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### Viewing cable 05ANKARA775, CONVERSION OF CEKMECE RESEARCH REACTOR AND RETURN

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05ANKARA775 | 2005-02-09 15:27 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Ankara

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 ANKARA 000775

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: ENRG KNNP TRGY TU
    SUBJECT: CONVERSION OF CEKMECE RESEARCH REACTOR AND RETURN
    OF SPENT FUEL

    REF: STATE 1484

    ¶1. Summary:  A DOE-State team visited Ankara and Istanbul
    January 14-17 to meet with officials of the Turkish Atomic
    Energy Commission (TAEK) and operators of the TR-2 research
    reactor at the Cekmece Nuclear Research Center.  Discussions
    focused on possible Turkish participation in a combined
    shipment of high enriched spent fuel from the Eastern
    Mediterranean in September 2005.  TAEK noted its general
    agreement with the shipment but raised questions about how it
    would affect the ability of the TR-2 to continue operating
    without a new supply of fresh LEU fuel.  The US team agreed
    to take the Turkish questions back to Washington for
    interagency review and technical analysis with the intention
    of making a detailed proposal before the end of February.  If
    an agreement in principle can be reached by that time Turkish
    participation in a Septermber shipment can probably be
    arranged.  A summary report of the discussions and activities
    during the visit is at para. 8  End summary.

    ¶2.  A DOE-State team visited Ankara and Istanbul January
    14-17 to meet with officials of the Turkish Atomic Energy
    Commission (TAEK) and operators of the TR-2 research reactor
    at the Cekmece Nuclear Research Center.  The purpose of the
    visit was to discuss possible Turkish participation in a
    combined shipment of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) to the United
    States planned for September 2005 and to evaluate the
    condition of the fuel and the capability of the facility to
    support such a shipment.  The proposed shipment would
    included SNF from research reactors in Austria, Israel and
    Greece as well as irradiated fuel containing HEU from TR-2.

    ¶3.  Charles Messick of DOE Savannah River Site, Allan Krass
    of State/NP/NE and Emboff Kevin Lyon met with TAEK in Ankara
    on Friday, January 14, while Michael Dunsmuir and Randall
    Dunavant of Westinghouse Savannah River visited the small
    Triga research reactor at Istanbul Technical University
    (ITU).  The latter visit resulted in an understanding that
    the ITU reactor, which uses only LEU fuel, would not be
    interested in participating in a spent fuel shipment at this
    time.  The full team, with the addition of Nicholas Jenkings
    of NAC International, DOE,s shipping contractor, visited the
    TR-2 facility at Cekmece on Monday, January 17.

    ¶4.  In Ankara, Messick presented an overview of the Foreign
    Research Reactor (FRR) Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Acceptance
    Program and the proposal that Turkey participate in the
    proposed September shipment.  It was made clear to TAEK that
    under the rules of the program Turkey, as an "other than high
    income economy" would not have to pay either the shipping
    costs or the DOE management fee for the spent fuel.   Messick
    also emphasized the program requirements that the operators
    agree to convert the reactor from HEU to LEU fuel and to
    cease irradiation of all the HEU to be shipped at least 90
    days before the scheduled fuel loading.

    ¶5.  The primary TAEK interlocutors were President Mr. Okay
    CAKIROGLU, Director Dr. Sevket Can and Reactor Department
    Head Dr. Sinan Taylan.  They made clear TAEK,s continued and
    expanding interest in both nuclear power and nuclear research
    and noted that they not only wanted to resume operation of
    the TR-2 after seismic upgrading, but that they planned to
    increase its operating power from 5 to 10 Megawatts and to
    build a new research reactor at a site near Ankara.  The TAEK
    officials noted their agreement in principle to participating
    in the shipment but also noted specific requests for
    consideration that would eliminate any risks to the
    successful operation of the TR-2.  In particular they noted
    that the reactor could continue to operate for some time on
    their inventory of partially burned HEU assemblies, and they
    suggested that a satisfactory way would have to be found to
    replace the unused HEU with LEU before they could agree to
    participate.  Mr. CAKIROGLU also requested that TAEK be
    permitted to keep a single unirradiated HEU assembly
    containing about 280 grams of HEU.  The U.S. side agreed to
    take these requests back to Washington for interagency
    discussion and also asked TAEK to provide a technically
    detailed proposal for what it wants to do with the one fresh
    assembly.

