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# The Global Intelligence Files

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## Re: DISCUSSION - Responses to the ICJ Opinion

Released on 2012-08-18 22:00 GMT

Email-ID | 1176624
Date | 2010-07-28 21:26:32
From | gfriedman@stratfor.com
To | analysts@stratfor.com
List-Name | analysts@stratfor.com

this is a great starting point
Marko Papic wrote:
This research is in response to the Intelligence Guidance, which asked
us to do a sweep of secessionist regions and see how they responded to
the ruling. Not everyone responded to the ruling yet, but we did a sweep
of most secessionist regions anyways.
This is not a proposal for an analysis. I want everyone to have access
to the research we conducted. Especially the MONITORS and WOs because we
want to make sure that we pick up on any statements from any region on
the ICJ opinion (see the list of regions below).
If this were to lead to an analysis the only angle I can see it the fact
that the media is concentrating on the wrong regions. The media is
concentrating on this story in terms of what it means for
Nagorno-Kharabah, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Transdniestria, etc. However,
I think the focus on the FSU is misplaced. The ICJ opinion and legal
legitimacy will have the least impact on regions in the FSU, where it is
all about foreign patronage (Russia) and capacity (can you defend your
sovereignty). It is in Western Europe and the Balkans that the decision
will have the most impact. Balkans because of direct applicability for
Republika Srpska in BiH and the Albanians in Macedonia, Western Europe
because an ICJ opinion and legal legitimacy carries much more weight in
Spain or UK than it does in Azerbaijan or Russia.
Classification of Secessionist Regions (example in brackets):
TIER I - Quietly Simmering - Yes, secessionism is an idea, but the
region has no interest in pursuing it at this time. It could stir up at
some point in the future if the conditions are right, or change.
(Serbian Krajina)
TIER II - Secessionism active, but weak - Secessionism is more than just
a distant idea - if not the outright stated goal - but the region has no
means of pursuing it, it is too weak. (Basque Region)
TIER III - Active Secessionism (without violence) - Secessionism is the
stated goal, but the region will not use violence to pursue it.
(Catalonia)
TIER IV - Active Secessionism (with possible violence) - Secessionism is
the stated goal and violence is potential (or active) means by which
country will pursue it. (Republika Srpska)
TIER V - The region is de-facto independent (South Ossetia)
LIST OF EXAMINED REGIONS (* denotes that they did make a statement about
ICJ Opinion)
TIER I
Croatia - Serbian Krajina
Spain - Galicia
Serbia - Vojvodina
Finland/Sweden/Norway - Sami-land
Italy - Lombardy
Russia - Tatarstan * (statement was not by anyone official)
TIER II
Bosnia - Western Herzegovina
Spain - Basque Country *
Ukraine - Carpathian Ruthenia
Serbia - Sandzak
Ukraine - Crimea
Romania - Szekler Land *
TIER III
Belgium (by which we mean both Flemish and Walloon regions, really the
entire country)
Denmark - Greenland
Spain - Catalonia *
U.K. - Scotland *
Denmark - Faroe Islands
TIER IV
Bosnia - Republika Srpska *
Moldova - Transdniestria *
Macedonia - Albanian region*
Russia - Chechnya
Russia - Dagestan
Russia - Ingushetia
Russia - Kabardino-Balkaria
Russia - Bashkortostan
Russia - Adygea
Russia - Karachai-Cherkessia
Russia - North Ossetia
Serbia - North Kosovo *
Azerbaijan - Nagorno Karabakh *
Georgia - Adjara
Georgia - Samtskhe-Javaheti
TIER V (secession over, violence still possible)
Georgia - South Ossetia *
Georgia - Abkhazia *
TIER I
CROATIA - Serbian Krajina:
Population: Potentially 400,000 (based on figures from 1991-1995), but
due to ethnic cleansing, forced expulsion/migration and difficulty in
returning, less today. According to the Croatian 2001 census, there are
around 201,631 Serbs in Croatia. (http://www.dzs.hr/)
Popular support for independence: Low. Serbs in Croatia today are trying
to fight for return of around 200,000 refugees from BiH and Serbia. The
main Serbian party in Croatia, the Independent Democratic Serbian Party
(SDSS), is party of the center-right nationalist government, with
Slobodan Uzelac a Croatian Vice PM.
