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### Viewing cable 03HARARE444, ZIMBABWE - TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT 2002 -

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
03HARARE444 | 2003-03-03 10:42 | 2011-08-24 16:30 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Harare

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 HARARE 000444

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    DEPT FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, IWI, AF/RS
    A, USAID
    NSC FOR SENIOR AFRICA DIRECTOR J. FRAZER
    LONDON FOR C. GURNEY
    PARIS FOR C. NEARY
    NAIROBI FOR T. PFLAUMER

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PHUM KCRM KWMN SMIG KFRD PREF ELAB ASEC ZI TIP
    SUBJECT: ZIMBABWE - TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT 2002 -
    2003

    REF: SECSTATE 22225

    ¶1. (SBU) Overview of Zimbabwe's
    Activities to Eliminate Trafficking in Persons:
    --------------------------------------------- --

    ¶A. There continued to be infrequent anecdotal reports that
    Zimbabwe was a country of origin and transit for
    internationally trafficked persons, particularly women and
    children.  Unlike in previous years, there were no reports
    that Zimbabwe was a destination country.  These reports
    suggested that trafficking might also occur within the
    country,s borders.  There were no reliable numbers or
    estimates regarding the magnitude of the problem.  At the
    writing of this report, a local NGO, Connect, was compiling a
    report of approximately twenty cases of trafficking of girls
    within Zimbabwe; the report was not expected to give
    comprehensive statistics on trafficking in, through, or from
    Zimbabwe.

    ¶B. A South African NGO, Molo Songololo, claimed that Zimbabwe
    was a transit point for children being trafficked from third
    countries such as Asia and Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe to
    South Africa; however, they could provide no specific cases
    or numbers of cases.

    ¶C. Connect suggested that in the current economic downturn,
    more families had accepted some form of payment in exchange
    for allowing their teenage daughters to be commercial sex
    workers in other towns within Zimbabwe, notably the border
    town of Beitbridge.  Unlike in previous years, there were no
    reports that Zimbabwe was a destination country.

    ¶D. The Connect report is expected later this year.

    ¶E. There were no reports that Zimbabwe was a destination
    point for internationally trafficked victims.  There were no
    details available about the conditions into which victims
    were allegedly trafficked within Zimbabwe.

    ¶F. Infrequent anecdotal reports suggested that female
    teenagers were targeted primarily.  There was no information
    available concerning traffickers, or their methods.

    ¶G. Officials in the Ministry of Justice, and Ministry of
    Education, Sports and Culture were willing to address
    whatever trafficking may be occurring, but they had no data
    on the scope of the problem for which to design a response,
    and were relying on NGOs to alert them to any specific cases.
     In August 2001, Parliament passed and signed into law the
    Sexual Offenses Act, which makes it a crime to transport
    persons across the country's borders for the sex industry.
    Traffickers also can be prosecuted under other legislation,
    such as immigration and abduction laws.  A trafficked person
    has the option to take his or her case before the Victim
    Friendly Courts (VFCs).

    ¶H. There was no indication that government authorities
    facilitated, were complicit in, or condoned trafficking in
    persons.

    ¶I. While the government seemed willing to address the
    problem, in the current economic downturn, there are very
    limited government resources to gather comprehensive data on,
    or respond to anecdotal reports of trafficking.

    ¶2. (SBU) Prevention:
    --------------------

    ¶A. The GOZ recognizes that some trafficking in persons
    occurs, but without specific data had not addressed the issue
    as a large-scale problem.

    ¶B. The primary government authority that would combat
    trafficking is the Zimbabwe Republic Police.  The Ministries
    of Justice and Education, and the Victim Friendly Courts, all
    play a role in combatting trafficking.

    ¶C. In September 2002, the Child and Law Foundation of
    Zimbabwe held an international conference entitled,
    "Protecting the Sexuality of our Children - Southern Africa
    Regional Meeting" in Harare.  A High Court judge opened the
    conference, and representatives from the Ministries of
    Justice, Education, and Social Welfare also attended.  The
    South African NGO Molo Songololo presented research
    methodologies for data gathering on sexual exploitation.
    Participants acknowledged the need for additional research
    and data-gathering on trafficking in southern Africa.

    ¶D. The GOZ supports programs that promote the rights of and
    opportunities for women and children.  The Ministry of Social
    Welfare in particular runs three programs focused on enabling
    children to stay in school.