    ¶6.  At Cekmece on Monday the full team was given a tour of
    the TR-2 reactor.  After the tour Messick, Krass and Lyon
    continued discussion on contract and policy issues, while the
    Savannah River and NAC reps examined the condition of the
    fuel and the transferring and loading capabilities of the
    facility.  A list of discussion items, agreements and
    proposed actions is provided in the summary record in para.8.
     The most important of these from the policy point of view
    are the question of consideration for unused HEU.
    DOE and State will discuss these requests and prepare a
    detailed proposal for TAEK.  Experts from the Reduced
    Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors Program will be
    consulted for technical advice and will communicate with Dr.
    Taylan to clarify the operational requirements that must be
    satisfied.  It was understood by both sides that, in order to
    achieve a shipment in September, these issues must be
    resolved by the end of February in order to reach an
    agreement in principle on Turkish participation.  It was also
    agreed that TAEK, in consultation with the US Embassy, would
    look into the possibility of shipping the SNF from a port
    closer to the Mediterranean than Istanbul.  This would have
    the advantage of shortening the ship voyage and could have
    other efficiency and security
    advantages as well.

    ¶7.  Inspection of the fuel found no significant corrosion or
    damage that might delay or prevent a shipment.  The SNF pool
    water was judged to be of good quality, however there was
    visual indication that a small amount of algae was present.
    There did not appear to be any insurmountable problems in
    transferring the fuel from the reactor pool to shipping casks
    and getting those casks to an appropriate
    port for loading on the ship.  TAEK understands that it is
    likely that the ship will already have SNF from other
    countries on board and that this may require some special
    licensing and security activities.  But they expressed no
    concern that this could not be handled satisfactorily in the
    time available.

    ¶8.    The following is the trip report completed by the
    Department of Energy representative.  This report was shared
    with TAEK and contains more exact details of the findings and
    actions needed to be taken prior to the return of the fuel
    rods.

    Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK)
    Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center (CNAEM)
    Istanbul, Turkey

    TR-2
    January 14 -17, 2005

    VISITING TEAM

    Mr. Charles Messick,
    Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office
          (charles.messick@srs.gov);
    803-725-9494;
    803-725-8856 (fax)

    Dr. Allan Krass,
    Department of State,
    Office of Nuclear Energy Affairs; (KrassAS@state.gov)

    Mr. Michael Dunsmuir,
    Westinghouse-Savannah River Company (WSRC);
    (michael.dunsmuir@srs.gov)

    Mr. Randy Dunavant,
    WSRC, (randall.dunavant@srs.gov)

    Mr. Nick Jenkins, NAC International

    KEY PERSONNEL IN TURKEY

    Mr. Okay CAKIROGLU, President TAEK
          Tel: 90-312-287-5723
          Fax: 90-312-287-8761
          Email:  okay@taek.gov.tr

    Dr. Erdener BYROL, Vice President TAEK
          Tel: 90-312-287-6536
          Fax: 90-312-287-8761
          Email:  erdener.birol@taek.gov.tr

    Mr. Ali ALAT, Vice President TAEK
          Tel: 90-312-284-0264
          Fax: 90-312-287-8761
          Email:  ali.alat@taek.gov.tr

    Dr. Sevket CAN, Director Cekmece Nuclear Research and
    Training Center
          Tel: 90-212-548-2223
          Fax: 90-212-548-2230
          Email:  cans@nukleer.gov.tr

    Dr. Sinan TAYLAN (Primary POC)
    Head Reactor Department Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training
    Center
          Tel: 90-212-548-4050/2101
          Fax:  90-212-548-2230/34
          Email:  taylans@nukleer.gov.tr

    Mr. Hakan ANAC
    Reactor Shift Supervisor, CNAEM
          Tel: 90-312-286-4174
          Fax: 90-312-285-9055
          Email:  Aysun.Yucel@TAEK.gov.tr

