CDU collegues pushed for him to resign for the good of
> government and country <ref name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memor=
y:
> history, television, and politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio
> University Press; 2006 page 222-224 </ref>.
>
> While many in West Germany did not believe the accusations of war crimes,
> it was clear that Oberl=E4nder had been an enthusiastic Nazi<ref
> name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and
> politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pa=
ge
> 222-224 </ref>, and due to fact that West German community had reinvented
> its immage as community of innocent bystanders during Second World War,
> Oberl=E4nder past was considered liability<ref name=3D"Pursuit''>"In purs=
uit of
> German memory: history, television, and politics after Auschwitz", Wulf
> Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 page 222-224 </ref>.
>
>
>
> A court in the [[German Democratic Republic]] (East Germany) in 1960
> sentenced Oberl=E4nder, in absentia, to life imprisonment for his involve=
ment
> in the Lviv massacre in 1941.
>
>
>
> In January 1960 during discussion with 3,000 students of [[University of
> Cologne]] Adenauer was faced with protests against continued presence of
> Oberl=E4nder in German government<ref name=3D"Schwarz"/>. In responce Ade=
nauer
> stated that Oberl=E4nder was a Nazi but "never did anything dishonourable=
"<ref
> name=3D"Schwarz"/>. Despite Adenauer's protection however Oberl=E4nder be=
came a
> heavy burder for the German government in May [[1960]]<ref name=3D"Schwar=
z"/>
> and finally removed from government, but not because of his past, but due=
 to
> fact that he politically represented no value that was worth trouble<<ref
> name=3D"Pursuit''>"In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and
> politics after Auschwitz", Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pa=
ge
> 222-224 </ref>.
>
>
>
> Oberl=E4nder neverthless continued efforts to influence German public, an=
d in
> 1962 he published an article in [[Der Stahlhelm]], an organ of former
> [[Frontsoldaten]] <ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>. In it he repeated claims abo=
ut an
> "revolutionary war" in which he accused the "dictatorship in the East" of
> conducting an offensive revolution against the [[West]], in which there w=
as
> "no beginning", and no movement of troops, but which was led by
> "inflitration and publicism" as well as "espionage" <ref name=3D"Eastward=
s"/>.
> He denouced any possibility of "coexistance" between East and West and
> blamed such ideas on "rootless intelligentsia" <ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>,=
 "to
> appease the enemy" Oberlaner wrote was to "further world revolution" <ref
> name=3D"Eastwards"/>. As historian [[Michael Burleigh]] notes, the idea t=
hat
> the "unfree" perhaps didn't wanted to be "liberated" by the likes of
> Oberl=E4nder and his "Bund der Frontsoldaten"(who passed that way twenty =
years
> ago)-did not occur to him <ref name=3D"Eastwards"/>.
>
>
>
> In 1986, Oberl=E4nder received [[Bavarian Order of Merit]] from the state=
 of
> [[Bavaria]]<ref name=3D"Bav''>"Problems of Political Reeducation in West
> Germany, 1945-1960" Michael H. Kater Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual Volum=
e 4
> </ref>.
>
>
>
>
>
> [[File:Oberlander1.jpg|150px|left|thumb|[[KGB]] document on action agains=
t
> Oberl=E4nder and Ukrainian [[Nachtigall]] ([[1959]]).]]
>
> His conviction was squashed by a new German court in 1993, which contende=
d
> that the Soviet evidence had been fabricated by the [[KGB]]{{Verify
> source|date=3DMarch 2009}}{{Fact|date=3DMarch 2009}}<!-- de: only says
> "overturned on formal grounds", gives scholarly source -->. At the end of
> his life, Oberl=E4nder became explicitly involved in [[far right]] and
> [[anti-immigration]] politics.
>
>
>
> A new case was opened against Oberl=E4nder in 1996 in which he was charge=
d
> with the unlawful killing of a civilian in [[Kislovodsk]] in 1942 during =
his
> Bergmann leadership<ref>Der Spiegel
>
> 18 / 1996 ''Kriegsverbrehen. Die M=FChlen mahlen langsam''</ref>. This ti=
me
> it involved an interrogation of female teacher, who was whipped and after
> refusing to talk about suspected partisant activity shot in the breast by
> Oberl=E4nder, who left her to die. Oberl=E4nder called those allegations =
"Soviet
> lies".
>
>
>
> Theodor Oberl=E4nder died in [[Bonn]] in 1998.
