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### Viewing cable 05BAGHDAD3877, MEDIA REACTION: IRAQI GOVERNMENT, CONSTITUTION,

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05BAGHDAD3877 | 2005-09-19 18:06 | 2011-08-24 16:30 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Baghdad

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    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

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    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 BAGHDAD 003877

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR INR/R/MR, NEA/PPD, NEA/PPA, NEA/AGS, INR/IZ, INR/P

    E.0. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: OPRC KMDR KPAO IZ
    SUBJECT: MEDIA REACTION: IRAQI GOVERNMENT, CONSTITUTION,
    TERRORISM; BAGHDAD

    SUMMARY: Discussion on the Constitution and Terrorism were
    the major editorial themes of the daily newspapers on
    September 19, 2005. END SUMMARY.

    -------------------------------
    TABLE OF CONTENTS
    -------------------------------

    ¶A. "The Birth of the Constitution was Typical yet Advanced"
    (Az-Zaman, 9/19)
    ¶B. "Revision" (Al-Adala, 9/19)
    ¶C. "We Have Debated Our Constitution for the Benefit of the
    Americans over Iraqis"
    (Al-Qasid, 9/19)
    ¶D. "How to Maintain a Healthy Democracy" (Al-Taakhi, 9/19)

    SELECTED COMMENTARIES
    ----------------------------------------

    ¶A. "The Birth of the Constitution was Typical yet Advanced"
    (Az-Zaman, independent, recently anti-coalition, published
    the page-fifteen column by Murtadha Hadi Shahtoor about the
    constitution)

    "Preparations for drafting our permanent Iraqi constitution
    were different from other well-known methods for drafting
    constitutions in modern countries. Modern states have
    typically used their constitutions as frameworks to plan
    policies, insure human rights and freedom, and to implement
    law and order. In spite of all the terrorism that has
    prevailed in Iraq and the absence of an Iraqi national
    compact (combined with the occupation of Iraq), a committee
    was established to draft our constitution.

    "In fact, there are several ways to draft constitution and
    throughout the world it is different for each country. These
    methods depend on the political awareness and maturity of
    each nation. Generally, there are two styles of
    constitutions drafting. The first is the non-democratic
    style which is represented by the `borrowed constitution.'
    This means that a ruler relinquishes some of his authority
    to his people in accordance with the provision of a borrowed
    constitution draft, such as: the French constitution in
    1814, the Russian constitution in 1906, and the Egyptian
    constitution in 1923.

    "The second is a contract constitution which means that a
    ruler bestows the constitution through cooperation between
    him and his people. This kind of constitution can be seen in
    the constitutions of: France in 1830, Greece in 1844,
    Romania in 1864, and Bulgaria in 1879... The democratic
    style comes in two ways also. The first is through a
    national assembly, where people elect a body to draft a
    constitution. We can see this type of constitution in:
    Belgium in 1831, Austria in 1920, India in 1949, and
    Pakistan in 1956.
    This second model is also represented by the referendum-like
    constitutions of Iraq in 1921, Italy in 1947 and Turkey in
    ¶1961.

    "I think that referendums can develop people's political
    ability and increase their participation in the process.
    With regards to our current constitution, we can see that
    the TAL has merged the two former types of constitutions. A
    national assembly was elected and that assembly established
    a committee to draft a constitution and this constitution
    must be approved by a referendum. The TAL has stated that
    this constitution can be rejected if two-thirds of voters in
    three provinces reject it. We think that the constitutional
    committee has been open to all Iraqi sects and we hope that
    the referendum will be successful for the sake of those
    efforts made to achieve our people's anticipations."

    ¶B. "Revision"
    (Al-Adala, affiliated with SCIRI led by Abdul Aziz Al-Hakim,
    published this page-three column by Dr. Ali Khalif)

    "Recent terrorist attacks have been dominated by slogans and
    incidents that have proven their treachery. These attacks
    have recently changed their methods, from general targets to
    specific ones-Zarqawi announced that he will target the
    Shi'a. He actually should have said this at the beginning of
    his campaign since his target all along has been the Shi'a.

    "We need to think again about Zarqawi's statement and the
    statements of the organizations and the associations that
    condemned his statement. The most important thing is that
    those associations' statements have proven that Zarqawi is
    alive and present where many other associations in the past
    have denied his existence... Zarqawi loathes the "Shiites
    because he is a creation of the deposed dictator who had the
    same hatred towards them. Zarqawi represents a segment of
    the series of genocide the former regime perpetrated against
    the Shi'a. Zarqawi could not hide his hatred when he accused
    patriotic and political Islamic groups that fought the
    former regime of killing the Iraqi people in an attempt to
    provoke sectarianism within Iraq's community...
    "We want to establish a new Iraq, which must be free from
    terrorism, injustice and tyranny. Hence, every one should
    work in order to achieve this goal and we should not remain
    silent about any genocide that may be committed against the
    Iraqi people. Many statements have been published condemning
    governmental operations against terrorists but it is not
    easy to understand whether or not these statements condemn
    terror because they use misleading expressions that make it
    difficult to determine their stance. These expressions have
    different meanings but in fact they attack the government
    more than condemning terrorism.

