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# The Global Intelligence Files

On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.

## Re: discussion - the eurozone's doozy step

Released on 2012-02-29 18:00 GMT

Email-ID | 4568398
Date | 2011-11-01 15:49:40
From | adriano.bosoni@stratfor.com
To | analysts@stratfor.com

I think that P may be looking for internal legitimacy: the successive
austerity plans imposed by the EU and the IMF have undermined his
administration. Strikes and demonstrations, sometimes violent, are the
order of the day. But the atmosphere is rare: 60% of Greeks see the
Brussels-imposed measures as "negative" according to a poll published on
Saturday. But in the same survey, over 70% of people said they want Greece
to stay in the euro zone.
On 11/1/11 9:02 AM, Christoph Helbling wrote:
Does anybody know why Papandreou made this announcement? I can't find
any explanation. Apparently he didn't even tell his finance minister.
Papandreou also lost a MP over this issue.
On 11/1/11 8:30 AM, Peter Zeihan wrote:
aye - and until we know the actual wording of the referendum we
shouldn't jump to many conclusions, esp since (as powers has pointed
out repeatedly) default means that austerity is coming anyway it'd
just be structured somewhat differently
that said, a referendum cracks open some possibilities that heretofore
didn't exist
On 11/1/11 8:17 AM, Matthew Powers wrote:
I think we should be careful in assuming the referendum fails.
While that certainly seems like the most likely outcome, the Greek
government has a few months to paint a doomsday scenario of what
leaving the Euro will mean. The most recent polling data is a mixed
bag, with some indicators suggesting the Greeks would vote against a
referendum, and some indicating they may support it. The austerity
and other conditions are very unpleasant, but default and all that
comes with it is hardly an enticing option.
Peter Zeihan wrote:
The Greeks are going to have a referendum on the austerity/bailout
program, which is in essence a vote on whether to stay in the euro
and honor their debts or not. Barring some very creative
campaigning I find it unlikely it will pass. Greece may be about
to vote itself out of the eurozone.
If that's the case, then Europe's got about three months to
prepare. Yes its a bit doomsday, but actually having a very clear
deadline like that might be just what the doctor ordered. They
know exactly how long they've got and exactly what the problem is
both in scale and scope.
On 11/1/11 4:25 AM, Benjamin Preisler wrote:
This will be really exciting. I guess they kind of have to do it
though. The deal offered to them might be economically
semi-attractive, it also signs away Greek sovereignty for an
undetermined amount of years though. If Greece says no, it'll
probably have to leave the Eurozone, in other words the EU,
though. And good look on those interest rates after that
Portugal, Spain and Italy. This is crazy, crazy stuff, it also
took back decision-making on this affair back to Athens for the
first time since arguably the first bailout package - either
temporarily or for good I would say, for better or for worse.
On 11/01/2011 03:06 AM, Peter Zeihan wrote:
Well this'll get exciting
On Oct 31, 2011, at 9:01 PM, Michael Wilson
<michael.wilson@stratfor.com> wrote:
Some clarity from these articles. The referendum won't be
until next year, probably January. But there will be a vote
on whether to have the referendum, this week, on Friday, and
it will be tied to a confidence vote which he is expected to
pass with 3 votes
Greek PM gambles on referendum for new debt deal; vote
expected early 2012
http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/markets/greek-prime-minister-calls-referendum-on-new-debt-deal-no-date-given/2011/10/31/gIQA5NdjZM_story.html
By Associated Press, Updated: Monday, October 31, 4:39 PM
ATHENS, Greece - Taking a huge political gamble, Greece's
prime minister announced Monday that his debt-strapped
country will hold a referendum on the new European debt deal
reached last week - the first such vote in 37 years.
Prime Minister George Papandreou appeared to take many
lawmakers by surprise by saying that a hard-bargained
agreement that took months for Europe's leaders to hammer
out will be put to a public ballot.
He gave no date or other details on the proposed referendum,
which would be the first in Greece since 1974, when the
monarchy was abolished by a landslide vote months after the
collapse of a military dictatorship.
"This will be the referendum: The citizen will be called
upon to say a big `yes' or a big `no' to the new loan
arrangement," Papandreou told Socialist members of
parliament. "This is a supreme act of democracy and of
patriotism for the people to make their own decision ... We
have a duty to promote the role and the responsibility of
the citizen."
The move allows Socialist lawmakers - who have been vilified
by an increasingly hostile public during months of strikes,
sit-ins and violent protests over rounds of austerity
measures - to pass the responsibility for the country's fate
to the Greek people themselves.
Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos, a constitutional law
professor, said the referendum was called after opposition
parties repeatedly failed to side with the government in
negotiations between Greece and other eurozone members.
"Greece is living through a drama, from which it must be
released by asking the people to express its will,"
Venizelos told parliament.