>
>
>
>
>
> =3D=3DIn fiction=3D=3D
>
> *Professor Theodor Oberl=E4nder appears in [[Jonathan Littell]]'s
> [[docudrama]] "[[Les Bienveillantes]]".
>
>
>
> =3D=3D References =3D=3D
>
> * {{PND|118735829}} {{de icon}}
>
> * [http://zeus.zeit.de/text/2001/26/200126_a-lemberg.xml Article about th=
e
> events in Lviv/Lemberg] {{de icon}}
>
> * [http://www.ursulahomann.de/JudenInMecklenburgVorpommern/kap005.htmlFat=
e of the Jews in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Oberl=E4nder's involvement]
> {{de icon}}
>
> * [http://people.freenet.de/Transsylvania/Oberlaender.html Extracts from
> '' "Grenzlandpolitik" und Ostforschung an der Peripherie des Reiches. Das
> ostpreussische Masuren 1919-1945'' by Andreas Kossert] {{de icon}}
>
> <references/>
>
> {{DEFAULTSORT:Oberl=E4nder, Theodor}}
>
> [[Category:1905 births]]
>
> [[Category:1998 deaths]]
>
> [[Category:People from Meiningen]]
>
> [[Category:Beer Hall Putsch]]
>
> [[Category:Nazis]]
>
> [[Category:German politicians]]
>
> [[Category:Government ministers of Germany]]
>
> [[Category:Members of the Bavarian Order of Merit]]
>
> [[Category:People from Saxe-Meiningen]]
>
> [[Category:People indicted for war crimes]]
>
> [[Category:University of Munich alumni]]
>
> [[Category:University of Hamburg alumni]]
>
> [[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni]]
>
> [[Category:University of K=F6nigsberg alumni]]
>
> [[Category:University of Greifswald faculty]]
>
>
> [[de:Theodor Oberl=E4nder]]
>
> [[no:Theodor Oberl=E4nder]]
>
> [[pl:Theodor Oberl=E4nder]]
>
> [[sv:Theodor Oberl=E4nder]]
>
>
>
> 2009/8/26 Molobo Molobo <molobus@gmail.com>
>
>> I completed Oberlander article regarding:
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Oberl%C3%A4nder
>>
>> The article is attached in doc format. It will be copied to the next ema=
il
>> for those of you who don't use mail in the discussion group. You can pas=
te
>> and copy it, although if you want to check spelling and references forma=
ting
>> be my guest. In one case I couldn't get the reference to work properly a=
t
>> all and had to manually copy it several times(I don't know why :/ )
>>
>>
>>
>
> -----Inline Attachment Follows-----
>
> _______________________________________________
> Wikipedia statistics discussion list
> folks@wikipedometer.net
> http://wikipedometer.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/folks
>
>
>
> -----Inline Attachment Follows-----
>
> _______________________________________________
> Wikipedia statistics discussion list
> folks@wikipedometer.net<http://us.mc328.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=3Dfo=
lks@wikipedometer.net>
> http://wikipedometer.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/folks
>
> start: 0000-00-00 end: 0000-00-00
> _______________________________________________
> Wikipedia statistics discussion list
> folks@wikipedometer.net
> http://wikipedometer.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/folks
>
>

--0016364d1ccfeab16f047215373c
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-2
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Thank you, be my guest to post it.<br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2009/8=
/27 piotr micula <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:basiaipiotr@yahoo.=
com">basiaipiotr@yahoo.com</a>&gt;</span><br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quo=
te" style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt=
 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
<table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td styl=
e=3D"font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font=
-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-size-adjus=
t: inherit; font-stretch: inherit;" valign=3D"top">
<div>I can do it, let me know. Great work Molobo!</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Tymek<br><br>--- On <b>Wed, 8/26/09, Jack <i>&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jac=
urek@yahoo.com" target=3D"_blank">jacurek@yahoo.com</a>&gt;</i></b> wrote:<=
br></div>
<blockquote style=3D"border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); padding-left:=
 5px; margin-left: 5px;"><br>From: Jack &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jacurek@yahoo=
.com" target=3D"_blank">jacurek@yahoo.com</a>&gt;<div class=3D"im"><br>Subj=
ect: Re: [WPM] Theodore Oberlander article complete<br>
To: &quot;Wikipedia statistics&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:folks@wikipedome=
ter.net" target=3D"_blank">folks@wikipedometer.net</a>&gt;<br></div>Date: W=
ednesday, August 26, 2009, 5:22 PM<div><div></div><div class=3D"h5"><br><br=
>
<div>
<table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign=3D"top">Looks great ! Who is going to post it ?