    Mrs. Aysun YUCEL
    TAEK Nuclear Safety Department Head
    Tel: 90-212-548 4050
    Fax: 90-212-548 2234
    Email: kayas@nukleer.gov.tr

    Dr. Tahir AKBAS,
    TAEK Technology Department Head
    Tel: 90-312-285 9256
    Email: tahir.akbas@taek.gov.tr

    Professor Hasan SAYGIN,
    Director Istanbul Technical
    University Reactor
    Tel: 90-212-285-2930
    Fax: 90-212-285-3939
    Email: sayginh@itu.edu.tr

    KEY EMBASSY PERSONNEL

    Mr. Kevin Lyon, EXBS Advisor
    Political/Military Section
    Tel: 90-312-455-5555 ext. 2525
    Fax: 90-312-468-4775
    Email: LyonK@state.gov

    PURPOSE OF THE VISIT

    To discuss U. S. nuclear weapons nonproliferation policy and
    program issues concerning the Foreign Research Reactor (FRR)
    Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Acceptance Program,  to discuss
    potential implementation of a near-term shipment of SNF from
    the TR-2 Research Reactor and contractual changes to support
    these activities, to evaluate the HEU SNF for transportation
    and future storage at the Savannah River Site, to evaluate
    the equipment and capabilities of the facility to package and
    prepare the material for shipment, and to determine shipment
    needs and requirements.  WSRC also conducted a brief review
    of the TRIGA fuel located at the Nuclear Energy Institute at
    Istanbul Technical University (ITU).

    INTRODUCTION

    The Turkish Atomic Energy Commission was founded in 1956 as a
    first step in the recognition of peaceful uses of nuclear
    energy in Turkey.  The first task of this Commission was the
    establishment of the ekmece Nuclear Research and Training
    Center (CNAEM) in 1962 in Istanbul.  The first Turkish
    Research Reactor, TR-1 (1 MW), was also installed and
    operated in the same year at CNAEM.  TR-1 was operated
    continuously for fifteen years from May 27, 1962 to September
    13, 1977.   The 32 fuel assemblies from TR-1 were sent to SRS
    in 1984.  The TR-1 reactor was functionally replaced by the 5
    MW TR-2 reactor in 1982 to meet the increasing demand for
    radioisotopes.  The TR-1 reactor components still exist at
    CNAEM.

    At the time of this visit, the most recent operation of the
    TR-2 reactor occurred on January 7, 2005 for
    approximately 4 hours.  The reactor is operated briefly
    approximately once per week.  TAEK has plans to increase
    power from 5 MW to 10 MW in the future.  Currently, 18 HEU
    fuel assemblies and three LEU fuel assemblies are in the core.

    The ITU-TRR is a TRIGA Mark II type reactor.  Construction
    was started in 1975 and initial criticality occurred in 1979.
     The reactor operates at 250kW using the original core
    consisting of 69 stainless-steel-clad LEU rods. In 1999, the
    reactor had accumulated approximately 231 MWhr of operation.
    Ten fresh TRIGA rods remain at ITU, two of which are
    instrumented.  Additional information can be found in the
    previous DOE trip report meeting minutes dated October 13,
    ¶1999.

    FUEL INVENTORY

    The TR-2 fuel assemblies are MTR type assemblies.

    Characteristics of TR-2 fuel and control assemblies that may
    be returned to the U.S. are provided below.

    HEU
    Nominal Number at Facility
    30  Consisting of:
    18 standard (23 plates),
    1 fresh control instrumented assembly
    2 irradiation (12 plates)
    1 standard instrumented assembly
    8 control (17 plates))

    Enrichment   93.3 %
    Fuel Meat   U-Al alloy
    Clad         Al
    Initial U-235(g) /assembly
    281 standard (2 irradiation@146; 1 std instrumented@281; and
    1 control instrumented @ 208 )
    Burn-up     40% average

    LEU

    Nominal Number at Facility
    16  Consisting of:
    10 standard (23 plates)
     2 irradiation (12 plates)
     4 control (17 plates)
    Enrichment  19.8%
    Fuel Meat   U3SI Dispersion in Al
    Clad  Al
    Initial U-235 (g) / assembly
    406 standard (300 control, 212 irradiation)
    Burnup      (see below)

    Only two standard LEU assemblies and one irradiation assembly
    are in the core at present.  The standard
    elements have a burnup of about 7.5% and the irradiation
    assembly 12.5%.

