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### Viewing cable 04PARIS8983, FRANCE: 2004 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04PARIS8983 | 2004-12-16 08:30 | 2011-08-24 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Paris

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 PARIS 008983

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR S/CT(KINCANNON AND MCCUTCHAN) AND TTIC

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PTER ASEC FR
    SUBJECT: FRANCE: 2004 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT

    REF: STATE 245841

    ¶1. (U) Post encloses the 2004 annual terrorism report for
    France.  Per reftel, Word versions will be e-mailed to John
    Kincannon and Kiersten McCutchan at S/CT.  Post POC is
    Political Officer Peter Kujawinski, x.2575.

    France ) 2004

    OVERVIEW

    In 2004, France made progress in a number of areas that
    enhanced its already robust counter-terrorism capability.
    The Perben II law entered into force on October 1, ensuring
    domestic implementation of the European Arrest Warrant and
    expanding the tools police, security and judiciary officials
    can use to combat terrorism.  In April, French authorities
    discovered and shut down a network of the Moroccan Islamic
    Combatant Group that was considered to be extremely
    dangerous.  In July, it took custody of four former detainees
    at Guantanamo Bay and charged them with terrorist conspiracy.
     All four of the detainees remain in pretrial detention and
    trials are expected to begin in 2005.  In October, French and
    Spanish authorities struck a significant blow to ETA
    terrorism in their arrest in France of two top ETA leaders
    and in the seizure of significant arms and materials caches.
    With these and a number of other high profile arrests and
    convictions in 2004, it is clear that France continues its
    aggressive and effective anti-terrorist policies.  Despite
    robust U.S.-French cooperation on counter-terrorism, French
    officials continue to differ with the U.S. on the impact of
    Operation Iraqi Freedom on international terrorism, with
    French officials suggesting that Iraq,s liberation has made
    the world less safe and increased international terrorism.
    In 2004, four French nationals were identified as having been
    killed while fighting Coalition and Iraqi forces in Iraq.

    INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

    France continues to be an active and engaged participant in
    the international war against terrorism.  On the military
    front, its special forces participate in counter-terrorist
    operations in Afghanistan and a French admiral commands Task
    Force 150, a multinational naval force that patrols the Red
    Sea and the Persian Gulf to interdict the movement of
    suspected terrorists from Afghanistan to the Arabian
    Peninsula.  At the political and diplomatic level, France
    continues its engagement within the UN,s Counter-Terrorism
    Committee and the G-8,s Counter-Terrorism Action Group.
    France is a party to all 12 international conventions and
    protocols relating to terrorism.

    In 2004, France expanded its cooperation in international
    judicial cooperation.  With the entry into force of the
    Perben II law, France incorporated into its domestic
    legislation the provisions of the European Arrest Warrant and
    strengthened its already extensive judicial and police powers
    to combat terrorism.  For example, the law outlaws websites
    that post bomb-making instructions.  In September, police
    shut down three such websites and arrested a computer science
    student for building one of them.  In addition, France signed
    with the United States on September 2 two new agreements that
    updated a bilateral extradition treaty and improved overall
    counter-terrorism cooperation.  France and the Netherlands
    were among the first European countries to sign such
    agreements with the United States.

    France and the United States continue to cooperate closely on
    border security issues, including airplane safety and the
    Container Security Initiative.  Possible threats to airplane
    flights during the 2003-2004 holiday season were investigated
    jointly by US and French authorities.  French police and
    security services have been very responsive to US requests.
    In addition, France is active internationally in proposing
    bioterrorism safeguards and nuclear facility safeguards.  In
    March, the Paris Prefecture of Police announced the formation
    of a specialized, 90-person firefighting unit that would
    focus on combating nuclear, radiological, biological and
    chemical terrorist attacks.  Also, in May, the French
    government simulated a bomb attack on the Paris metro to test
    the ability of emergency services to respond.