"Each citizen will make his own decision, with
responsibility, in a process that will provide a national
sense of relief and recovery."
Later he told private Antenna television: "It is very clear:
The new agreement will be submitted to parliament for
approval and then submitted to the judgment of the Greek
people ... the Greek people can of course say `no' but must
bear in mind the consequences of that decision."
Venizelos indicated the referendum would be held early next
year, after weeks of complex negotiations to finalize
details of the new agreement.
The new debt deal aims to seek 50 percent losses for private
holders of Greek bonds and provide the troubled eurozone
member with EUR100 billion ($140 billion) in additional
rescue loans.
Papandreou's government has seen its majority reduced to
just three seats in parliament and its approval ratings
plummet amid harsh austerity measures that are sending the
country into a fourth year of recession in 2012.
The EU statistics agency Eurostat estimated in a report
issued Monday that unemployment in Greece reached 17.6
percent in July - even higher than the Greek estimate for
that month of 16.5 percent.
"This is just the latest twist in the unfolding Greek
tragedy," said Sony Kapoor, managing director of Re-Define,
a London-based think tank.
"With an irresponsible opposition that is promising Greek
voters the moon, it is very difficult to see how this
referendum could be won under the ongoing gut-wrenching
austerity."
Greece calls referendum on EU bail-out
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/68748490-03f5-11e1-98bc-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1cPlCODKu
Last updated: October 31, 2011 10:46 pm
By Kerin Hope in Athens, Peter Spiegel in Brussels and Telis
Demos in New York
Greek Prime Minister George PapandreouGetty
Greece's prime minister unexpectedly announced a referendum
to approve a second EU bail-out deal for his austerity-hit
country, less than a week after it was agreed with
international creditors at a European Union summit.
George Papandreou made the pledge on Monday night in a
speech to lawmakers in his fractious PanHellenic Socialist
Movement (Pasok) party but did not set a specific date for
the vote.
"We have faith in our citizens, we believe in their judgment
and therefore in their decision," Mr Papandreou said after
rejecting a call for early elections by some socialist
politicians. "All the country's political forces should
support the [bail-out] agreement. The citizens will do the
same once they are fully informed."
The premier's move reinforced concerns that Greece's fraught
domestic politics are spiralling out of control amid growing
popular anger over public sector job cuts and tax increases.
Strikes and violent demonstrations have become frequent in
Athens and other cities.
The referendum also looked likely to cause alarm in
Brussels, Paris and Berlin after Mr Papandreou's assurances
at Wednesday's summit that Greece was determined to maintain
a steady pace of reform.
Thanks to some help from the European Commission, we have a
bit more clarity on where European leaders will be spending
the new EUR130bn in Greek bail-out aid
One senior EU official told the Financial Times that Mr
Papandreou had appeared reticent about the components of the
bail-out package during talks at last week's summit of EU
presidents and prime ministers but no one was prepared for
the referendum announcement that came "like a bolt out of
the blue".
"I don't think anyone expected this," the official said.
"The calculation has to be this is the only way [Papandreou]
believes he can get this through."
"With an irresponsible opposition that is promising Greek
voters the moon, it is very difficult to see how this
referendum could be won," added Sony Kapoor, head of
Re-Define, an economic consultancy. "The decision is good
for democracy but is likely to make the euro crisis worse by
heightening uncertainty in this very fragile environment."
The announcement exacerbated declines in the euro and
equities, as investors feared that angry Greek voters could
derail the painstakingly negotiated plan.
The euro fell to a session low of $1.3827, down more than 2
per cent on the day and erasing its gains from last week,
when the deal was first announced. US stocks accelerated
their decline as well, with the S&P 500 index ending the day
down 2.5 per cent. It was the index's worst one-day fall in
nearly a month, ending what had been stocks' best month
since 1991, with a gain of 10.7 per cent, on a sour note.
An opinion poll published on Sunday showed that more than 60
per cent of Greeks were opposed to the terms of the new
bail-out, which would include another 100,000 job losses
over the next three years and big cuts in pensions.
The vote would probably be held in January, when Greek
bondholders were expected to sign up for a voluntary 50 per
cent haircut being negotiated with the International
Institute of Finance, wrapping up the new bail-out package.
One Athens banker said: "This is a worrying decision by the
prime minister. It could derail the whole process even
before it's properly started."
The premier also announced that a vote of confidence in his
government would be held this week to endorse the referendum
proposal. That vote would follow a three-day debate on
Greece's worsening economic and social problems
Antonis Samaras, the conservative opposition leader,
immediately rejected the proposal, arguing that a referendum
was "not the way out".
"The only option is elections and, like Ireland and
Portugal, to request the obviously necessary changes in the
bail-out agreement," he added, referring to proposals by
leaders of the two other eurozone member states that are
implementing EU-IMF programmes.