Background: Krajina Serbs rebelled against Croatia in 1990 because the
new Croatian constitution removed Serbs as a "constitutive nation" of
Croatia and made them just one of the national minorities, along with
Italians and Hungarians. The rebellion ended with Operation "Storm" in
1995 when majority of Krajina Serbs fled from the region along with the
retreating Serbian army.
Current Status: Dissolved. "Government in exile" in Serbia. The
government in exile was most active in 2005-2006 period. It was
formulated in 2005, largely it seems as a PR stunt by the Serbian
Radical Party (SRS). It has since issued statements here or there, such
as recognizing South Ossetia and Abkhazia in 2008. However, their
website and forum are largely dormant, certainly since 2007.
(http://www.vladarsk.com/)
Comments on ICJ opinion: None
Serbia Vojvodina
Population: Just over 2 million, with about 290,000 Hungarians (14% of
the province).
(http://web.stratfor.com/images/europe/Hungarians-800.jpg?fn=5116103054)
Popular support for independence: Very low. Hungarians make up just 14
percent of the population. However, there is support for autonomy. Serbs
in Vojvodina feel that with autonomy they have greater opportunities.
Vojvodina is the richest part of Serbia.
Current status: The adoption of the Vojvodina Statute on Autonomy at the
end of 2009 satisfied the Serbs and to large extent Hungarians in
Vojvodina. The statute returns Vojvodina the autonomy that was taken
from it by Milosevic in the 1990. Hungarians are still interested in a
possible autonomy within Vojvodina, but there are no plans to push for
it at this moment.
Comments on ICJ opinion: None
SPAIN - Galicia
Population: Approximately 10 millions of Galician people worldwide,
including 2.796.089 in Galicia (6-7% of the Spanish population).
Popular support for independence: Low. According to a recent poll, 75%
of the Galicians feel more Spanish than Galicians. Source Galicia has
partial self-governance, in the form of a devolved government,
established on 16 March 1978 and reinforced by the Galician Statute of
Autonomy, ratified on 28 April 1981.
>From 1990 BNG has gradually abandoned the secessionist discourse and
claims for self-determination are rarely produced, especially since the
regionalist party Unidade Galega (Galician Unity) joined the coalition.
FINLAND/NORWAY/SWEDEN/RUSSIA - Sami people
Population: Between 60,000 and 100,000 in Norway. 14,600 in Sweden. 9350
in Finland. 2000 in Russia.
Popular support for independence: Difficult to evaluate. There is a
growing self-consciousness and the Sami people are asking for more
rights, but still not to a point of secessionism.
The Sami are politically organized through Sami Parliaments (one for
each country) which sometimes work together. Most of their work is
however related to preserving the Sami languages and culture. Disputes
over the ownership of land and natural resources continue in these
countries, which could potentially lead to a rise in their desire to be
independent.
The Sami Council is a transnational organization (ONG statute), which
aims at promoting Saami rights and interests in the four countries where
the Saami are living, to consolidate the feeling of affinity among the
Saami people, to attain recognition for the Saami as a nation and to
maintain the economic, social and cultural rights of the Saami in the
legislation of the four states.
Overall, the risk of secession is very low.
ITALY - Lombardy:
Population: 9,821,270. Italy's richest region.
Support for independence: extremely low. Instead, the Lombards want more
autonomy. In the 2010 regional election the party Lega Lombarda (which
wants to increase autonomy) gained 26.2%, its best result ever. The Lega
Nord has pretty much abandoned its idea to create a State of Padania and
is instead asking for more autonomy as well (the goal is a federal
state).
No statement on Kosovo found.
RUSSIA - Tatarstan
Population: 3.8 million people
Comments on ICJ opinion: No official comments in Tatarstan about the ICJ
opinion. But the chairwoman of the Milli Medjilis, self-procraimed
pan-Tatar national assembly, has said that she hopes Tatarstan follows
the same path as Kosovo. She, however, does not have much support in
Tatarstan,
TIER II
BiH: Herzeg Bosna - Western Herzegovina
Population: There are about 700,000 Croats in BiH today.
Popular support for independence: Very low. The Croats as part of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina want their own ethnic political
entity. They have expressed this desire a numerous times and tensions
between Bosniaks and Croats have been rising, especially around the city
of Mostar.
