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### Viewing cable 04ISTANBUL868, RELIGIOUS MINORITIES STILL FACE DIFFICULTIES IN

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04ISTANBUL868 | 2004-06-03 08:59 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Consulate Istanbul

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 ISTANBUL 000868

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PGOV TU PHUM
    SUBJECT: RELIGIOUS MINORITIES STILL FACE DIFFICULTIES IN
    TURKEY

    REF: A. 2002 ANKARA 8881
         ¶B. 2002 ANKARA 7290
         ¶C. 2003 ISTANBUL 202
         ¶D. 2003 ANKARA 2909
         ¶E. ISTANBUL 843

    ¶1.  (U)  Summary:  Prime Ministry human rights Director Vahit
    Bicak offered an upbeat assessment of Turkey's progress in
    addressing religious minority foundations' legal issues at a
    May 15 NGO-organized symposium.  Nonetheless, religious
    minority foundations stressed that they still face serious
    challenges.  Foundations are finding it difficult in some
    cases to transfer the registration of property they control
    from individuals' names (including Jesus and Mary, on
    occasion) to the foundations' names.  Moreover, the
    government has approved only a handful of their petitions to
    recover seized properties.  Turkey's implementation of EU
    reforms, especially as regards religious minorites' property
    rights, remains incomplete.  End Summary.

    The Good...
    -----------
    ¶2.  (SBU) Representatives of religious groups, academia and
    government attended a May 15 symposium organized by the
    Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) to
    discuss the legal problems still facing religious minority
    foundations after the passage of reform laws some 18 months
    ago (refs A through D).  Vahit Bicak, Chairman of the Prime
    Ministry's Human Rights Commission, was a presenter at two
    sessions, and he seemed to go over well with the potentially
    critical audience.  (Note: symposium organizers tell us that
    Bicak had originally been invited to attend the symposium,
    but that Bicak himself insisted on making the two
    presentations.  End note.)  Having served as an intern/jurist
    for the European Court of Human Rights in 1999, Bicak
    comfortably detailed the European Convention on Human Rights'
    religious freedom provisions in a morning session.  Speaking
    as a human rights lawyer rather than as a government
    official, his candor was refreshing.  When discussing the
    "freedom from expressing religious preference to the state,"
    for example, he acknowledged that this invited discussion of
    Turkey's inclusion of religion on the national identity card.

    ¶3.  (U)  Bicak closed the symposium with his afternoon speech
    on Turkey's accomplishments in the area of religious freedom.
     The return of property sacred to the Baha'i community in
    Edirne topped his list of concrete advances.  He also pointed
    to improved dialogue between the government and foundations,
    the ability of foundations to engage in international
    activities, and less onerous requirements for officially
    changing religions.  He claimed that there was an emerging
    consensus that all foundations be considered under one law,
    instead of the current situation which considers religious
    foundations separately from others.  As regards property, he
    pointed to foundations' ability to register property under
    their own names and a more reasonable deadline for applying
    to recover property.  Bicak also announced that a previously
    secret "Minority Control Commission" had been abolished and a

    SIPDIS
    new inter-ministerial commission had been appointed to
    resolve outstanding issues with the communities (Ref E).

    ¶4.  (U)  Adnan Ertem, the Regional Deputy Director of the
    General Directorate for Foundations attended the TESEV
    symposium, and during a Q/A session thanked panelists for
    their "fair evaluation of positive developments."  As the day
    went on he developed a slightly more defensive posture in his
    interventions, but stayed until the bitter end and mostly
    kept his cool despite representing the target of the day's
    heaviest criticism.  His participation in the event was
    positive in and of itself.  Moreover, TESEV organizer Cem
    Murat Sofuoglu noted that in a similar symposium two years
    earlier, six police officers had attended.  This time there
    was only one, he said, who had asked permission to attend.
    Orhan Kemal Cengiz, a lawyer representing the Protestant
    community, at one point remarked that "standards were so low
    that this counts as progress," but many agreed that a new and
    more productive attitude, when compared to years past, was
    displayed by the government officials present at the
    symposium.

    The Bad...
    ----------
    ¶5.  (U) Despite Bicak's upbeat tone and the improved
    atmospherics, religious minority foundations continue to face
    problems.  The regulations which came into effect in January
    2003, for example, allow religious minority foundations to
    apply to the General Directorate for Foundations to register
    "property already at their disposal," but not registered in
    the foundation's name.  At the symposium, Ata Sakmar, a
    lawyer affiliated with the Greek Orthodox community,
    explained one reason why some such applications have been
    rejected.  In the past, Greek Orthodox properties were often
    registered in the name of individuals in order to avoid
    expropriation, and many were actually registered in the name
    of "Jesus" or "Mary."  According to Sakmar, in the absence of
    the official registrant's consent to changing the
    registration to a foundation's name, these petitions are
    rejected.  "I almost had to author a communique to summon
    Jesus to the courtroom last year", he said, "in order to
    submit successful applications to the General Directorate."

    ¶6.  (U)  A negligible number of petitions to recover property
    that had been seized by the government has been granted.  In
    addition to difficulties in recovering properties seized
    since 1935, there is still the outstanding question of
    properties expropriated and/or disposed of by the government
    prior to 1935.  It is not clear whether the 2002 reforms even
    allow for applications to reclaim such property.  In any
    case, implementation of the spirit if not the letter of the
    reform measures passed in 2002 remains elusive.

    And the Tense...
    ---------------
    ¶7.  (SBU)  Istanbul Muftu Cagrici was among three religious
    leaders invited to make opening remarks at the TESEV event.
    While the Armenian Orthodox and Ecumenical Orthodox
    Patriarchs sent representatives in their stead, Dr. Cagrici
    not only delivered his remarks personally, but stayed
    throughout the day and participated actively, and for the
    most part, constructively. In a comment that provided an
    insight into the "us vs. them" mentality deeply engrained in
    some government bureaucrats, however, he implied that perhaps
    Turkey's Law 1062, the so-called "Reciprocity Law," might be
    appropriate to consider in response to restrictions on ethnic
    Turks in Western Thrace.  Numerous participants rejected that
    idea, stating that the Reciprocity Law "should not even be
    mentioned here," as it is meant to affect nationals of
    foreign states, not Turkish citizens.

    Comment
    -------
    ¶8.  (SBU)   The mere fact that this conference (reportedly
    only the second to be held on this subject since the 2002
    reform measures were passed) took place with the
    participation of the Muftu and attendance and interventions
    by a representative of the Foundations Directorate is a
    welcome development.  Discussion was open and lively, but as
    the reference to Western Thrace clearly indicated, the
    religious minorities continue to be subjected to an "us vs.
    them" attitude by state bureaucrats (e.g., minority groups
    still fall under the "Foreigners" Branch of the Istanbul
    Police Department).  Changing societal and bureaucratic
    attitudes that figure into the development of religious
    freedom policies will be at least as difficult as legislating
    property returns.  But as one participant noted at the end of
    the day, "It would be strange if transformation -- and we are
    talking about transformation here -- were easy."

    ¶9.  (U) For additional background information and reporting
    from ConGen Istanbul, see our classified website at
    http://www.state.sgov.gov/p/eur/Istanbul/inde x.cfm.
    ARNETT

`