Mr Papandreou said this year he might call a referendum on
reforms of Greece's political system but ruled out a vote on
its relationship with the eurozone. His sudden reversal came
as a shock, according to party officials. "This is another
upset in a situation that is already volatile," one said.
Greece to Hold Referendum on New Debt Deal
By NIKI KITSANTONIS and RACHEL DONADIO
Published: October 31, 2011
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/europe/greece-to-hold-referendum-on-new-debt-deal.html
ATHENS - In a surprise move that jolted Europe and put his
political future in play, Prime Minister George A.
Papandreou announced Monday that his government would hold a
referendum on a new aid package for Greece, putting
austerity measures - and potentially membership in the euro
zone - to a popular vote for the first time.
Analysts said the vote on the austerity package did not
immediately threaten the comprehensive agreement reached by
European leaders last week to shore up the euro zone. More
likely, they said, a rejection by the voters would be
treated as a vote of no confidence in the government and
lead to early elections.
But the decision to go ahead with the vote introduces a note
of uncertainty in what had seemed to be a done deal. The
anxiety stirred up by those fears hammered United States
financial markets on Monday, showing once again how the
domestic politics of even the smallest members of the
European Union can create troubles that not only threaten
the currency but reverberate around the globe.
Addressing lawmakers on Monday evening, Mr. Papandreou said
the decision on whether to adopt the deal, which includes
fresh financial assistance, debt relief and deeply unpopular
austerity measures, properly belonged to the Greek people.
"Let us allow the people to have the last word, let them
decide on the country's fate," he said.
The move was widely seen as an effort by Mr. Papandreou to
shore up his flagging political fortunes and to avoid the
instability of early elections. The center-right opposition
has opposed the bulk of the austerity program, and the prime
minister's popular support has dwindled as Greeks have been
hit by a seemingly endless series of tax increases and wage
and pension cuts.
A referendum would in effect shift responsibility for the
nation's painful economic choices from Mr. Papandreou's
Socialist Party onto the public.
By framing the debate as one of continuing to use the euro
or returning to the drachma, the move also appeared to give
the Greek government a bit more breathing room - and
leverage - in negotiations with Europe over the debt deal,
proving that a matter that some in Germany had hoped had
been settled last week still had the potential to be
reopened.
"It's not motivated by the intention of some sort of
brinkmanship with Europe, but it may have this sort of
positive or negative effect," said George Pagoulatos, a
professor of European politics and economy at the Athens
University of Economics and Business. "It raises the stakes.
It's about, `Will we remain in the euro with a lower public
debt or will we lose everything that we will achieve?' "
At a time when Mr. Papandreou is under intense political and
social pressure, including from members of his own Socialist
Party, the move was seen as the last card he could play.
It was still unclear how the referendum question would be
posed, but Mr. Papandreou said the vote would be on whether
Greeks supported the debt deal and the program of austerity
measures in exchange for foreign aid.
The stakes are extremely high. A no vote would not only be
likely to bring down the Greek government, it could break
the deal between Greece and its so-called troika of foreign
lenders - the European Union, European Central Bank and
International Monetary Fund - which have demanded structural
changes and austerity measures in exchange for aid.
Without the aid, Greece would not be able to meet its
expenses and would default on its debt, and send shockwaves
through the euro zone and the world economy.
Mr. Papandreou also said that he would seek a parliamentary
vote of confidence in his administration, just four months
after winning a similar vote before pushing an earlier batch
of austerity measures into law. The vote of confidence is
expected to be held on Friday evening, and Mr. Papandreou is
expected to squeak by with his narrow three-vote majority in
Parliament.
Government officials said the referendum would probably be
held in January, essentially buying the government time
while the details of the debt deal are hammered out.
Addressing lawmakers on Monday evening, Finance Minister
Evangelos Venizelos raised the stakes further by framing the
debate as one of Greece staying in the euro zone - the group
of 17 European Union countries that use the euro. "It's for
the people to decide to stay in Europe or go back to the
drachma," he said.
Takis Michas, a political analyst and the project director
of Forum for Greece, an Athens research institute, said
posing the question this way was "a master stroke on behalf
of Papandreou in the sense it is forcing the various parties
to take a very responsible position."
"If he succeeds in framing the issue as being one of
remaining in the euro zone, obviously he is going to get a
huge yes," Mr. Michas added. "But it depends on whether he
can frame the question in those terms."
Under the Greek Constitution, the government must propose
the language of the referendum, which would need to be
approved by Parliament and then by the president.
Some analysts said the referendum was an invitation for
instability. "People are very discontented with him
personally and toward his economic policy, and in these
kinds of circumstances when the debate is very passionate
and things are tense, holding a referendum could be risky,"
said Alexis Papahelas, the editor of the center-right daily
Kathimerini.