Current status: All of the Croatian parties in BiH support the creation
of a third political entity. The Muslims are vehemently opposed to this,
since it would leave them isolated in the most populous, and
territorially smallest, entity. However, the Croats do not want
independence largely because Zagreb has made it clear that it would not
support them. Croatia is trying to get into the EU and supporting
Bosnian Croats in independence would be a problem.
Comments on the ICJ opinion: None
Ukraine Crimea
Population: Crimea has about 2 million people. According to the latest
Ukrainian census, the population is 58.32 percent Russian, 24.32 percent
Ukrainian, 12.1 percent Crimean Tatar, 1.44 percent Belarus.
(http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/regions/reg_crym/) The population
speaks mainly Russian.
Popular support for independence:
Background: Crimea never considered itself part of Ukraine, which is why
the collapse of the Soviet Union was a shock for the republic. It is the
only Autonomous Republic in Ukraine today, but it very nearly sought
independence in the early 1990s. The idea was eventually abandoned and
it has a special autonomous status now.
Current Status: With change in government in Kyiv, Crimean independence
is not something that is expected to come to the forefront again. The
pro-Moscow government has signed an extension with Russia for the Black
Sea Fleet to stay in Sevastopol until 2042. With tensions between Russia
and Ukraine reduced, Crimea no longer can rely on Russia supporting it
against Kyiv. Under Yuschenko, however, Russians were giving Russian
passports to the ethnic Russians in Crimea
(http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/75601/) during Yuschenko's
rule and this is definitely a potential flash point between Russia and
Ukraine if Kyiv ever decides to play with the West again.
Comments on ICJ opinion: None
Ukraine: Carpathian Ruthenia
Population: About 1 to 1.5 million, most living in Zakarpattia in
Ukraine
Popular support for independence: Difficult to gauge, but it exists. At
least according to the intelligence we have from the region.
Current Status: Moscow was making moves to influence the Ruthenians to
ask for independence in late 2008. The Ruthenians live on the Western
side of the Carpathians and are therefore geographically separated from
Ukraine to an extent. However, with Kyiv firmly under Moscow's control,
it does not seem that Ruthenians would have the international support
for their independence.
Comments on ICJ opinion: none thus far.
SERBIA - Sandzak
Population: About 150,000 Muslims living in a region where they make up
about 55-60 percent of total population.
Popular support for independence: Unclear because the Bosniak community
is split between Muamer Zukorlic and Sulejman Ugljanin. Ugljanin
supports a different mufti against Zukoerlic. There is therefore
considerable internal dissent in the region.
Current Status: Muamer Zukorlic's group is pretty mad that the votes for
the Bosniak Council were deemed illegal by the government (LINK:
http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/analysis/29484/). There is talk in
the region of parallel institutions being imposed. This is very
reminiscent of what happened in Kosovo before the uprising by Albanians
against Serbs. However, the Bosniak's are divided, which means that
there is no unity by the Muslims against Serbs.
Comments on ICJ opinion: None, however there has been talk in Sandzak of
adopting parallel institutions to Serbian government, which is what
Kosovars did in Kosovo in the 1980s.
SPAIN - Basque Country
Population: 1,850,500 in the Spanish part of the Basque country, 230,020
in the French part.
Support for independence: Low/moderate.
Since 2009, the President of the Basque country is Juan Jose Ibarretxe,
a Socialist, but still fairly in favor of a wider autonomy (Proposed for
example in 2003 Ibarretxe Plan, which foresees a future Basque country
'freely associated' with Spain, with its own separate legal system and
European Union (EU) representation.) Thus, politically, the secessionist
movement is relatively strong. In regard to popular support to
independence, a poll in 2002 showed that 32% of the people living in the
Basque region would be in favor of a statu quo; 31% are in favor of a
wider autonomy and 31% would support the independence.
Comments on ICJ opinion:
PNV [Basque Nationalist Party]
"It is a victory for common sense," Inigo Urkullu [leader of PNV] said.
Inaki Anasagasti [PNV member of Parliament] urged the government to stop
"scaring" Catalonia and the Basque Country.
