Currently released so far... 64621 / 251,287

### Articles

Brazil Sri Lanka United Kingdom Sweden 00. Editorial United States Latin America Egypt Jordan Yemen Thailand

### Browse latest releases

2010/11 2010/12 2011/01 2011/02 2011/03 2011/04 2011/05 2011/06 2011/07 2011/08
2010/11/28 2010/11/29 2010/11/30
2010/12/01 2010/12/02 2010/12/03 2010/12/04 2010/12/05 2010/12/06 2010/12/07 2010/12/08 2010/12/09 2010/12/10 2010/12/11 2010/12/12 2010/12/13 2010/12/14 2010/12/15 2010/12/16 2010/12/17 2010/12/18 2010/12/19 2010/12/20 2010/12/21 2010/12/22 2010/12/23 2010/12/25 2010/12/26 2010/12/27 2010/12/28 2010/12/29 2010/12/30
2011/01/01 2011/01/02 2011/01/04 2011/01/05 2011/01/07 2011/01/09 2011/01/11 2011/01/12 2011/01/13 2011/01/14 2011/01/15 2011/01/16 2011/01/17 2011/01/18 2011/01/19 2011/01/20 2011/01/21 2011/01/22 2011/01/23 2011/01/24 2011/01/25 2011/01/26 2011/01/27 2011/01/28 2011/01/29 2011/01/30 2011/01/31
2011/02/01 2011/02/02 2011/02/03 2011/02/04 2011/02/05 2011/02/06 2011/02/07 2011/02/08 2011/02/09 2011/02/10 2011/02/11 2011/02/12 2011/02/13 2011/02/14 2011/02/15 2011/02/16 2011/02/17 2011/02/18 2011/02/19 2011/02/20 2011/02/21 2011/02/22 2011/02/23 2011/02/24 2011/02/25 2011/02/26 2011/02/27 2011/02/28
2011/03/01 2011/03/02 2011/03/03 2011/03/04 2011/03/05 2011/03/06 2011/03/07 2011/03/08 2011/03/09 2011/03/10 2011/03/11 2011/03/13 2011/03/14 2011/03/15 2011/03/16 2011/03/17 2011/03/18 2011/03/19 2011/03/20 2011/03/21 2011/03/22 2011/03/23 2011/03/24 2011/03/25 2011/03/26 2011/03/27 2011/03/28 2011/03/29 2011/03/30 2011/03/31
2011/04/01 2011/04/02 2011/04/03 2011/04/04 2011/04/05 2011/04/06 2011/04/07 2011/04/08 2011/04/09 2011/04/10 2011/04/11 2011/04/12 2011/04/13 2011/04/14 2011/04/15 2011/04/16 2011/04/17 2011/04/18 2011/04/19 2011/04/20 2011/04/21 2011/04/22 2011/04/23 2011/04/24 2011/04/25 2011/04/26 2011/04/27 2011/04/28 2011/04/29 2011/04/30
2011/05/01 2011/05/02 2011/05/03 2011/05/04 2011/05/05 2011/05/06 2011/05/07 2011/05/08 2011/05/09 2011/05/10 2011/05/11 2011/05/12 2011/05/13 2011/05/14 2011/05/15 2011/05/16 2011/05/17 2011/05/18 2011/05/19 2011/05/20 2011/05/21 2011/05/22 2011/05/23 2011/05/24 2011/05/25 2011/05/26 2011/05/27 2011/05/28 2011/05/29 2011/05/30 2011/05/31
2011/06/01 2011/06/02 2011/06/03 2011/06/04 2011/06/05 2011/06/06 2011/06/07 2011/06/08 2011/06/09 2011/06/10 2011/06/11 2011/06/12 2011/06/13 2011/06/14 2011/06/15 2011/06/16 2011/06/17 2011/06/18 2011/06/19 2011/06/20 2011/06/21 2011/06/22 2011/06/23 2011/06/24 2011/06/25 2011/06/26 2011/06/27 2011/06/28 2011/06/29 2011/06/30
2011/07/01 2011/07/02 2011/07/04 2011/07/05 2011/07/06 2011/07/07 2011/07/08 2011/07/10 2011/07/11 2011/07/12 2011/07/13 2011/07/14 2011/07/15 2011/07/16 2011/07/17 2011/07/18 2011/07/19 2011/07/20 2011/07/21 2011/07/22 2011/07/23 2011/07/25 2011/07/27 2011/07/28 2011/07/29 2011/07/31