"If the referendum fails, obviously everything will be in
disarray," he added. "Probably we will go to elections, but
we have a very big chance that the country would go into a
disorderly default."
Last Thursday, after European leaders and the International
Monetary Fund had finally reached an accord, Mr. Papandreou
had hailed "a new day for Europe and for Greece." But the
deal has proved broadly unpopular among Greeks, who do not
understand how it will translate into immediate relief.
Papandreou Calls on Greeks to Back EU Debt Accord in
Referendum
October 31, 2011, 9:05 PM EDT
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-10-31/papandreou-calls-on-greeks-to-back-eu-debt-accord-in-referendum.html
Nov. 1 (Bloomberg) -- Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou
said voters will give him support to forge ahead with
economic reforms as he pledged a referendum on the European
Union's latest accord on the nation's financing.
"For the new agreement, we must go to a referendum for
Greeks to decide," Papandreou told lawmakers of his ruling
socialist Pasok party in statements carried live yesterday
from Athens on state-run Vouli TV. "Democracy is alive and
well and Greeks are being called to rise to a national duty
beyond the regular electoral processes."
Papandreou's gambit risks pushing the country into default
if rejected by voters, and raises the ante with dissidents
inside his own party. Papandreou's popularity has plunged
after a raft of austerity measures cut pensions and wages,
increased taxes and sparked a wave of social unrest. An
opinion poll published Oct. 29 showed most Greeks believe
the accord on a new bailout package and a debt writedown is
negative.
"Papandreou could lose the referendum, which means that new
elections would have to be called," Thomas Costerg, European
economist at Standard Chartered Bank in London, said in an
e-mail. "Heightened Greek uncertainty could propagate to
other fragile euro-area countries, in particular Italy."
Most of the 1,009 people surveyed on Oct. 27, the day the
agreement was announced, said the accord should be put to a
referendum, according to the results of the Kapa Research SA
poll, published in To Vima newspaper. Forty-six percent said
they'd oppose the plan at such a referendum. In the same
poll, more than seven in 10 favored Greece remaining in the
euro.
Confidence Vote
Papandreou also told lawmakers he'll seek a vote of
confidence in parliament. The referendum will likely be held
after details of the EU accord are wound up, Papandreou
said. The vote of confidence will begin tomorrow and
conclude late on Nov. 4, according to statements yesterday
by House Speaker Filipos Petsalnikos.
EU leaders carved out a second aid package for Greece at a
summit in Brussels lasting into the early hours of Oct. 27,
after Papandreou scraped together parliamentary approval for
the second round of austerity measures in four months.
Greece will receive 130 billion euros ($180 billion) in
public funds plus a 50 percent writedown on Greek debt,
following a fully taxpayer- funded package of 110 billion
euros extended in May 2010.
Venizelos's View
"I can no longer look at polls where the majority is against
the agreement, the majority is against the program, but a
majority is also in favor of staying in the euro," Finance
Minister Evangelos Venizelos said on Antenna TV after
Papandreou announced his decision. A "no" vote at the
referendum would lead to "developments" that the government
would assess, Venizelos said.
Papandreou, whose term ends in 2013, is seeking renewed
support to push through measures including job cuts to turn
around an economy that is set to shrink 5.5 percent this
year. The program involves new taxes and cuts in spending to
plug the EU's second-biggest budget gap.
The state budget deficit widened to 19.2 billion euros in
the January to end-September period from 16.7 billion euros
a year earlier, according to an e-mailed statement from the
Athens-based Finance Ministry yesterday.
Opposition parties repeated their call for elections.
Papandreou's plans are "reckless" and put Greece's EU
membership at risk, lead opposition New Democracy party
spokesman Yiannis Michelakis said.
`Dangerous'
Papandreou "has tossed Greece's future in Europe in the air
like a coin," Michelakis said in an e-mailed statement from
ND's Athens offices yesterday. "He is dangerous and must go.
There is a solution: elections now. It's the safest
`referendum.'"
Papandreou now has just a three-seat majority in parliament
and won approval for his latest austerity package amid
protests that left one person dead. The budget measures
prompted a near- rebellion in Papandreou's party and
violence in the streets.
The New Democracy party, led by Antonis Samaras, would win
22 percent of the vote in elections, with Papandreou's Pasok
party receiving 14.7 percent, and neither getting enough to
form a majority in Parliament, according to the Kapa poll.
More than 26 percent of voters said they were undecided on
who to back. The margin of error is 3.09 percentage points.
Separately, the International Swaps and Derivatives
Association said that the euro-area proposals for Greek
bonds appear to involve "a voluntary exchange that would not
be binding on all holders," according to an e-mailed
statement.
"As such, it does not appear to be likely that the euro zone
proposal will trigger payments under existing CDS
contracts," the statement said. "However, whether or not it
does so will be decided by the Determinations Committee on
the basis of specific facts, if a request is made to them."