Source: La Vanguardia website, Barcelona, in Spanish 24 Jul 10
El portavoz del Partido Nacionalista Vasco en la Comision Mixta para la
Union Europea, Inaki Anasagasti, ha declarado que esta decision del CIJ
no hace si no confirmar que la postura que Espana ha mantenido hasta
ahora sobre este tema es "incomprensible y mas propia del franquismo"
que de un sistema democratico, y le ha pedido al Gobierno que deje de
"meter miedo" a Cataluna y Euskadi. Ademas, ha arremetido contra el
ministro de Exteriores, al que acusa de tener "mucha querencia sobre
Serbia". Anasagasti ha apostillado que los nacionalistas vascos van a
continuar reclamando en las Cortes Generales en su derecho de la
voluntad popular "por encima de cualquier otra consideracion".
Google Translate: The Basque Nationalist Party spokesman in the Joint
Commission for the European Union, Inaki Anasagasti, said that the
decision of the ICJ if it does confirm that the position that Spain has
maintained so far on this issue is "incomprehensible and more typical of
Franco "that a democratic system, and has asked the government to stop
the" scare "in Catalonia and Euskadi. He has also lashed out at foreign
minister, which he accuses of having "a lot of fondness for Serbia."
Anasagasti has Apostilled that Basque nationalists will continue calling
on the Parliament in the right of the popular will "above any other
consideration."
ROMANIA - Szekler Land
Population: 786.573 according to census in 2002. Composition:
Szekler-Hungarians 75.65%; Romanians: 20%; Others: 4.35%
(http://freeszekelyland.uw.hu/population.html;
http://www.sznt.eu/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=210%3Athe-szeklers-and-their-struggle-for-autonomy&catid=4%3Aa-szekelyseg&Itemid=6&lang=en)
Popular support for independence: high. They say however that they want
autonomy and argue that it is different from independence.
Foreign backing: Hungary (depending on government - now they've got
backing for instance)
Current status: It has no formal independent political organization;
there are 3 counties that are organized following the Romanian laws.
There is no leadership for the region as the political representation is
no longer formed by one party; there are 2 main parties: Tokes one and
UDMR and some other small organizations that are basically fighting each
other to get the Seklers' support in the respective counties and in
Transylvania's regions where Hungarians live. There has been something
called "Szekle's Assembly" backed by the Hungarian parties that wrote a
manisfesto in 2006 - with no success. http://freeszekelyland.uw.hu/)
EP Vice President Laszlo Tokes - and a legend in Hungarian Romanian lore
- said that Kosovo and Hungarians in Romania are similar, but he then
changed his mind, saying that he was not talking of independence, but
rather autonomy.
TIER III
DENMARK - Greenland:
Population: 57,000. 88% Inuit (including Inuit-Danish mixed, 12%
Europeans, mostly Danish.
Referendum for more autonomy in 2008: Just over 75% of voters had
supported the plan, which gives Greenland a say in foreign policy and a
more definite split of future oil revenue, and make Greenlandic the sole
official language (among other things). Greenland gained self-rule in
1979, after previously being a colony and then a province of Denmark.
Source
No statements on Kosovo.
SPAIN - Catalonia:
Population: 4,664,675 of Catalans in Catalonia (7,504,881 is the total
population of Catalonia).
Popular support: 37% of pro-independence, 41% of unionists (highest
support of independence it has ever been) Source
1979: Autonomy recovered. A new statute was approved in 2006 by
referendum. However, important articles of the statute were declared
unconstitutional in July 2010. The Catalan Statute of Autonomy (1979)
established a Catalan Parliament, the Presidency of the Generalitat, the
Government or Executive Council and the other institutions created by
the Parliament. Symbolic referendum on independence are sometimes
organized.
Comments on ICJ opinion:
Por su parte, Esquerra Republicana, a traves de su eurodiputado, Oriol
Junqueras, se mostro "satisfecho de que la democracia haya vencido". ERC
se propone presentar una propuesta no de ley pidiendo el reconocimiento
con todos sus efectos de la Republica de Kosovo.
Google Translate: For its part, Esquerra Republicana, through its MEP,
Oriol Junqueras, was "satisfied that democracy has prevailed." ERC
intends to present a law proposal calling for the recognition for all
purposes of the Republic of Kosovo.
Entre los catalanes, el partido de Artur Mas ha felicitado al pueblo
kosovar, y considera que esta ha sido una sentencia logica. Ademas,
insta al Gobierno espanol a "reconocer definitivamente al nuevo Estado
europeo". Source
Google Translate: Among the Catalans, the party of Artur Mas
(Convergencia i Unio) has congratulated the people of Kosovo, and
considers that this was a logical decision. It also urges the Spanish
government to "finally recognize the new European state."