<div>Jacek<br><br>--- On <b>Wed, 8/26/09, Molobo Molobo <i>&lt;<a href=3D"m=
ailto:molobus@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">molobus@gmail.com</a>&gt;</i></b=
> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style=3D"border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); padding-left:=
 5px; margin-left: 5px;"><br>From: Molobo Molobo &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:molo=
bus@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">molobus@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>Subject: Re: =
[WPM] Theodore Oberlander article complete<br>
To: &quot;Wikipedia statistics&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:folks@wikipedome=
ter.net" target=3D"_blank">folks@wikipedometer.net</a>&gt;<br>Date: Wednesd=
ay, August 26, 2009, 12:26 PM<br><br>
<div>


<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">[[Image:Theodor Oberl=E4=
nder.gif|thumb]]</span></p></div>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&#39;&#39;&#39;Theodo=
r Oberl=E4nder&#39;&#39;&#39; ([[May 1]], [[1905]] &amp;ndash; [[May 4]], [=
[1998]]) was a [[Ostforschung|Ostforschung scientist]], [[Nazi Germany|Nazi=
]] officer, and [[Germany|German]] [[politician]].</span></p>
</blockquote></div>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span></p></td=
></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">From 1953 to 1960 he =
was a Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and Victims of War for the [=
[Federal Republic of Germany]]. He is considered by some historians to be a=
mong the academics who laid the intellectual foundation for [[Final Solutio=
n]]&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#39;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German mem=
ory: history, television, and politics after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kanstein=
er Ohio University Press; 2006 page 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=3D=3D Biography =
=3D=3D</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=3D=3DMembership =
in Nazi party and Ostforschung studies=3D=3D</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Oberl=E4nder was =
born in [[Meiningen]], [[Saxe-Meiningen]], part of the [[German Empire]] in=
 1905. At the ege of eighteen he participated in [[Adolf Hitler]]&#39;s [[B=
eer Hall Putsch]] in [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], in 1923 during the existance =
of [[Weimar Republic]]. After joining Nazis in 1933 he became a senior SA c=
ommander and leader of NSDAP district&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Schwarz&quot;&gt;=
&quot;Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a Period of War=
, Revolution and Reconstruction : The Statesman : 1952-1967&quot;, Hans Pet=
er-Schwarz pages 91, 432, Berghahn Books 1997 &lt;/ref&gt;. Oberl=E4nder ob=
tained a doctorate in [[Agricultural Science]]s and wrote several books abo=
ut the need for German intervention in the agricultural systems of [[Second=
 Polish Republic|Poland]] and the [[Soviet Union]], which he considered &qu=
ot;un-economic&quot;. </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Like other [[Ostf=
orschung]] researchers; Meinhold, [[Peter-Heinz Seraphim]], Oberl=E4nder&#3=
9;s use the forms of economic utilitarinism was to cover up stereotypes abo=
ut Jews and Poles&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Ethics&quot;/&gt;. Those views were b=
eing rationalised with terms of health and &bdquo;security threats&rdquo; T=
his supposed economic science was in fact, in the words of historian Michae=
l Burleigh &bdquo;a denatured hybrid throughoutly saturated by Nazi race id=
eology&rdquo;&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Ethics&quot;&gt;&quot;Ethics and extermin=
ation-Reflections on Nazi Genocide&quot;, Michael Burleigh page 177, Cambri=
dge University Press 1997&lt;/ref&gt;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Oberl=E4nder beca=
me a [[Nazi Party|National Socialist]] in 1933. He became a professor at th=
e [[University of Greifswald]], where he took the forefront in making the u=
niversity and the [[Province of Pomerania]] &quot;[[judenfrei]]&quot; (free=
 of Jews).. On [[August 4]], [[1935]], he became an assistant to [[Gauleite=
r]] [[Erich Koch]], under whose authority he started to gather information =
about non-German minorities in [[East Prussia]]. A significant role in this=
 process was played by the &quot;Bund Deutscher Osten&quot; (BDO - &quot;Le=
ague for a German East&quot;), which advocated radical [[Germanization]] of=
 the eastern provinces and the elimination of the [[Polish language]] in [[=
Masuria]]. The language&#39;s traditional usage in the [[Protestantism|Prot=
estant]] churches of the [[Masurians]] was outlawed in November 1939, with =
the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] church leadership acquiescing in December.</sp=
an>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In March 1935 he =
attended a meeting of professors, scholars and [[NSDAP]] training specialis=
ts dedicated to study of the &bdquo;East&rdquo; where he dedicated his esse=
ys at what he described as &bdquo;border struggle&rdquo; with Poland&lt;ref=