The ISDA statement late yesterday follows a review of
whether the proposal would constitute a "credit event" for
holders of credit-default swaps linked to the securities.
--With assistance from Jennifer Ryan in London and Antonis
Galanopoulos in Athens. Editors: Digby Lidstone, Craig
Stirling, Kevin Costelloe
To contact the reporters responsible for this story: Maria
Petrakis in Athens at mpetrakis@bloomberg.net; Natalie Weeks
in Athens at nweeks2@bloomberg.net; Marcus Bensasson in
Athens at mbensasson@bloomberg.net
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Tim
Quinson at tquinson@bloomberg.net
Greek PM calls referendum on new EU aid deal
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/31/us-greece-referendum-idUSTRE79U5PQ20111031
By Dina Kyriakidou and Harry Papachristou
ATHENS | Mon Oct 31, 2011 6:50pm EDT
(Reuters) - Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou called an
unexpected referendum on Monday on the EU bailout deal for
his debt-ridden country, a move that could necessitate a
snap election if a public angry with swinging austerity
measures rejects the deal.
Pressured by his own lawmakers to share the heavy political
burden of belt-tightening with other parties, Papandreou
said he needed wider political support for the fiscal
measures and structural reforms required by international
lenders.
"We trust citizens, we believe in their judgment, we believe
in their decision," he told ruling Socialist party deputies.
"In a few weeks the (EU) agreement will be a new loan
contract... we must spell out if we are accepting it or if
we are rejecting it."
Analysts said holding a referendum was a baffling decision,
given that the latest survey showed a majority of Greeks
taking a negative view of the bailout deal.
Opposition parties reacted angrily, accusing Papandreou of
looking for a way out for his embattled party by dragging
Greece, which has seen violent clashes between protesters
and riot police, through a lengthy period of political
instability.
The euro extended losses against the dollar after the
announcement, tumbling more than 2 percent to a session low.
Papandreou, grappling with Greece's worst financial crisis
in 40 years, had discussed holding a referendum but many
people were shocked at the prospect of weary, disgruntled
citizens being asked to decide whether to accept or reject
the bailout.
"Mr. Papandreou is dangerous, he tosses Greece's EU
membership like a coin in the air," said conservative
opposition New Democracy party spokesman Yannis Michelakis.
"He cannot govern and instead of withdrawing honorably, he
dynamites everything."
New Democracy leader Antonis Samaras will visit President
Karolos Papoulias on Tuesday to discuss developments and
push for snap elections, party officials said.
Weekend polls showed most Greeks took a negative view of the
decision by euro zone leaders last week to hand
cashed-strapped Athens a second, 130-billion-euro bailout
and a 50-percent write-down on its enormous debt to make it
sustainable.
"I never expected Papandreou to take such a dangerous and
frivolous decision," said Dora Bakoyanni, former foreign
minister and leader of the small center-right Democratic
Alliance party. "Tomorrow all the international media will
say that Greece itself is putting the EU deal at risk."
Germany issued a statement saying the EU was working hard to
put the second Greek aid package in place by the end of the
year and had no comment on the referendum. EU leaders
hammered out the deal last week, fearing the Greek debt
crisis would speed to other euro zone countries and shake
global markets.
"If there was to be a referendum, we may reasonably conclude
that they may not accept the austerity measures. We may
conclude that it will bring the pack of cards tumbling
down," said Howard Wheeldon, senior strategist at BGC
Partners in London.
Papandreou also said he would ask for a vote of confidence
to secure support for his policy for the rest of his
four-year term, which expires in 2013.
Analysts said he was likely to win that, despite dissent
among his parliamentary team. He was forced to expel a
senior party member for voting against part of his latest
austerity package and others warned him it was the last time
they would vote for measures they did not believe in.
Parliament officials said the confidence debate would begin
on Wednesday, with a vote on Thursday or Friday.
LEGALITY QUESTIONED
Papandreou said the referendum would ask Greeks whether or
not they agreed to the deal and would take place in a few
weeks. Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos told Greek TV it
would probably be held early next year.
But parliamentarians questioned its legality under the
constitution, which does not allow referendums on economic
issues, only on matters of great national importance.
The last time Greeks held a referendum was in December 1974,
when they voted to abolish the monarchy shortly after the
collapse of a military dictatorship.
"It's debatable whether the constitution allows such a
referendum," said Fotis Kouvelis, leader of the small
Democratic Left party. "The country must go to early
elections. Given the situation, it's the most honorable
solution."
For a referendum result to be binding, there must be a
minimum 40 percent turnout on issues of "crucial national
importance" and 50 percent on a law that has already been
voted on in parliament and "regulates a serious social
issue," according to legislation enacted earlier this year.
It was not clear which option the government would favor.