>From the President of Catalonia, Jose Montilla
El presidente de la Generalitat, Jose Montilla, ha destacado que
Cataluna y Kosovo tienen "pocas cosas en comun", por lo que ha rechazado
que puedan establecerse paralelismos. "No tiene nada que ver el regimen
opresivo de la Serbia de Milosevic con la Cataluna y la Espana de 2010".
Responde asi a las declaraciones de ERC. Para los independentistas, la
decision de la ONU de declarar legal la independencia de Kosovo se
podria aplicar a una hipotetica independencia de Cataluna.
Google Translate: The President of the Generalitat, Jose Montilla,
Catalonia and stressed that Kosovo have "little in common, so has
rejected parallels can be established. "It has nothing to do with the
oppressive regime of Milosevic's Serbia and Spain in Catalonia in 2010."
Responds to the statements of ERC. For independence, the UN decision to
declare the independence of Kosovo law could be applied to a
hypothetical independence of Catalonia.
DENMARK - Faroe Islands:
Population: 48,760 , 91.7% Faroese and 5.8% Danish.
Desire for independence is old. In 1946 a referendum was held in the
Faroes about complete independence or continued presence within the
Danish state. There was a majority in favor of complete independence but
the Danish government overruled the result, claiming the margin was too
small. They have been an autonomous region of the kingdom of Denmark
since 1948 and have, over the years, taken control of most matters,
except defense and foreign affairs. Source
Support for independence is high, about 50%
Moderate / High risk of secession in the long term (high support +
economically viable since companies invest in Faroese oil).
No statements about Kosovo.
U.K. - Scotland:
Population: 5,194,000. 89% Scottish, 7% English, Irish, Welsh, 4%
other.
Scotland has partial self-government within the United Kingdom as well
as representation in the UK Parliament. The United Kingdom Parliament
retains power over a set list of areas explicitly specified in the
Scotland Act 1998 as reserved matters, including, for example, levels of
UK taxes, social security, defense, international relations. The
Scottish Parliament has legislative authority for all other areas
relating to Scotland, as well as limited power to vary income tax, a
power it has yet to exercise.
The largest party is the Scottish National Party which campaigns for
Scottish independence and which won 32.9% of the votes at the 2007
Scottish Parliament election. The Scottish National Party formed the
Scottish government, which comprises only SNP members.
Popular support: Surveys show only 27 per cent of Scots would support
independence in a referendum compared to 55 per cent who are opposed.
(March 2010 - Source). Overall, the percentage of people supporting
Scottish independence is decreasing.
"It is crucial ... that neighbouring governments, especially Serbia,
recognise that not only is Kosovan independence legal, it is a necessary
step in building the stability of the region," said Alyn Smith from the
Scottish National Party. Source (More details:
http://www.snp.org/node/17177)
LEVEL IV
MOLDOVA - Transdniestria:
Population: 555,347 based on Transnistrian census in 2004. Composition:
Moldovans 31.9%; Russians 30.4%, Ukrainians 28.8%, Others: 8.9%.
(http://pridnestrovie.net/facts.html;
http://www.olvia.idknet.com/ol37-09-05.htm)
Popular support for independence: presumably high, they are organized as
a de-facto republic with own organization
Foreign backing - Russia
Current status: Transniestria is a presidential republic, with the
president being also head of government. In theory there is also a
parliament that has legislative power. In practice, the region is
controlled by the president - Igor Smirnov and his family which has key
posts in the econ/political life.
Attitudes on Kosovo ICJ rulling:
The foreign ministry of Moldova's breakaway Dniester region has welcomed
the ruling of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo and said that
it means "international legitimization of a settlement model based on
priority of a nation's right to self-determination". In a statement
posted on the Dniester region official Olvia-press website on 27 July,
the ministry said that the UN decision is an obvious move "towards
reformatting the outdated Helsinki mechanism applied to the entire
Europe in accordance with the demands of the 21st century". The Dniester
foreign ministry said that the ruling of the International Court of
Justice "has international legal meaning as it cancels out any
unilateral attempts by other states to hamper expression of the people's
will through adoption of their own laws", Olvia-press reported. [bbcmon
- see the whole article below]
BOSNIA - Republika Srpska
Population: 1.5 million of which nearly 90 percent are Serb (up from 55
percent before the war due to ethnic cleansing).