    On terrorism financing, France continues to develop the
    competencies and capabilities of TRACFIN, the Ministry of
    Finance,s terrorism financing coordination and investigation
    unit.  TRACFIN has expanded the number of economic sectors it
    monitors within the French economy, with a particular
    emphasis on institutions, non-governmental organizations and
    small enterprises suspected of having ties to Islamic
    terrorism.  At the level of the European Union, France plays
    an active role in the Clearinghouse, the Union,s terrorism
    financing coordination body.  France has designated as
    terrorist groups those that appear on the EU list of
    terrorist organizations.  As of yet, it has not designated
    Hamas-affiliated charities, arguing that they have no links
    to terrorism.  It also, along with its EU partners, has not
    designated Lebanese Hizballah as a terrorist organization.

    French authorities consistently condemn terrorist acts and
    have made no public statements in support of a
    terrorist-supporting country on a terrorism issue.
    Nevertheless, France, along with its EU partners, retains
    diplomatic relations with all of the governments designated
    as state sponsors of terrorism, with the exception of North
    Korea.  In 2004 it cosponsored with the United States UN
    Security Council Resolution 1559, which targeted Syrian
    domination of Lebanon and called for dismantlement of armed
    groups and militias in Lebanon and extension of Lebanese
    government control throughout Lebanese territory, to include
    areas under the de facto control of Hizballah.

    DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES

    France is perhaps best known for its seasoned and aggressive
    counter-terrorism police forces and judiciary.  Within the
    Ministry of Interior, the DST (internal security service), RG
    (police intelligence), DNAT (counter-terrorism brigade) and
    Brigade Criminelle (criminal investigations) all play
    important roles in French counter-terrorism work.  In 2004,
    as part of a move to improve cooperation among France,s
    security services, a new terrorism coordination cell was
    created that will be based in the headquarters of the DGSE,
    France,s external intelligence service and part of the
    Ministry of Defense.  Personnel from the RG and the DST will
    be part of the coordination unit.  This new initiative adds
    another coordination body to an already crowded field.  Other
    coordination mechanisms include UCLAT (a counter-terrorism
    coordination unit with the Ministry of Interior), the SGDN
    (attached to the office of the Prime Minister), the
    Intelligence Council and the Council for Internal Security
    (attached to the office of the President.)  There is
    virtually no legislative oversight of intelligence and
    security agencies.

    Terrorism investigations that may lead to criminal charges
    are handled by the counter-terrorism section of the Paris
    Prosecutor,s office.  Investigative judges, who in the
    French system combine prosecutorial and judicial powers,
    concentrate on Islamic/international terrorism, Basque/ETA
    terrorism and terrorism linked to Corsican separatist groups.
     Their mandate is extensive, and includes terrorist acts on
    French soil and acts abroad that affect French citizens.
    Their powers are substantial and they are given wide freedom
    to investigate.  They cooperate closely with French police
    and security services.

    Under French law, terrorism suspects may be detained for up
    to 96 hours before charges are filed.  In addition, suspects
    can be held for up to three and a half years in pretrial
    detention while the investigation against them continues.
    There is general public acceptance of these measures.
    Olivier Roy, a French terrorism expert, told the Associated
    Press on December 7 that &there,s a tradition in France of
    a strong state and people want to have a strong state.8
    Barring the revelation of serious abuses, there is little
    indication that French citizens would want to decrease the
    extensive powers given to French investigating judges, police
    and security services.

    French police and intelligence services within the Interior
    Ministry have extensive powers of surveillance, monitoring
    and administrative detention.  These powers were enhanced
    with the March 9 passage of Perben II (with entry into force
    on October 1) and include expanded detention (up to four days
    before charges must be brought), more authority for police to
    go undercover, warrants for searches at night, more leeway in
    granting document searches, and increased authority to
    wiretap.  These expanded powers are to be used only in cases
    that involve investigation of organizations &that imperil
    society,8 such as the mafia, drug traffickers and terrorist
    organizations.  Even if government authorities are found to
    have misused their new powers, any evidence they have found
    would still be accepted in court.

    Judicial and police investigations following the high-profile
    arrests in 2003 of German national Christian Ganczarski and
    Moroccan national Karim Mehdi continued in 2004.  Ganczarski
    and Mehdi, who are suspected of ties to al-Qaida, remain in
    pretrial detention in France.