2011/08/01 2011/08/02 2011/08/03 2011/08/05 2011/08/06 2011/08/07 2011/08/08 2011/08/09 2011/08/10 2011/08/11 2011/08/12 2011/08/13 2011/08/15 2011/08/16 2011/08/17 2011/08/18 2011/08/19 2011/08/21 2011/08/22 2011/08/23 2011/08/24

### Browse by creation date

66 72 73 75 79 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
1966/12
1972/02 1972/03 1972/08
1973/04 1973/10
1975/03
1979/08
1985/01 1985/02 1985/03 1985/05 1985/06 1985/10
1986/02 1986/05 1986/08 1986/09 1986/11 1986/12
1987/04 1987/06 1987/09 1987/12
1988/01 1988/03 1988/04 1988/07 1988/08 1988/09 1988/10 1988/11 1988/12
1989/01 1989/03 1989/04 1989/06 1989/09 1989/11 1989/12
1990/01 1990/02 1990/03 1990/07 1990/08 1990/10 1990/11 1990/12
1991/01 1991/03 1991/05 1991/06 1991/07 1991/08 1991/09 1991/11
1992/01 1992/03 1992/06 1992/07 1992/09 1992/11 1992/12
1993/01 1993/02 1993/04 1993/07 1993/10 1993/12
1994/05 1994/06 1994/08 1994/11 1994/12
1995/01 1995/04 1995/06 1995/08 1995/09 1995/10 1995/11
1996/07 1996/08 1996/09 1996/11
1997/01 1997/02 1997/03 1997/05 1997/06 1997/08 1997/10 1997/11 1997/12
1998/02 1998/05 1998/07 1998/08 1998/11 1998/12
1999/01 1999/09 1999/10 1999/11 1999/12
2000/04 2000/05 2000/06 2000/07 2000/08 2000/09 2000/10 2000/11 2000/12
2001/01 2001/02 2001/03 2001/04 2001/05 2001/06 2001/07 2001/08 2001/09 2001/10 2001/11 2001/12
2002/01 2002/02 2002/03 2002/04 2002/05 2002/06 2002/07 2002/08 2002/09 2002/10 2002/11 2002/12
2003/01 2003/02 2003/03 2003/04 2003/05 2003/06 2003/07 2003/08 2003/09 2003/10 2003/11 2003/12
2004/01 2004/02 2004/03 2004/04 2004/05 2004/06 2004/07 2004/08 2004/09 2004/10 2004/11 2004/12
2005/01 2005/02 2005/03 2005/04 2005/05 2005/06 2005/07 2005/08 2005/09 2005/10 2005/11 2005/12
2006/01 2006/02 2006/03 2006/04 2006/05 2006/06 2006/07 2006/08 2006/09 2006/10 2006/11 2006/12
2007/01 2007/02 2007/03 2007/04 2007/05 2007/06 2007/07 2007/08 2007/09 2007/10 2007/11 2007/12
2008/01 2008/02 2008/03 2008/04 2008/05 2008/06 2008/07 2008/08 2008/09 2008/10 2008/11 2008/12
2009/01 2009/02 2009/03 2009/04 2009/05 2009/06 2009/07 2009/08 2009/09 2009/10 2009/11 2009/12
2010/01 2010/02

### Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
Embassy Athens Embassy Asuncion Embassy Astana Embassy Asmara Embassy Ashgabat Embassy Apia Embassy Antananarivo Embassy Ankara Embassy Amman Embassy Algiers Embassy Addis Ababa Embassy Accra Embassy Abuja Embassy Abu Dhabi Embassy Abidjan Consulate Auckland Consulate Amsterdam Consulate Alexandria Consulate Adana American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn Embassy Bujumbura Embassy Buenos Aires Embassy Budapest Embassy Bucharest Embassy Brussels Embassy Bridgetown Embassy Brazzaville Embassy Bratislava Embassy Brasilia Embassy Bogota Embassy Bishkek Embassy Bern Embassy Berlin Embassy Belmopan Embassy Belgrade Embassy Beirut Embassy Beijing Embassy