Popular support for independence: High, of course most would want to
join Serbia post-independence.
Current Status: Republika Srpska is a separate political entity in BiH
created by the Dayton Peace Accord. It is ethnically more Serbian than
Serbia itself. BiH is currently trying to go through constitutional
reforms that would make it possible to apply to the EU. Republika Srpska
is rejecting much of these reforms because it does not want to give up
any of its power to Sarajevo. Its Premier, Milorad Dodik, has made
threats that he would secede from BiH in that case.
Comments on ICJ opinion: Dodik said that Serbs in RS could
"hypothetically" take Kosovo's example. "Until now, the practice was
different, because we were always told that cannot be our path," Dodik
said in an interview conducted after The International Court of Justice
(ICJ) said this week that the Albanian majority in Kosovo broke no law
by splitting from Serbia. This ICJ opinion, which was backed by the most
powerful countries in the world ... says it is a possible practice. "Why
would it then be a problem if somebody, let's say hypothetically even
the Serb Republic, was to do the same in the future?", he asked, adding
that the ruling "will not be without consequences in Bosnia." Dodik also
said that the issue would be taken up after elections on October 3.
Dodik went on to say:
"An additional fight for a status that does not breach international
law, in line with the [World Court's] opinion, is not excluded," Mr
Dodik said, after condemning a verdict that he claimed sent "a new
message to the Serbs that the politics of violence is successful".
"It would be interesting to see the reaction of the international
community if we declared independence."
"For a long time, we in the Republika Srpska have not been happy in
Bosnia-Herzegovina," Dodik told reporters in Banja Luka late on July 22.
"We respect the Dayton agreement [that ended the war in Bosn ia], but
the ICJ decision can serve us as guidance for our continuing fight over
our status and our future."
SERBIA - North Kosovo
Population - Around 100,000
Current status: The Serbs are largely concentrated North of the River
Ibar and are resisting all integration with Kosovo. Most recently Kosovo
has offered negotiations with the Serbs about a wide-ranging autonomy.
The ICJ opinion has encouraged Albanians to therefore make the first
move on getting the Serbs to accept Pristina's sovereignty.
Comments on ICJ opinion: Negative. Obviously the ICJ opinion potentially
opens up the idea of Northern Kosovo joining up with Serbia by seceding
from Kosovo. But that would mean accepting the rest of Kosovo being
independent. Belgrade would not support that.
RUSSIA - Chechnya/Dagestan/Ingushetia/Kabardino-Balkaria
The ICJ opinion on Kosovo is not going to change the reality on the
ground in the Russian Caucuses. After Kosovo's independence in 2008,
Chechen rebels hailed the decision by Kosovo to declare independence.
However, the only factor standing in between Caucus regions and
independence is capacity (military), not motivation or legal legitimacy.
Therefore, it is not clear how the ICJ opinion will have any baring on
the Caucuses. The militants in the region are not holding back from
launching another wide scale war because they were waiting for the ICJ
opinion to come out.
GEORGIA - Adjara
Population: 375,000
Background: Adjara has long been considered "Muslim Georgia," though
presently only about 35 percent of the region is Muslim. Most Adjarans
still back their region's 1993 secession from Georgia, though the region
was pulled back under central control in 2004. Adjara's uprisings have
failed thus far because it lacks strong foreign support - Adjara has
some Russian backing, but not as much as Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Popular support for independence: High
Current Status: Autonomous Republic of Georgia
Response to ICJ Kosovo Opinion: None
GEORGIA - Samtskhe-Javakheti
Population: 208,000
Background: Closely tied to and borders Armenia.
Popular support for independence: High
Current Status: Autonomous Republic of
Response to ICJ Kosovo Opinion: None
AZERBAIJAN - Nagorno-Karabakh:
Population: About 140,000.
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic: Territory internationally recognized as part
of Azerbaijan, which has not exercised power over most of the region
since 1991. Three solutions: the region as part of Azerbaijan, the
region as part of Armenia and an independent region. The election that
took place in May showed a massive support for pro-independence parties.
The Free Motherland party, led by the region's prime minister Ara
Harutiunyan, received 46 percent of the vote and the pro-government
Democratic Party of Artsakh 30 percent.