    Note 1: One of the irradiation assemblies is a fresh LEU
    assembly.  The irradiation assemblies have 12 plates (TR2
    1004) with tubes in the center for irradiation activities.
    The assembly construction is slightly different from the
    standard assembly.

    Note 2: TAEK also has approximately 110 pins about 15' high,
    1/2' diameter, containing  1% U-235, that were provided by
    Brookhaven National Laboratory for a pile experiment in the
    1960s.  TAEK did not request that these be considered for
    acceptance.

    Note 3:  The instrumented assemblies are both HEU, one with
    little burnup and the other unirradiated.

    CONDITION OF FUEL

    All spent fuel is stored in the large part of the TR-2 pool.
    Most of the fuel is stored in two baskets located on the
    floor of the pool.  The assemblies in the core are located in
    the TR-2 side of the pool.  The reactor pool is stainless
    steel lined.  All spent fuel is stored in aluminum racks.
    Fresh fuel is stored in a vault located one floor below the
    reactor.

    An evaluation of fuel was conducted by WSRC.  A detailed
    report from WSRC will be issued under separate report.  The
    reactor pool water is high quality and the fuel appears to be
    in good condition; however there was visual indication that a
    small amount of algae was present.  Reactor personnel
    reported that one standard assembly and one control assembly
    are suspected of leaking during the previous visit in 1999.

    FACILITIES RELATED TO PACKAGING

    Mr. Nick Jenkins of NAC International conducted a detailed
    evaluation of the facilities related to packaging for
    consideration of conducting a future shipment.  The overhead
    bridge crane capacity is 10 metric tons.  There is about six
    meters (20 feet) between the crane hook and the top of the
    reactor pool.  On the bottom level of the reactor building
    there is a small transfer cask, about 40 centimeters in
    diameter that was used to remove fuel from the reactor in
    1984 and load the fuel into a shipping cask.  The transfer
    cask is in good condition and weighs about 1 ton.  Also
    stored on this level is the water tank that was used to mate
    with the IU-04 cask that was used to ship the TR-1 fuel to
    the U.S.

    The reactor building access doors are approximately 3 meters
    wide x 5 meters high and open onto an asphalt paved area.
    The access doors open into a partial ground level floor of
    the reactor building that has a floor load of 20 tons.  The
    outside area leading to the reactor access airlock has
    sufficient working area and is accessed by a   9 meters (30
    feet) wide road leading into a turnaround area just outside
    the reactor access airlock that is   9mX18m (30, x 60,).

    A demineralized water supply is available.

    POTENTIAL TRANSPORTATION ROUTE FROM THE REACTOR TO THE
    PORT OF EXPORT

    During the previous visit, M. Ozal stated that the best
    transportation route would be to take the shore road from the
    facility to the Istanbul Old City and load the truck/cask
    onto one of the truck/vehicle ferries departing from the
    piers at the base of the Galata Bridge.  The ferry would then
    proceed across the Bosphorus to Harem where the truck would
    drive off the ferry and travel a short distance to the
    general cargo piers located there.  Another suggestion was
    made to consider a a route to the same port in Istanbul that
    travels over the "Fatih Bridge" across the Bosphorus along a
    more convenient road.  However, further considerations for a
    port would be to move the casks further south toward the
    Mediterranean Sea for greater shipment efficiency.

    REGULATORY AUTHORITY

    The TR-2 at the Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center
    is part of the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority.  There is no
    separate nuclear regulatory authority in Turkey at the
    present time.

    POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS

    No significant problems have been identified.

    DISCUSSIONS, AGREEMENTS, AND ACTIONS

    1.)   The following documents were provided to the reactor
    operator:
         Compilation of Contract Clauses for Countries with
    Other Than High Income  Economies
         Revision 8 of Appendix A
         Revision 9 of Appendix B
         The FRR SNF Acceptance Program Record of Decision with
    Changes No. 1 through 3 and Fee Policy notices for high
    income economy countries and other-than-high income economy
    country reactor operators.