"If the referendum answer is no, Papandreou has to resign,"
said Costas Panagopoulos, an analyst at polling firm Alco.
"In the meantime what will happen with the decisions the EU
took last week? I cannot understand what the prime minister
wants to do. It could be the only way he has to leave the
government, to share responsibility."
Nearly 60 percent of Greeks view Thursday's EU summit
agreement on the new bailout package as negative or probably
negative, a survey showed on Saturday.
Several lawmakers have defected from Papandreou's Socialist
party over the packages of austerity measures enacted to
qualify for bailout payments under last year's aid
agreement, and the party trails in opinion polls.
New Democracy is rising fast in opinion polls, but no party
would win outright if polls were held now, leading to
coalition governments or repeated elections.
"The prime minister is obviously stuck in a dead end and he
is leading the country down a very dangerous slope," said
far right LAOS party MP Makis Voridis.
Greek Vote Threatens Bailout
Premier Calls for Surprise Referendum Days After European
Leaders OK Aid Deal
EUROPE NEWS
NOVEMBER 1, 2011
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204394804577010091283798750.html
By ALKMAN GRANITSAS, MARCUS WALKER and COSTAS PARIS
ATHENS-Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou stunned Europe
by announcing a referendum on his country's latest bailout-a
high-stakes gamble that could undermine the international
effort to preserve the euro.
A "yes" vote in the referendum could deflate the massive
street protests and strikes that threaten to paralyze Greece
as it tries to enact a brutal austerity program to earn
rescue loans from the euro zone and the International
Monetary Fund.
A "no" vote, however, could bring down the government and
cut off international funding for Greece, leaving the
country facing a financial meltdown. The government expects
to hold the referendum in January.
Some Greek government officials believe a defeat in the
referendum could propel their country out of the euro zone.
Many European policy makers fear that a messy Greek default
could spark a financial-market panic that would particularly
affect Italy, a major European economy that's already
struggling to retain investors' trust.
Mr. Papandreou's dramatic announcement, which he delivered
late Monday in a speech to lawmakers, renders the outcome of
Europe's debt crisis more uncertain than ever. It comes less
than a week after euro-zone leaders agreed on a
"comprehensive package" of measures to keep Greece afloat,
reassure financial markets and stabilize the region. That
agreement was supposed to ensure that Athens avoids a
unilateral debt default, restructures its debts in
cooperation with bondholders, and cuts its budget deficit
further in return for a EUR130 billion ($180 billion)
bailout.
With the fate of the deal in the lap of Greek voters, the
euro crisis is likely to dominate this week's summit of the
Group of 20 leading global economies in Cannes, France. For
months, the U.S. government has been pressing Europe to
resolve the two-year-old Greek debt crisis, which is
undermining investor confidence in ever-growing swaths of
the euro currency zone. The lingering uncertainty, in turn,
has hurt confidence in global financial markets, and the
looming referendum will only accentuate that.
The announcement in Athens roiled financial markets late
Monday, pushing the euro down 2.1% against the dollar to
$1.3859, the European currency's biggest one-day slide in
six months. Already-weak U.S. stocks sank further into the
red. The Dow Jones Industrial Average suffered its worst
daily decline in a month, falling 276.10 points, or 2.26%,
to 11955.01. "Maybe the [Greek bailout] deal is in
jeopardy," said Stephen Leuer, a floor trader at X-FA
trading. "Any sort of doubt is definitely going to set us
back," he said, adding that U.S. markets are "very
sensitive" to news from Europe at present.
Greece's embattled leader decided to go for a referendum as
a way of shoring up support for the drastic government
spending cuts and tax hikes that his country's parlous
finances have forced him to enact, Greek officials say.
Mr. Papandreou, who inherited a fiscal mess after winning
election in 2009 as head of a Socialist administration, has
had to slash Greeks' cherished welfare entitlements to
please the country's international creditors, in the face of
opposition from labor unions and parts of his own party.
Prime Minister George Papandreou announces a referendum on a
debt deal.
The mild-mannered, U.S.-born premier floated the idea of a
referendum earlier this year as public hostility to
austerity mounted, but he backed off amid fears that such a
move would be destabilizing for Greece and for Europe.
In recent weeks, however, public and parliamentary patience
with austerity and an ever-deepening recession has stretched
thin, weakening Mr. Papandreou's authority.
The government needs a stronger democratic mandate to
implement last week's bailout agreement with Europe and the
IMF, Mr. Papandreou told a stunned audience of Socialist
lawmakers on Monday. For that, he said, "we need to go to a
referendum."
The question put to voters will be simple, he said: "Do we
want to adopt the new agreement? Or do we want to reject
it?" The popular verdict would be binding, he added. "If the
Greek people do not want it to be implemented, very simply
it won't be implemented."