    "Some groups must revise their policies to bring them in
    line with the current reality. Indeed, there is no more
    tyranny and the political competition in this country must
    be civil--it can not depend on killing, beheading and
    kidnapping. We call on those groups to stop accusing others
    and join in the current political process. They should not
    think about their former dreams which evaporated when the
    sun of freedom and democracy rose in Iraq."

    ¶C. "We Have Debated Our Constitution for the Benefit of the
    Americans over Iraqis"
    (Al-Qasid, independent, published this back-page editorial
    by Mariam Al-Sunati)

    "As usual, our patriotic government has discussed Iraq's
    domestic affairs abroad. Last week, senior Iraqi leaders
    visited the U.S. and other countries and perhaps these
    visits are important in a normal situation but in a
    situation similar to the current Iraqi situation citizens do
    not care about such visits. Regarding the Iraqi
    constitution, which was submitted to the United Nations,
    there are many citizens who do not know anything about the
    articles of that constitution.

    "The IECI wanted to educate Iraqis about the constitution
    through the use of posters or commercials however we know
    that the constitution cannot be explained to people through
    such materials. Nevertheless, we were eager to hear the
    latest developments of National Assembly speaker Hachim Al-
    Hassani's meeting with the Speaker of the House Dennis
    Hastert. We knew that they discussed the political and
    constitutional process, as well as the security situation in
    Iraq. They confirmed that it was necessary to provide all
    suitable conditions to make the referendum successful. Thus,
    this visit was aimed to explain the referendum's process.
    But, we do not know how this visit will affect the
    constitutional process, which is most important for Iraqi
    political parties, civil society organizations and ordinary
    citizens.

    "The Iraqi National Assembly speaker should have established
    committees to explain the importance of the constitution's
    articles and paragraphs throughout the country. More than
    75% of Iraqis do not know about the constitution's articles,
    especially those articles agreed on between the United Iraqi
    Alliance and the Kurdish Coalition. We know that these two
    main lists have made some amendments to the draft
    constitution in consultation with the American Ambassador,
    who was a mediator and solved some crises.

    "We do not care if the constitution was explained to the
    Americans but we care about its explanation to the Iraqi
    people--we want them to know about the articles and
    paragraphs it contains. Iraqi citizens are fed up with
    television symposia that speak about the constitution
    because these fora do not give citizens any information on
    the constitution's articles or paragraphs. Iraqi citizens do
    not even know how many pages there are in the draft
    constitution because our newspapers haven't gotten them yet.
    On the other hand, the United Nations and the United States
    know all those details because the draft constitution
    reached them before it reached the Iraqi people."

    ¶D. "How to Maintain a Healthy Democracy"
    (Al-Taakhi, affiliated with KDP, pro-coalition, published
    this front-page editorial by editor in chief Badrkhan Al-
    Sindi)

    "The value of democracy, like any other ideology, is only
    equal to the space it occupies on paper if it's not
    transformed into actions and implemented socially,
    economically, and politically.
    "We can classify democracy into two realms: healthy and
    sick. Most leaders and politicians, of course, call for a
    healthy democracy, not a sick one. It's better not to have a
    democracy than to have an unhealthy one. In the case of non-
    democratic regimes we find that society is continually in a
    condition of struggling and anticipating the emergence of
    democracy. Whole societies remain disappointed and
    suspicious; the question is how did they become sick?

    "Dysfunctional democracies emerge from the top when rulers,
    who have been selected by the people, begin becoming
    tyrants, ruling tyrannically and dismissing any democratic
    traditions-they forget that power is for the people and not
    for the rulers. Sickness also infects democracy from the
    bottom up through disorders, lack of a cohesive social
    fabric, and lack of security.

    "In the case of Iraq, it seems that both factors have
    contributed to create the current drama. But, it's still not
    too late to rule out the emergence of a democratic scene in
    Iraq. In order to fight any form of dictatorship or act that
    affects the democratic path it is necessary to practice self-
    criticism and truthfulness as an essential duty of
    patriotism-individually or in political groups. For we are
    all passengers of the same ship and we don't want to leave
    anyone to drown or be left behind; we believe we are
    responsible for working hard to avert chaos and sectarian
    infighting that may lead to civil war.

    "There is a call in to the Iraqi government requesting that
    it work hard and be aware in its dealings with the daily
    running of the country to ensure the goal is to serve all
    Iraqis. This is the best way to ensure that democracy in
    Iraq is healthy and that we're on the right path."

    SATTERFIELD

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