Banjul Embassy Bangui Embassy Bangkok Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan Embassy Bamako Embassy Baku Embassy Baghdad Consulate Belfast Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou Embassy Copenhagen Embassy Conakry Embassy Colombo Embassy Chisinau Embassy Caracas Embassy Canberra Embassy Cairo Consulate Curacao Consulate Ciudad Juarez Consulate Chiang Mai Consulate Chennai Consulate Chengdu Consulate Casablanca Consulate Cape Town Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe Embassy Dublin Embassy Doha Embassy Djibouti Embassy Dili Embassy Dhaka Embassy Dar Es Salaam Embassy Damascus Embassy Dakar DIR FSINFATC Consulate Dusseldorf Consulate Durban Consulate Dubai Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Freetown Consulate Fukuoka Consulate Frankfurt
Embassy Guatemala Embassy Grenada Embassy Georgetown Embassy Gaborone Consulate Guayaquil Consulate Guangzhou Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki Embassy Harare Embassy Hanoi Consulate Hong Kong Consulate Ho Chi Minh City Consulate Hermosillo Consulate Hamilton Consulate Hamburg Consulate Halifax
Iran RPO Dubai Embassy Islamabad Consulate Izmir Consulate Istanbul
Embassy Jakarta Consulate Johannesburg Consulate Jerusalem Consulate Jeddah
Embassy Kyiv Embassy Kuwait Embassy Kuala Lumpur Embassy Kolonia Embassy Kinshasa Embassy Kingston Embassy Kigali Embassy Khartoum Embassy Kathmandu Embassy Kampala Embassy Kabul Consulate Krakow Consulate Kolkata Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg Embassy Lusaka Embassy Luanda Embassy London Embassy Lome Embassy Ljubljana Embassy Lisbon Embassy Lima Embassy Lilongwe Embassy Libreville Embassy La Paz Consulate Leipzig Consulate Lahore Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE Mission USNATO Mission UNESCO Mission Geneva Embassy Muscat Embassy Moscow Embassy Montevideo Embassy Monrovia Embassy Mogadishu Embassy Minsk Embassy Mexico Embassy Mbabane Embassy Maseru Embassy Maputo Embassy Manila Embassy Manama Embassy Managua Embassy Malabo Embassy Madrid Consulate Munich Consulate Mumbai Consulate Montreal Consulate Monterrey Consulate Milan Consulate Merida Consulate Melbourne Consulate Matamoros Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott Embassy Nicosia Embassy Niamey Embassy New Delhi Embassy Ndjamena Embassy Nassau Embassy Nairobi Consulate Nuevo Laredo Consulate Naples Consulate Naha Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Ouagadougou Embassy Ottawa Embassy Oslo
Embassy Pristina Embassy Pretoria Embassy Praia Embassy Prague Embassy Port Of Spain Embassy Port Moresby Embassy Port Louis Embassy Port Au Prince Embassy Podgorica Embassy Phnom Penh Embassy Paris Embassy Paramaribo Embassy Panama Consulate Peshawar
Embassy Quito Consulate Quebec