    2.)   Previous discussions, agreements, and actions were
    documented in the DOE Trip Report from    October 12, 1999.

    3.)   TAEK understands that DOE desires to establish a
    shipment of FRR SNF from the eastern Mediterranean area to
    arrive in the United States in September 2005.  TAEK and DOE
    agreed that a shipment may be possible if an agreement in
    principal can be reached, particularly regarding an agreement
    for consideration for TAEK,s unused U-235 in the existing
    HEU fuel.  TAEK expects to deplete the HEU, if continued to
    be used, to 60% burnup.  DOE agreed to reply to TAEK
    regarding U-235 consideration in TAEK,s HEU fuel.
    Additionally, TAEK desires to receive any potential
    replacement fuel prior to the shipment of their HEU.

    4.)   TAEK and DOE discussed that a contract between another
    FRR in Europe and CERCA is being made to fabricate fuel
    essentially identical to the LEU fuel that would be needed by
    TAEK, and that a fresh LEU material shipment to CERCA from
    DOE,s Y-12 facility is expected in about two months.

    5.)   TAEK has been informed that if TR-2 were to make a
    shipment of fuel to the United States, TAEK would be treated
    for contractual purposes according to the economic status of
    the country at the time of the shipment in accordance with
    the Federal Register Notice for Fee Policy.

    6.)   The DOE and TAEK also understand that TAEK will be
    expected to provide assistance to the shipment effort to the
    extent possible given their technical capabilities at the
    time of the shipment.  Additionally, DOE and TR-2 understand
    that specific responsibilities for tasks will be negotiated
    within the contract.

    7.)   TAEK indicated that there was a desire to restart the
    reactor for short periods with fuel       identified for
    return shipment.  DOE and TAEK will negotiate further reactor
    operation with fuel that will be returned to ensure
    sufficient cooling time will exist to meet shipping
    requirements.

    8.)   TAEK has been informed that the shipment of SNF from
    TR-2 may be combined with other countries, shipments and as
    such it is possible that when the vessel arrives in Turkey,s
    port of export, it could have SNF from other countries on
    board.

    9.)   TAEK understands that the DOE FRR SNF Acceptance
    Program has been extended for 10 additional years and as
    such, after full conversion to LEU fuel, LEU fuel assemblies
    with uranium enriched in the United States would be eligible
    for return to the United States under the FRR SNF Acceptance
    Program if the fuel is removed from the core (no longer
    irradiated) prior to May 13, 2016 and the shipment completed
    prior to May 13, 2019.

    10.)  Mr. Okay CAKIROGLU requested to keep the one fresh HEU
    fuel assembly with an agreement that TAEK would not use the
    assembly if an agreement to participate is made.  DOE asked
    that TAEK submit a request with appropriate justification and
    conditions

    11.)  TAEK and DOE agreed that Dr. TAYLAN and Dr. Jim Matos
    of Argonne National Laboratory will       communicate
    regarding the potential uses of the unused U-235 remaining in
    TAEK,s HEU fuel.

    12.)  TAEK,s existing LEU fuel was manufactured by CERCA.
    Specifications are contained in CERCA     drawing 2588200
    dated April 12, 1991 for the control assemblies and CERCA
    drawing 2588100 dated April 4, 1991 for the standard
    assemblies.

    13.)  TAEK and DOE understand that TAEK currently has uranium
    credit at DOE,s Y-12 Facility.     According to Y-12 the
    credit is for 4.703 Kg at 85.6%, which translates to
    approximately 21 Kgs of LEU at 19.75% enrichment.  Exact
    amounts must be verified.

    14.)  Mr. Kevin Lyon of the US Embassy in Ankara agreed to
    investigate the potential use of other ports in Turkey that
    may make a shipment from TR-2 more efficient for a combined
    shipment.

    ¶9.  This cable was drafted by State NP/NE, Allan Krass, and
    cleared by relevant Washington offices.

    EDELMAN

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