    The investigation into the activities of suspected terrorist
    Djamel Beghal concluded in late 2004.  His trial, as well as
    the trials of seven associates, will begin January 3, 2005.
    The Beghal network is suspected of planning to commit a
    number of terrorist acts, including an attack on the US
    Embassy in Paris.

    French police and judicial authorities arrested six suspected
    members of the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM) on
    April 5.  An investigation into their activities is ongoing.
    The six suspects are being held in pretrial detention.  The
    GICM cell is thought to have provided logistical support to
    those who committed the attacks against Madrid trains on
    March 11.  French authorities also arrested five individuals
    in mid-November on charges of stealing one million euros from
    a Brinks delivery truck that restocked ATM machines.  These
    individuals are suspected of having links with the GICM cell.

    Judicial and police investigations are also continuing in the
    &Chechen network,8 a loose grouping that is reported to
    have links with the Beghal network and the Frankfurt network
    (which attempted in 2000 to attack cultural sites in
    Strasbourg, including the cathedral).  Members of the Chechen
    network reportedly were interested in using chemical agents
    to commit terrorist attacks.  French authorities arrested
    Zinnedine Khalid on June 14, one of the suspected members of
    the Chechen network.  They also suspect that the Chechen
    network may have links with a possible Asian network that
    included Lionel Dumont, a French citizen in custody who had
    lived previously in Japan.  The trial of ten suspected
    members of the Frankfurt network began in Paris on September
    29 and is expected to last three months.

    In May, a Paris court convicted two French citizens, Ahmed
    Laidouni and David Courtailler, and an Algerian citizen,
    Mohamed Baadache, for organizing recruitment networks for
    terrorist training camps in Afghanistan.  Baadache received
    the maximum sentence of 10 years under terrorist conspiracy
    laws.  Laidouni was given 7 years, while Courtailler was
    given two years in jail along with a suspended two-year
    sentence.

    Following the July 27 transfer of four French citizens
    detained at Guantanamo Bay, French authorities successfully
    argued in favor of their pretrial detention while judicial
    authorities are preparing cases that charge them with
    terrorist conspiracy.  These arguments have withstood
    multiple appeals by defense lawyers and the detainees remain
    in pretrial detention.  France has been one of the most
    aggressive and proactive countries in prosecuting its
    citizens formerly held by the U.S. at Guantanamo.

    The French government publicly condemned acts of terrorism
    targeting civilians in Iraq on multiple occasions in 2004.
    Nevertheless, throughout the year, French government
    officials, including President Chirac, continued to assert
    publicly that the liberation of Iraq had made the world less
    safe and increased international terrorism.  These criticisms
    reflect broader U.S.-French divergences on Iraq policy in
    general.

    Four French citizens have been identified in 2004 as killed
    while fighting in Iraq.  Amidst concerns that radical
    Islamists with French citizenship were beginning to enter
    Iraq to fight Multinational and Iraqi forces and commit
    terrorist acts in Iraq, the Paris Prosecutor,s office opened
    an investigation into a possible network of Islamists
    recruiting French citizens to fight in Iraq.  That
    investigation is ongoing.

    On October 8, an early morning bomb exploded in front of the
    Indonesian Embassy in Paris.  No one was killed, although the
    bomb caused significant damage.  French authorities continue
    to investigate the bombing.  However, responsibility for the
    investigation was transferred to the counter-terrorism
    section of the Paris Prosecutor,s office, signifying that
    the French government suspects terrorism as a motive.

    French and Spanish authorities have jointly made significant
    progress in combating Basque separatist groups, including the
    ETA.  In early October, French police arrested Mikel Albizu
    Iriarte and Soledad Iparraguirre, two suspected ETA leaders.
    They also arrested at least sixteen other suspects, and
    seized money and hundreds of pounds of explosives.  In 2004,
    the French and Spanish governments have formed two joint
    investigative teams, one focusing on al-Qaida-related groups
    and the second focusing on Basque separatist groups.