 name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">The meeting was d=
ivided into two groups:&rdquo;base&rdquo; and &bdquo;front&rdquo;&lt;ref na=
me=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;. The &bdquo;base&rdquo; included 58 profess=
ors, lecturers and research assistants, the &bdquo;front&rdquo; was made up=
 of political functionaries, seven training specialists of the NSDAP, [[Hit=
ler Youth]], three heads of Reichsarbeitsdiensts(forced labour service), tw=
o teachers and two civil servants&lt;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;.=
 It was Oberl=E4nder who intruduced the 72 patricipants on the first day an=
d set for them the task to study &bdquo;border struggle&rdquo; against Pola=
nd&lt;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;..</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Attacking Poland,=
 he advocated battle against [[Polish minority in Nazi Germany]], and deman=
ded </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">that social relat=
ionships between Germans and Polish immigrants be prohibited&lt;ref name=3D=
&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Oberl=E4nder impl=
ied that Poland was not capable of sociopolitical and agrarian reforms due =
that fact that it was not &bdquo;racially homogenous&rdquo; nation state&lt=
;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;. The population of Polish cities has=
 been named by him as &bdquo;transplanted rubes&rdquo;&lt;ref name=3D&quot;=
GermanSch&quot;/&gt;. </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Sharing Hitler&#3=
9;s view Oberl=E4nder believed that the treaties regarding the [[East]], li=
ke the [[German&ndash;Polish Non-Aggression Pact]], were only conditional, =
and Ostforschung studies should go on as usual &bdquo;so that after ten yea=
rs we have everything ready that we could need in any given circumstances&r=
dquo;&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;&gt;&quot;Germany turns eastwards:=
 a study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich&quot;, Michael Burleigh Cambrid=
ge University Press, 1988, pages 76 ,144-146, 222, 317-318 &lt;/ref&gt;. Co=
ntinuing his studies on rural population of Poland he noted in his works th=
at &bdquo;Poland has eight million inhabitants too many&rdquo;&lt;ref name=
=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Reflecting on the=
 temporary lack of possibility of open [[war]] in the East ,Oberl=E4nder wr=
ote the following:</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&#39;&#39;The str=
uggle for ethnicity is nothing other then the continuation of war by other =
means under the cover of peace. Not a fight with gas, granades, and machine=
-guns, but a fight about homes, farms, schools and the soulrs of children, =
a struggle whose end, unlike in war, is not forseeable as long as the insan=
e principle of the nationalism of the state dominates the Eastern region, a=
 struggle which goes on with one aim:extermination!&#39;&#39; &lt;ref name=
=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Other features of=
 Oberl=E4nder&#39;s thoughts concentrated on depicting Jews as carriers of =
[[communism]], and the benefits of peasant [[antisemitism]] to German goals=
 in Central and Eastern Europe&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;.</s=
pan>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">His preperatory w=
ork in BDO involved monitioring over 1,200,000 Poles living in Germany, wit=
h card-name index of untrustworthy Poles and Germans living in the borderla=
nds, and proposals to Germanise Polish place, street, and family names&lt;r=
ef name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In the summer of =
[[1937]] Oberl=E4nder formulated a &bdquo;divide and conquer&rdquo; strateg=
y for Poland&lt;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;&gt;German scholars and eth=
nic cleansing 1919-1945&quot; Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch Berghahn Books 2=
006 page 10, 12 &lt;/ref&gt;. </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Within Poland, et=
hnic groups were to be directed into fighting with each other, in order to =
prepare ground for German rule&lt;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;. Th=
e Poles were to be steered away from opposing Germans and guided into confr=
ontation with [[Russians]] and [[Jews]]&lt;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;=
/&gt;. Oberl=E4nder additionally called for elimination of &bdquo;assimilia=
ted Jewry&rdquo; which in his view carried &bdquo;communist ideas&rdquo;&lt=
;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;. Polish peasants were to be &bdquo;t=
aught&rdquo; that they benefit from German &bdquo;law&rdquo;&lt;ref name=3D=
&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;. </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In order to win o=
ver Poles for the side of German [[hegemony]] in [[Europe]], Oberl=E4nder p=
roposed that they share in theft of Jewish property&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Ger=
manSch&quot;/&gt;. Around 3,5 million Polish Jews and 1,5 million people wh=