REO Mosul REO Kirkuk REO Hillah REO Basrah Embassy Rome Embassy Riyadh Embassy Riga Embassy Reykjavik Embassy Rangoon Embassy Rabat Consulate Rio De Janeiro Consulate Recife
Secretary of State Embassy Suva Embassy Stockholm Embassy Sofia Embassy Skopje Embassy Singapore Embassy Seoul Embassy Sarajevo Embassy Santo Domingo Embassy Santiago Embassy Sanaa Embassy San Salvador Embassy San Jose Consulate Surabaya Consulate Strasbourg Consulate St Petersburg Consulate Shenyang Consulate Shanghai Consulate Sapporo Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis Embassy Tripoli Embassy Tokyo Embassy Tirana Embassy The Hague Embassy Tel Aviv Embassy Tehran Embassy Tegucigalpa Embassy Tbilisi Embassy Tashkent Embassy Tallinn Consulate Toronto Consulate Tijuana Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York USMISSION USTR GENEVA USEU Brussels US Office Almaty US Mission Geneva US Mission CD Geneva US Interests Section Havana US Delegation, Secretary US Delegation FEST TWO UNVIE UN Rome Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius Embassy Vientiane Embassy Vienna Embassy Vatican Embassy Valletta Consulate Vladivostok Consulate Vancouver
Embassy Windhoek Embassy Wellington Embassy Warsaw
Embassy Yerevan Embassy Yaounde Consulate Yekaterinburg
Embassy Zagreb

### Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
AMGT ASEC AEMR AR APECO AU AORC AS ADANA AJ AF AFIN AMED AM ABLD AFFAIRS AMB APER ACOA AG AA AE ABUD ARABL AO AND ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG AID AL ASCH AADP AORD ADM AINF AINT ASEAN AORG AY ABT ARF AGOA AVIAN APEC ANET AGIT ASUP ATRN ASECVE ALOW AODE AGUILAR AN ADB ASIG ADPM AT ACABQ AGR ASPA AFSN AZ AC ALZUGUREN ANGEL AIAG AFSI ASCE ABMC ANTONIO AIDS ASEX ADIP ALJAZEERA AFGHANISTAN ASECARP AROC ASE ABDALLAH ADCO AMGMT AMCHAMS AGAO ACOTA ANARCHISTS AMEDCASCKFLO AK ARSO ARABBL ASO ANTITERRORISM AGRICULTURE AFINM AOCR ARR AFPK ASSEMBLY AORCYM AINR ACKM AGMT AEC APRC AIN AFPREL ASFC ASECTH AFSA ANTXON AFAF AFARI AX AMER ASECAF ASECAFIN AFZAL APCS AGUIRRE AIT ARCH AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL AOPC AMEX ARM ALI AQ ATFN AMBASSADOR AORCD AVIATION ARAS AINFCY ACBAQ AOPR AREP ALEXANDER AMTC AOIC ABLDG ASEK AER ALOUNI AMCT AVERY APR AMAT AEMRS AFU AMG ATPDEA ALL AORL ACS AECL AUC ACAO
BA BR BB BG BEXP BY BRUSSELS BU BD BTIO BK BL BO BE BMGT BM BN BWC BBSR BTT BX BC BH BEN BUSH BF BHUM BILAT BT BTC BMENA BBG BOND BAGHDAD BAIO BP BRPA BURNS BUT BGMT BCW BOEHNER BOL BASHAR BOU BIDEN BTRA BFIN BOIKO BZ BERARDUCCI BOUCHAIB BEXPC BTIU
CPAS CA CASC CS CBW CIDA CO CODEL CI CROS CU CH CWC CMGT CVIS CDG CTR CG CF CD CHIEF CJAN CBSA CE CY CB CW CM CDC COUNTRY CLEARANCE CHR CT COE CV COUNTER CN CPUOS CTERR CVR CVPR COUNTRYCLEARANCE CLOK CONS CITES COM CONTROLS CAN CACS CR CACM CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF COMMERCE CAMBODIA CZ CJ CFIS CASCC COUNTERTERRORISM CAS CONDOLEEZZA CLINTON CTBT CEN CRISTINA CFED CARC CTM CARICOM CSW CICTE CJUS CYPRUS CNARC CBE CMGMT CARSON CWCM CIVS CENTCOM COPUOS CAPC CGEN CKGR CITEL CQ CITT CIC CARIB CVIC CAFTA CVISU CHRISTOPHER CDB CEDAW CNC COMMAND CENTER COL CAJC CUIS CONSULAR CLMT CBC CIA CIS CEUDA CHINA CAC CL