What would happen next is anything but clear. A binding
voter rejection of Europe's terms for a bailout would leave
euro-zone leaders such as German Chancellor Angela Merkel
and French President Nicolas Sarkozy with a bitter choice.
Either they let Greece default on its EUR355 billion of
public debt, risking panic throughout Europe's
government-bond markets and banking sectors; or they cave in
and offer Greece more generous bailout terms.
Relaxing Greece's bailout terms would anger voters in
Germany and other countries who are already resentful of
having to subsidize Greece, a country that is widely viewed
in Europe as having lived beyond its means for years. It
could also prompt other recipients of rescue loans-Ireland
and Portugal-to demand similarly generous treatment. That,
in turn, would test both the political tolerance and the
financial wherewithal of Europe's core economies to support
weaker euro nations.
A Greek referendum on its bailout, for the first time in the
two-year crisis, would put what many Greeks view as
draconian spending cuts demanded by Athens' international
creditors to a democratic test. The result of the vote could
reverberate around the euro zone, putting pressure on
governments in other European countries that are enacting
austerity measures to stem the debt crisis to ask for their
voters' consent.
Opinion polls suggest Mr. Papandreou faces a struggle to
convince an increasingly angry electorate. A survey
published at the weekend showed that 58.9% of Greeks oppose
last week's European deal; there are fears that the planned
debt restructuring will bring further pain while yielding
few benefits for the country.
The poll, the first since last week's bailout deal was
struck, showed that some 54.2% of Greeks thought a national
referendum should be called to approve the new aid deal,
while only 40% thought Parliament should decide.
However, Mr. Papandreou is betting that voters may approve
the bailout package if they are forced to confront the
alternative of national bankruptcy and a possible exit from
the euro.
Some Greek officials say the referendum question could be
worded in such a way that voters see it as a matter of
Greece's continued euro membership. The recent opinion poll
showed 72.5% of Greeks want to stay in the euro zone. "The
actual meaning of the referendum is a choice between the
euro and the drachma," the traditional Greek currency, a
senior Socialist official said.
In a bid to shore up flagging support within his own party,
Mr. Papandreou also called for a fresh vote of confidence in
his government-just months after narrowly winning such a
vote in June.
On 10/31/11 2:22 PM, Michael Wilson wrote:
vote of confidence and the referendum are two separate
things, not attached. He has already employed the vote of
confidence before and presumably could get it again. This
is why it was so important last week or so when the MP
resigned both party and seat so PASOK could put someone in
who was indebted to the party
The referendum is what im not sure he could win. Also will
be interesting to see which comes first
On 10/31/11 2:15 PM, Kristen Cooper wrote:
Well, if it has a confidence vote attached to it and
fails, Papandreou wouldn't necessarily be the one the EU
is negotiating with. There are a couple different
aspects here, but I don't think this was a move to
negotiate a better deal with the EU. This is as about as
good as deal as they could possibly hope for.
I think with a referendum, he's essentially calling the
public out - "Look, this is the deal I got. Take it or
leave it." If its approved, then you undermine the
legitimacy of the people striking and protesting over
the deal. If if it fails - along with an attached
confidence vote - fails, then that means somebody else
has to come up with a concrete alternative to the plan -
which no one has credibly come forth with yet.
On 10/31/11 2:45 PM, Michael Wilson wrote:
Remember that in September there were reports
(subsequently denied) that they would hold a
referendum on the Euro. This is just a referendum on
the new EU aid deal, but I imagine will serve a
similar political role
If it gets approved he has legitimacy. If it doesnt he
can better negotiate with EU I guess. Scary to think
what happens if its not approved...
Greece says not considering referendum on euro
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/20/greece-referendum-idUSA8E7JO01720110920
ATHENS, Sept 20 | Tue Sep 20, 2011 3:41am EDT
(Reuters) - Greece denied a report on Tuesday that it
was considering holding a referendum on the country's
membership in the euro zone.
Kathimerini daily wrote on Tuesday, citing unnamed
sources, that Prime Minister George Papandreou was
considering calling for a referendum on whether Greece
should continue to tackle its debt crisis within the
euro zone or by exiting the single currency.
The government has long said it was planning a
referendum on political reforms but has repeatedly
denied that it would concern the country's euro
membership.
Asked if the referendum would be about staying in the
euro zone, deputy government spokesman Angelos Tolkas
said: "No. We haven't discussed such an issue,
definitely not."
He said the government had put to parliament on Monday
a bill aimed at allowing the country to hold referenda
but without specifying any issue.
"Yesterday we tabled a bill about referenda ... but we
have not discussed anything more than holding a
referendum." (Reporting by Angeliki Koutantou; writing
by Ingrid Melander; editing by Michael Winfrey)
Greece may hold referendum on euro zone membership:
report
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/20/us-greece-referendum-idUSTRE78J07W20110920
Mon Sep 19, 2011 8:57pm EDT
(Reuters) - Greece may hold a voter referendum on euro
zone membership as a way to strengthen the
government's hand in dealing with the debt crisis
within the euro zone or by exiting the single
currency, the Kathimerini English language newspaper
reported on its website on Tuesday.