o were considered &bdquo;assimilated Jews&rdquo; were to be deprived of all=
 of their rights&lt;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">By 1937 Oberl=E4n=
der however started to lose influence in [[Nazi party]], as his views on th=
e treatment of Polish population(but not Jewish question) were losing to mo=
re hardline positions&lt;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt; and personal=
 conflict with [[Erich Koch]]</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&lt;ref name=3D&q=
uot;Valdis&quot;&gt;&quot;Himmler&#39;s Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mitt=
elstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945&quot;Valdi=
s O. Lumens page 63&lt;/ref&gt;. As a result he lost his position in East P=
russia and within BDO by 1938&lt;ref name=3D&quot;GermanSch&quot;/&gt;. Fro=
m 1.4.1938 he worked as Professor of History at [[University of Greifswald]=
]&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In 1939 Oberl=E4n=
der moved to work in [[Abwehrstelle Breslau]]; one of the main centers of [=
[sabotage]] and [[diversion]] organised by Nazis which conducted operations=
 against Poland. At the same time his work concerned issues connected to [[=
Ukraine]] and [[Sudetes]] region and he had contacts with [[Osteuropa Insti=
tut]] located in Breslau([[Wroc=B3aw]])&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Instytut&quot;&=
gt;&quot;Przeglad Zachodni&quot;, volume 16 Instytut Zachodni 1960 page 115=
&lt;/ref&gt;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=3D=3DSecond Worl=
d War=3D=3D</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In 1940 he endors=
ed [[ethnic cleansing]] of Polish population[<a href=3D"http://gplanost.x-b=
erg.de/sgplanost.html" rel=3D"nofollow" target=3D"_blank">http://gplanost.x=
-berg.de/sgplanost.html</a>], and in 1941 wrote in the German magazine Deut=
sche Monatshefte: &bdquo;We have the best soldier in the world who re-conqu=
ered German soil in the East. There is no bigger responsibility than educat=
ing this colonist to be the best on earth and to secure the living space fo=
r all times to come&rdquo; Oberl=E4nder&#39;s words echoed views of [[Heinr=
ich Himmler]], who envisioned settling former soldiers, armed with weapons =
and plows in the East, not just pure peasants</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&lt;ref name=3D&q=
uot;Ramos&quot;&gt;&rdquo;SCHWERTE MUSS DER PFLUG FOLGEN: =DBber-peasents a=
nd National Socialists Settlements in the Occupied Eastern Territories duri=
ng World War Two&rdquo;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Simone C. De Sant=
iago Ramos, M.S. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of Master of Arts</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">University of Tex=
as page 68&lt;/ref&gt; </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">During 1940 he mo=
ved to [[University of Prague]], after which he became active in [[Ukraine]=
], where he was used by Nazi Germany&#39;s military as expert on &bdquo;eth=
nic psychology&rdquo;&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">When Hitler [[Ope=
ration Barbarossa|invaded the Soviet Union]] in 1941 Oberl=E4nder became an=
 adv ising officer of the [[Nachtigall Battalion]] (a Ukrainian battalion o=
f [[Wehrmacht]]) which occupied [[Lviv]] in [[Ukraine]]; his position was s=
imilar to that of Soviet [[political commissar]]s. The patricipation of the=
 Battalion in [[The Lviv Civilian Massacre of 1941]] has since been subject=
 to controversy, and Oberl=E4nder himself has been accused after the war in=
 patricipating in the events.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In January 1942 h=
e sent a report on situation in Ukraine in which he wrote that success lay =
in &bdquo;winning over the masses and pitilessly exterminating partisants a=
s deleterious to the people&rdquo;&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;=
. </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">He later became t=
he leader of the mixed German and Caucasian [[Sonderverband Bergmann]], whi=
ch was active in anti-[[Partisan (military)|partisan]] warfare. Both army g=
roups were later claimed to have participated in [[war crime]]s. Oberl=E4nd=
er&#39;s involvement in [[Eastern front]] would led to the Oberl=E4nder cas=
e at the end of the 1950s&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Schwarz&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">After leaving the=
 Bergmann group in 1943 due to dismissal from [[Wehrmacht]] due to politica=
l conflict with his superiors he returned to Prague. In 1944 he became part=
 of the staff of the </span>
</p><div><span lang=3D"EN-US">Nazi controlled puppet collaborationist organ=
isation the [[Andrey Vlasov]]&#39;s [[Russian Liberation Army]]&lt;ref name=
=3D&quot;Schwarz&quot;/&gt;. He was taken prisoner by the [[United States A=
rmy]] in 1945. </span></div>

<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=3D=3DPolitical c=
areer after Second World War=3D=3D</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">During his impris=
onment U.S military secret service appreciated Oberl=E4nder&#39;s expertise=