    ¶E. The GOZ's capacity to effectively support prevention
    programs is badly hampered by a shortage of resources.

    ¶F. The GOZ and civil society groups communicate on the issue
    of trafficking in persons, but there have been no joint
    programs or proposals to date.

    ¶G.  Zimbabwe's borders are porous; the Department of
    Immigration exercises little control over who crosses into
    and out of Zimbabwe.   Provided with evidence of trafficking,
    we suspect law enforcement agencies would respond
    appropriately.

    ¶H. The GOZ has no multi-agency working group or task force on
    trafficking.  It has a public corruption task force which is
    ineffective.

    ¶I. See 3. C.

    ¶J. The GOZ does not have a national plan of action to address
    trafficking in persons.

    ¶K.  The GOZ has not designated a responsible official to
    develop anti-trafficking programs.

    ¶3. (SBU) Investigation and Prosecution of Traffickers:
    --------------------------------------------- ---------

    ¶A. While no laws specifically address trafficking in persons,
    common law prohibits abduction and forced labor, and the
    August 2001 Sexual Offenses Act makes it a crime to transport
    persons across the border for sex.

    The Zimbabwe constitution provides that "no one may be held
    in slavery or servitude or be made to perform forced or
    compulsory labor."

    The Zimbabwe Criminal Code prohibits corruption of children
    and young persons, and penalizes any person who allows a
    child or a young person to reside in or to frequent a
    brothel.  Similarly, the code penalizes any person who causes
    the seduction, abduction, or prostitution of a child or young
    person.  The code even prohibits allowing the child or young
    person to consort with, enter into employment, or continue in
    the employment of any prostitute or person of known immoral
    character.  Punishment for these offenses is a fine or
    imprisonment for up to 2 years or both.

    The Zimbabwean Immigration Act penalizes any person who by
    bribery induces or attempts to induce any immigration officer
    to violate his or her duties under the Act.  The Act
    criminalizes forgery of travel documents for the purposes of
    entering, remaining in, or departing from the country in
    contravention of the act.  The Act penalizes anyone who
    hinders or obstructs any police officer or immigration
    officer in executing his or her duties under the Act.

    ¶B. There is no penalty specific to trafficking in persons.

    ¶C. There is no minimum penalty for rape or forcible sexual
    assault.  Individuals convicted of one of these crimes must
    be imprisoned, but the length of incarceration is determined
    by precedent.  Sentences for rape convictions typically range
    from four or five years to fifteen years, depending on the
    circumstances of the particular crime.

    ¶D. The GOZ has not prosecuted any cases of trafficking to
    date.

    ¶E. There was no information available concerning traffickers.

    ¶F. No specific cases of trafficking were reported.

    ¶G. See 4. F.

    ¶H. See 4. F.

    ¶I. There were no reports of extradition from Zimbabwe of
    those charged with trafficking in other countries.

    ¶J. There was no indication of government involvement in, or
    tolerance of trafficking, at any level.

    ¶K. See 4. J.

    ¶L. The GOZ ratified ILO Convention 182 on December 11, 2000,
    Conventions 29 and 105 on August 27, 1998.  The GOZ has not
    signed or ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention on
    the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child
    Prostitution, and Child Pornography.  The GOZ has not signed
    or ratified the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish
    Trafficking in Persons.

    ¶4. (SBU) Protection and Assistance to Victims:
    --------------------------------------------- -

    ¶A. No specific victims of trafficking were identified.

    ¶B. See 5. A.

    ¶C. See 5. A.

    ¶D. See 5. A.

    ¶E. See 5. A.

    ¶F. There was no indication that the GOZ provided specialized
    training for government officials in recognizing, protecting
    or assisting trafficking victims within Zimbabwe or through
    Zimbabwe's foreign missions.

    ¶G. See 5. A.

    ¶H. No NGOs reported working with trafficking victims.  At the
    time of writing, Connect was researching anecdotal reports on
    trafficking and reported that local police had been very
    cooperative.

    ¶6. (U) Post point of contact for Trafficking in Persons is
    Political Officer Audu Besmer (office phone  263-4-250-593
    extension 291; fax  263-4-253-000, e-mail:
    besmeram@state.gov).  The estimated hours spent per officer
    in preparation of this report are as follows (Ref):  Polfsn
    15 hours, Poloff 8 hours, Polchief 0.5 hour review, DCM 0.5
    hour review, AMB 0.5 hour review.
    SULLIVAN

`