Prime Minister George Papandreou is considering
calling for the referendum as pressure has mounted
from all sides with Greece's foreign creditors pushing
for quicker budget cuts, while large-scale citizen
street protests against austerity are held almost
daily, the newspaper said, citing unnamed sources.
A bill to be submitted in parliament, paving the way
for a referendum, is to be discussed in the coming
days, the newspaper added.
For the newspaper website, see: www.ekathimerini.com
Papandreou had earlier resisted any referendum, but
now thinks such a vote could bring a fresh mandate for
his Socialist government to continue with an austerity
drive backed by Greece's international lenders, the
newspaper said.
The cabinet is reportedly split, with several
ministers calling for drastic action including early
elections at an emergency meeting on Sunday, the
newspaper said, while others want to avoid a
referendum or new polls.
(Writing by Ed Layne in Singapore; Editing by Yoko
Nishikawa)
On 10/31/11 1:34 PM, Marc Lanthemann wrote:
Greece to hold referendum on new debt deal
(AP) - 10 minutes ago
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jKv9sosbqxb_nvPl5iOA50fQfTkQ?docId=630021ce8f5d4b55b858d29d616e23c4
ATHENS, Greece (AP) - Greek Prime Minister George
Papandreou says his country will hold a referendum
on a new European debt deal reached last week.
Papandreou gave no date on other details of proposed
referendum on the deal that aims to seek 50 percent
losses for private holders of Greek bonds and
provide the troubled eurozone member with euro100
billion ($140 billion) in additional rescue loans.
Papandreou, addressing Socialist members of
parliament Monday, also said he would seek a vote of
confidence in parliament.
His Socialist government has seen its majority
reduced to just three seats in parliament and its
approval ratings plummet amid harsh austerity
measures that are likely to send the country into a
fourth year of recession in 2012.
Papandreou calls for referendum in Greece
Mon, Oct 31 2011, 18:18 GMT | FXstreet.com
http://www.fxstreet.com/news/forex-news/article.aspx?storyid=5ede6cce-fa68-4d8a-a580-14808203a3ad
FXstreet.com (Cordoba) - The Prime Minister of
Greece, George Papandreou called for a referendum to
ask whether to accept the new bailout or not. He
said he will call for a vote of confidence and
rejected elections.
It was reported also that the PM mentioned that the
government may need to nationalize some banks in
order to recapitalized them. After a period of time
the banks would be privatized.
Papandreou Says EU Decisions Will Relieve Greece of
Debt Burden
October 31, 2011, 1:43 PM EDT
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-10-31/papandreou-says-eu-decisions-will-relieve-greece-of-debt-burden.html
Oct. 31 (Bloomberg) -- Greek Prime Minister George
Papandreou said the country had secured a "historic
decision" at last week's summit of European Union
leaders that will allow Greece to "look to our
future" with less uncertainty.
"The EU summit decisions open up a new era for
Europe and a new era for Greece," Papandreou said in
comments to ruling party lawmakers in Athens
televised on state-run Vouli TV today. The decisions
taken by EU leaders early on Oct. 27 will reduce
Greece's debt by about 100 billion euros, Papandreou
said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Marcus
Bensasson in Athens at mbensasson@bloomberg.net
Papandreou Says Greek Elections to be Held in 2013
as Scheduled
October 31, 2011, 1:55 PM EDT
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-10-31/papandreou-says-greek-elections-to-be-held-in-2013-as-scheduled.html
Oct. 31 (Bloomberg) -- Greek Prime Minister George
Papandreou said his government faced a challenge to
exploit the window of opportunity provided by the
decisions taken last week by European Union leaders
on a second financing package for the country.
Papandreou said the priority was to "lock in" the
decisions of the summit. He said elections would be
held as scheduled in 2013. He spoke in Athens in
comments televised live on state-run Vouli TV.
On 10/31/11 1:22 PM, Marc Lanthemann wrote:
Greece to call referendum on new EU aid deal
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/31/us-greece-referendum-idUSTRE79U5PQ20111031
ATHENS | Mon Oct 31, 2011 2:09pm EDT
(Reuters) - The Greek government will hold a
referendum on a new EU aid package, calling on
voters to say whether they want to adopt it or
not, Prime Minister George Papandreou said on
Monday.
"We trust citizens, we believe in their judgment,
we believe in their decision," he told ruling
socialist party lawmakers.
Nearly 60 percent of Greeks view Thursday's EU
summit agreement on a new 130 billion euro bailout
package as negative or probably negative, a survey
showed on Saturday.
--
Marc Lanthemann
Watch Officer
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