 in eastern European topics, and he went through the [[denazification]] pro=
cess with ease</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&lt;ref name=3D&q=
uot;Pursuit&#39;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: history, televi=
sion, and politics after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University P=
ress; 2006 page 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">After the war Obe=
rl=E4nder claimed that he criticised Nazi policies and he only wanted a Ger=
man [[hegemony]] over [[Slavic peoples]] in which they would have &bdquo;so=
me respect&rdquo; and were &bdquo;treated reasonably humanly&rdquo;&lt;ref =
name=3D&quot;Schwarz&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Oberl=E4nder agai=
n became active in German politics, first in the liberal [[Free Democratic =
Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]], then in the [[All-German Bloc/Leag=
ue of Expellees and Deprived of Rights|Bloc of Refugees and Expellees]] (GB=
/BHE)(despite the himself was not expelled), where he would become a major =
leader alongside [[ Waldemar Kraft]] also a former Nazi, interned for two y=
ears for his wartime activities in occupied Poland&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Burd=
ens&quot;&gt;&quot;Shouldering the Burdens of Defeat: West Germany and the =
Reconstruction of Social Justice&rdquo; Michael L. Hughes, The University o=
f North Carolina Press 1999&lt;/ref&gt;. Many threads connected BHE to the =
Nazis, as it openly tried to win over former Nazis angry at denazification,=
 calling their crimes to be only &bdquo;uncritical belief in Germany&#39;s =
future&rdquo;&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Burdens&quot;/&gt;. The party classified =
those Nazis on pair with war-damaged as fellow
 victims&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Burdens&quot;/&gt;. The fact that the party se=
lected as its leaders two former Nazis, who took part in expulsion and expr=
opation of non-Germans severely undermined German complaints about their si=
tuation&lt;ref name=3D&quot;World&#39;&#39;&gt;&rdquo;A World at Arms: A Gl=
obal History of World War II&rdquo; Gerhard L. Weinberg Cambridge Universit=
y Press 1995 page 792&lt;/ref&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Oberl=E4nder join=
ed the [[Konrad Adenauer|Adenauer]] government of [[West Germany]] in 1953 =
as Minister for Refugees and Expelles&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#39;&#39;=
&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and politics af=
ter Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 page 222-2=
24 &lt;/ref&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">His appointment p=
rompted negative press coverage and made details of his Nazi past known&lt;=
ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#39;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: hi=
story, television, and politics after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio=
 University Press; 2006 page 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;. But despite the fact tha=
t he nominated several former Nazis as co-workers, the criticism soon died =
down&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#39;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German me=
mory: history, television, and politics after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kanstei=
ner Ohio University Press; 2006 page 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;. Adenauer in part=
icular was keen on getting BHE on board, as with its support he controlled =
two-thirds majority in the parliament&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#39;&#39;=
&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and politics af=
ter Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 page 222-2=
24 &lt;/ref&gt;.Adenauer knew very well that Oberl=E4nder was a Nationalist
 Socialists and admitted he has a &bdquo;very brown past&rdquo;&lt;ref name=
=3D&quot;Schwarz&quot;/&gt;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">When Oberl=E4nder=
 tried to visit his former Nazi co-workes in 1956 who still served time in =
Landsberg prison, the foreign minister of Germany vetoed the trip, fearing =
for international consequences, neverthless despite hinderances Oberl=E4nde=
r still tried to support far right groups.&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Legacies&quo=
t;&gt;&quot;Legacies of Dachau: the uses and abuses of a concentration camp=
 1933-2001&rdquo;&bdquo; Harold Marcuse Cambridge University Press 2001 pag=
e 118&lt;/ref&gt;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Oberl=E4nder left=
 the GB/BHE for the centre [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian=
 Democratic Union]] in 1956 when it broke with Adenauer. Adenauer himself c=
ontinued to support him, as a matter of principle&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursu=
it&#39;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and=
 politics after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 200=
6 page 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In the fall of 19=