    Despite a truce announced in November 2003 by the main
    Corsican separatist movements ) the FLNC Union of Combatants
    ) the island continues to experience low-level terrorist
    activities.  Examples include the bombing of selected
    commercial and symbolic sites, the machine-gunning of a local
    gendarmerie post in October, and a rocket attack against
    another gendarmerie post in May.  No one was killed in these
    attacks, most of which occurred at night.  According to
    French authorities, there have been 76 explosions at police
    stations in Corsica over the last three years.  French police
    arrested in November twelve of 14 suspected members of the
    &Clandestini Corsi8 group, which claimed responsibility for
    seven recent attacks targeting Corsican residents of north
    African ancestry.

    At the administrative level, France continued its policy of
    expulsions for non-French citizens engaged in what the French
    government considered activities that promote hate.  In
    response to sermons from several Muslim clerics determined to
    have threatened public order by calling for jihad, Parliament
    passed a law in July stating that a foreigner can be deported
    for publicly supporting acts of hatred, discrimination or
    violence against any specific person or group of persons.
    The highest profile expulsion in 2004 was that of Muslim
    prayer leader Abdelkader Bouziane, who was first expelled to
    Algeria in April, then returned to France after an
    administrative court suspended that ruling.  Bouziane, who
    had made widely publicized statements condoning wife beating,
    was expelled a second time on October 5.  In addition, Midhat
    Guler, a Turkish mosque leader and accused leader of the
    extremist group &Kaplan,8 was expelled on April 29.
    Although expulsions have long been a favorite tool used by
    French authorities, in 2004 they gained more prominence.
    Interior Minister de Villepin publicly stated he would make
    expulsion procedures faster and easier.

    In June, following the passage of a law giving new regulatory
    powers to the Conseil Superieur d,Audiovisuel (CSA),
    France,s FCC-equivalent, the CSA began sanctions proceedings
    against al-Manar, a Hezbollah-affiliated satellite television
    station, and al-Alam, a satellite television station based in
    Iran.  The CSA accused both stations of anti-Semitic
    programming, propaganda in favor of suicide bombings, and the
    diffusion of hate.  The subsequent granting of a limited
    broadcast license to al-Manar on November 19 was
    controversial, and prompted Prime Minister Raffarin to
    declare that al-Manar was &incompatible with French
    values.8  After reviewing al-Manar programming after it
    received its broadcast license, the CSA again petitioned the
    Conseil d,Etat, France,s highest administrative court, to
    ban the station.  On December 13, the Conseil d,Etat agreed
    with the CSA, and ordered al-Manar off French airwaves.  In
    addition, Raffarin has asked the European Union to weigh in
    on the issue of &non-European8 media and their broadcasting
    of programs that are incompatible with European values
    concerning hate and anti-Semitism.  It is clear that for many
    inside and outside the government, stations such as al-Manar
    and al-Alam pose a direct threat to French values, and in
    addition, serve as a rear-guard action fighting the
    government,s efforts to disseminate these values.

    In February, the French government banned satellite
    television station Medya TV from broadcasting in France.
    Medya TV is affiliated with PKK/Kongra Gel, which is listed
    as a terrorist organization by the European Union.

    Worries over the rise of radical Islam in France have
    prompted Interior Minister Sarkozy, followed by his
    successor, Interior Minister de Villepin, to propose a number
    of steps to combat this threat.  Some, mentioned earlier,
    focus on better coordination between the many French services
    that deal with terrorism.  Other steps focus on the need to
    better integrate France,s minority Muslim population.
    Villepin stated December 7 that it was unacceptable that &of
    the 1200 imams who practice in our country, 75 percent are
    not French and one-third do not speak our language.8  He
    proposed, among other things, the creation of a foundation to
    manage money destined for Muslim groups in France and offer
    greater transparency and oversight of overseas fundraising
    for Muslim institutions in France.  According to the Ministry
    of Interior, approximately 50 of 1,685 Muslim places of
    worship are considered to have ties to radical Islam.
    Wolff

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