Bako Sahakyan is currently the president of Nagorno-Karabakh.
Comments on ICJ opinion:
According to Sahakyan the advisory ruling by the International Court of
Justice over the legality of Kosovo's independence will bring about new
geopolitical situation.
Further he said he did not think that ICJ's ruling over Kosovo will
seriously affect the works by OSCE MG, but even if it does, Karabakh
will only welcome it. Source
If the recognition of Kosovo's independence facilitates the
international recognition of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, we will
certainly welcome this, President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Bako
Sahakyan said during a press-conference in Stepanakert July 23.
MACEDONIA - Albanians:
Population: 509,000 Albanians, 22% of the country (EU sponsored census).
They are mainly in the north-west of the country.
A civil war was fought between government and ethnic Albanian
insurgents, mostly in the north and west of the country, between March
and June 2001. The war ended with the intervention of a NATO ceasefire
monitoring force. Under the terms of the Ohrid Agreement, the government
agreed to devolve greater political power and cultural recognition to
the Albanian minority. The Albanian side agreed to abandon separatist
demands and to fully recognise all Macedonian institutions. In addition,
according to this accord, the Albanian National Liberation Army (NLA)
were to disarm and hand over their weapons to a NATO force. It has
stayed quiet since then, but weapon caches have been found this year.
Democratic Union for Integration (among which many members of the NLA)
and Democratic Party of Albanians are the two main Albanian parties in
Macedonia. Albanian political parties in Macedonia are active in the
pursuit of even greater political and national rights for the Albanian
minority of Macedonia such as the official use of the Albanian language
in local administration, proportional representation in the government
and the right to higher education in mother-tongue.
The Albanians in Macedonia are still very angry with the Macedonian
government, as their situation has not drastically improved. There is a
better political representation of the Albanians, but there are still
tensions between the two ethnicities.
Albanians in Macedonia / PP: Rafiz Haliti of the DUI [Democratic Union
for Integration - BDI in Albanian] believes that the verdict will have a
positive effect on the whole region.
The verdict has shown that the court is not under any political
influence, Haliti says.
The DPA [Democratic Party of Albanians - PDSh in Albanian] shares a
similar view.
The International Court verdict is historic not only for the Albanians,
but the entire region, as well. I hope that it will bring stabilization
and peace to the region, DPA Chairman Menduh Thaci says.
TIER V
GEORGIA - Abkhazia
Population: ~200,000
Background: Sporadic conflict and violence between ethnic Abkhaz and
Georgians since the the fall of the Soviet Union.Fully seceded from
Georgia and established independence following the August 2008
Russia-Georgia war
Popular support for independence: High
Current Status: Effectively seceded, recognized as indepedent by Russia,
Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Naura. Russia is of course the primary patron,
with 1-5,000 troops stationed in a military base in the breakaway
territory.
Response to ICJ Kosovo Opinion: The conclusion of The Hague
International Court of Justice that Kosovo's declaration of independence
does not contradict international law confirms the right of nations to
self-determination, de facto Abkhazian Prime Minister Sergey Shamba said
on July 23. "This [the conclusion] gives the arguments of the Abkhazian
side more weight," Apsnypress quoted Shamba as saying. However the de
facto Prime Minister said that "considering the double standards of
Western politicians, even if Abkhazia applies to The Hague International
Court I am not sure that the same kind of decision would be made."
http://www.messenger.com.ge/issues/2156_july_26_2010/2156_mzia.html
GEORGIA - South Ossetia
Population: 70,000
Background: Sporadic conflict and violence between ethnic Ossetians and
Georgians since the the fall of the Soviet Union. Fully seceded from
Georgia and established independence following the August 2008
Russia-Georgia war
Popular support for independence: High
Current Status: Effectively seceded, recognized as indepedent by Russia,
Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Naura. Russia is of course the primary patron,
with 1-5,000 troops stationed in a military base in the breakaway
territory.
Response to ICJ Kosovo Opinion: None
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Marko Papic
Geopol Analyst - Eurasia
STRATFOR
700 Lavaca Street - 900
Austin, Texas
78701 USA
P: + 1-512-744-4094
marko.papic@stratfor.com
--
George Friedman
Founder and CEO
Stratfor
700 Lavaca Street
Suite 900
Austin, Texas 78701
Phone 512-744-4319
Fax 512-744-4334