59 the [[Eastern Bloc]] unleashed a coordinated campaign against existance =
of Nazi&#39;s in West German government, which included Oberl=E4nder. He wa=
s accused of participating in Lviv Massacre&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#39=
;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and polit=
ics after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 page=
 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;. Previously he was able to remain in politics despite=
 the accusations, but the situation this time became more unfavourable,and =
some of his fellow CDU collegues pushed for him to resign for the good of g=
overnment and country &lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#39;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pu=
rsuit of German memory: history, television, and politics after Auschwitz&q=
uot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 page 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;=
.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">While many in Wes=
t Germany did not believe the accusations of war crimes, it was clear that =
Oberl=E4nder had been an enthusiastic Nazi&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#39;=
&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and politi=
cs after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 page =
222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;, and due to fact that West German community had reinve=
nted its immage as community of innocent bystanders during Second World War=
, Oberl=E4nder past was considered liability&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Pursuit&#3=
9;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: history, television, and poli=
tics after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University Press; 2006 pag=
e 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">A court in the [[=
German Democratic Republic]] (East Germany) in 1960 sentenced Oberl=E4nder,=
 in absentia, to life imprisonment for his involvement in the Lviv massacre=
 in 1941. </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In January 1960 d=
uring discussion with 3,000 students of [[University of Cologne]] Adenauer =
was faced with protests against continued presence of Oberl=E4nder in Germa=
n government&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Schwarz&quot;/&gt;. In responce Adenauer s=
tated that Oberl=E4nder was a Nazi but &bdquo;never did anything dishonoura=
ble&rdquo;&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Schwarz&quot;/&gt;. Despite Adenauer&#39;s p=
rotection however Oberl=E4nder became a heavy burder for the German governm=
ent in May [[1960]]&lt;ref name=3D&quot;Schwarz&quot;/&gt; and finally remo=
ved from government, but not because of his past, but due to fact that he p=
olitically represented no value that was worth trouble&lt;&lt;ref name=3D&q=
uot;Pursuit&#39;&#39;&gt;&quot;In pursuit of German memory: history, televi=
sion, and politics after Auschwitz&quot;, Wulf Kansteiner Ohio University P=
ress; 2006 page 222-224 &lt;/ref&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Oberl=E4nder neve=
rthless continued efforts to influence German public, and in 1962 he publis=
hed an article in [[Der Stahlhelm]], an organ of former [[Frontsoldaten]] &=
lt;ref name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;. In it he repeated claims about an=
 &bdquo;revolutionary war&rdquo; in which he accused the &bdquo;dictatorshi=
p in the East&rdquo; of conducting an offensive revolution against the [[We=
st]], in which there was &bdquo;no beginning&rdquo;, and no movement of tro=
ops, but which was led by &bdquo;inflitration and publicism&rdquo; as well =
as &bdquo;espionage&rdquo; &lt;ref name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;. He de=
nouced any possibility of &bdquo;coexistance&rdquo; between East and West a=
nd blamed such ideas on &bdquo;rootless intelligentsia&rdquo; &lt;ref name=
=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;, &bdquo;to appease the enemy&rdquo; Oberlaner=
 wrote was to &bdquo;further world revolution&rdquo; &lt;ref name=3D&quot;E=
astwards&quot;/&gt;. As historian [[Michael Burleigh]] notes, the idea that=
 the &bdquo;unfree&rdquo; perhaps didn&#39;t wanted to be
 &bdquo;liberated&rdquo; by the likes of Oberl=E4nder and his &bdquo;Bund d=
er Frontsoldaten&rdquo;(who passed that way twenty years ago)-did not occur=
 to him &lt;ref name=3D&quot;Eastwards&quot;/&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In 1986, Oberl=E4=
nder received [[Bavarian Order of Merit]] from the state of [[Bavaria]]&lt;=
ref name=3D&quot;Bav&#39;&#39;&gt;&rdquo;Problems of Political Reeducation =
in West Germany, 1945-1960&rdquo; Michael H. Kater Simon Wiesenthal Center =
Annual Volume 4 &lt;/ref&gt;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">[[File:Oberlander=
1.jpg|150px|left|thumb|[[KGB]] document on action against Oberl=E4nder and =
Ukrainian [[Nachtigall]] ([[1959]]).]]</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">His conviction wa=
s squashed by a new German court in 1993, which contended that the Soviet e=
vidence had been fabricated by the [[KGB]]{{Verify source|date=3DMarch 2009=
}}{{Fact|date=3DMarch 2009}}&lt;!-- de: only says &quot;overturned on forma=
l grounds&quot;, gives scholarly source --&gt;. At the end of his life, Obe=
rl=E4nder became explicitly involved in [[far right]] and [[anti-immigratio=
n]] politics. </span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">A new case was op=
ened against Oberl=E4nder in 1996 in which he was charged with the unlawful=
 killing of a civilian in [[Kislovodsk]] in 1942 during his Bergmann leader=
ship&lt;ref&gt;Der Spiegel</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">18 / 1996 &#39;&#39;=
Kriegsverbrehen. Die M=FChlen mahlen langsam&#39;&#39;&lt;/ref&gt;. </span>=
<span lang=3D"EN-US">This time it involved an interrogation of female teach=
er, who was whipped and after refusing to talk about suspected partisant ac=
tivity shot in the breast by Oberl=E4nder, who left her to die. Oberl=E4nde=
r called those allegations &bdquo;Soviet lies&rdquo;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Theodor Oberl=E4n=
der died in [[Bonn]] in 1998.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=3D=3DIn fiction=
=3D=3D</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">*Professor Theodo=
r Oberl=E4nder appears in [[Jonathan Littell]]&#39;s [[docudrama]] &quot;[[=
Les Bienveillantes]]&quot;.</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=3D=3D References=
 =3D=3D</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">* {{PND|118735829=
}} {{de icon}}</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">* [<a href=3D"htt=
p://zeus.zeit.de/text/2001/26/200126_a-lemberg.xml" rel=3D"nofollow" target=
=3D"_blank">http://zeus.zeit.de/text/2001/26/200126_a-lemberg.xml</a> Artic=
le about the events in Lviv/Lemberg] {{de icon}}</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">* [<a href=3D"htt=
p://www.ursulahomann.de/JudenInMecklenburgVorpommern/kap005.html" rel=3D"no=
follow" target=3D"_blank">http://www.ursulahomann.de/JudenInMecklenburgVorp=
ommern/kap005.html</a> Fate of the Jews in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Oberl=
=E4nder&#39;s involvement] {{de icon}}</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">* [<a href=3D"http:/=
/people.freenet.de/Transsylvania/Oberlaender.html" rel=3D"nofollow" target=
=3D"_blank">http://people.freenet.de/Transsylvania/Oberlaender.html</a> Ext=
racts from &#39;&#39; &quot;Grenzlandpolitik&quot; und Ostforschung an der =
Peripherie des Reiches. Das ostpreussische Masuren 1919-1945&#39;&#39; by A=
ndreas Kossert] {{de icon}}</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">&lt;references/&gt; =
</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">{{DEFAULTSORT:Oberl=
=E4nder, Theodor}}</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"EN-US">[[Category:1905 b=
irths]]</span>
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eaths]]</span>
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 from Meiningen]]</span>
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]</span>
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sity of Greifswald faculty]]</span>
</p><div><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;</span></div>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">[[de:Theodor Oberl=E4nde=
r]]</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">[[no:Theodor Oberl=
=E4nder]]</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">[[pl:Theodor Oberl=
=E4nder]]</span>
</p><p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span lang=3D"DE">[[sv:Theodor Oberl=
=E4nder]]</span>
</p><p><span lang=3D"DE">&nbsp;</span><br><br>
</p><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2009/8/26 Molobo Molobo <span dir=3D"ltr">&l=
t;<a rel=3D"nofollow">molobus@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span><br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, =
204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">I completed Oberl=
ander article regarding:<br><a href=3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor=
_Oberl%C3%A4nder" rel=3D"nofollow" target=3D"_blank">http://en.wikipedia.or=
g/wiki/Theodor_Oberl%C3%A4nder</a><br>
<br>The article is attached in doc format. It will be copied to the next em=
ail for those of you who don&#39;t use mail in the discussion group. You ca=
n paste and copy it, although if you want to check spelling and references =
formating be my guest. In one case I couldn&#39;t get the reference to work=
 properly at all and had to manually copy it several times(I don&#39;t know=
 why :/ )<br>
<br><br></blockquote></div><br><br>-----Inline Attachment Follows-----<br><=
br>
<div>_______________________________________________<br>Wikipedia statistic=
s discussion list<br><a rel=3D"nofollow">folks@wikipedometer.net</a><br><a =
href=3D"http://wikipedometer.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/folks" rel=3D"nof=
ollow" target=3D"_blank">http://wikipedometer.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/=
folks</a><br>
</div></div></div></blockquote></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div></div><d=
iv class=3D"h5"><br><br>-----Inline Attachment Follows-----<br><br>
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