DR DJ DEMOCRATIC DEMARCHE DA DOMESTIC DISENGAGEMENT DRL DB DE DHS DAO DCM DHSX DARFUR DAVID DO DEAX DEFENSE DEA DTRO DPRK DARFR DOC DK DTRA DAC DOD DIEZ DMINE DRC DCG DPKO DOT DEPT DOE DS DKEM
ECON ETTC EFIS ETRD EC EMIN EAGR EAID EFIN EUN ECIN EG EWWT EINV ENRG ELAB EPET EIND EN EAIR EUMEM ECPS ES EI ELTN ET EZ EU ER EINT ENGR ECONOMIC ENIV EK EFTA ETRN EMS EPA ESTH ENRGMO EET EEB EXIM ECTRD ELNT ETRA ENV EAG EREL ENVIRONMENT ECA EAP ECONOMY EINDIR EDUARDO ETR EUREM ELECTIONS ETRC EICN EXPORT EMED EARG EGHG EINF ECIP EID ETRO EAIDHO EENV EURM EPEC ERNG ENERG EIAD EAGER EXBS ED ELAM EWT ENGRD ERIN ECO EDEV ECE ECPSN ENGY EL EXIMOPIC ETRDEC ECCT EINVECON EUR ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EFI ECOSOC EXTERNAL ESCAP EITC ETCC EENG ERA ENRD EBRD ENVR ETRAD EPIN ECONENRG EDRC ETMIN ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ELAP EPIT EDUC ESA EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC EIVN EBEXP ESTN EGOV ECOM EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS ETRDGK ENVI ELN EPRT EPCS EPTED ERTD EUM EAIDS ETRB EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EDU EV EAIDAF EDA EINTECPS EGAD EPREL EINVEFIN ECLAC EUCOM ECCP ELDIN EIDN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ECPC ECONOMICS ENERGY EIAR EINDETRD ECONEFIN ECOWAS EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EFIM ETIO EATO EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS ENRGIZ EAC ESPINOSA EAIG ENTG EUC ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ESENV ECINECONCS ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN
FR FI FOREIGN FARM FAO FK FCSC FREEDOM FARC FAS FJ FIN FINANCE FAC FBI FTAA FM FCS FAA FETHI FRB FRANCISCO FORCE FTA FT FMGT FCSCEG FDA FERNANDO FINR FIR FDIC FOR FOI FKLU FO FMLN FISO
GM GERARD GT GA GG GR GTIP GB GH GZ GV GE GAZA GY GJ GEORGE GOI GCC GMUS GI GABY GLOBAL GUAM GC GOMEZ GUTIERREZ GL GOV GKGIC GF GU GWI GARCIA GTMO GANGS GIPNC GAERC GREGG GUILLERMO GASPAR
HA HYMPSK HO HK HUMAN HR HU HN HHS HIV HURI HDP HUD HUMRIT HSWG HUMANITARIAN HIGHLIGHTS HUM HUMANR HL HILLARY HSTC HCOPIL HADLEY HOURANI HARRIET HESHAM HI HNCHR HEBRON HUMOR
IZ IN IAEA IS IMO ILO IR IC IT ITU ID IV IMF IBRD IWC ICAO INF ICRC IO IPR IRAQI ISO IK ISRAELI IDB INFLUENZA IRAQ INL IQ ICES IRMO IRAN ISCON IGAD ITALY INTERNAL ILC ISSUES ICCAT IADB ICTY ICTR ITPGOV ITALIAN IQNV IRDB INMARSAT INCB INRB ICJ ISRAEL INR IFO ITRA IEA ISPA IOM ITRD IL IHO IFAD IPROP IDLI ISCA INV IBB ISPL INRA INTELSAT ISAF IRS IEF ITER ISAAC ICC INDO IIP IATTC IND INS IZPREL IAHRC IEFIN IACI INNP IA INTERPOL IFIN IRAJ IX IF ITPHUM ITA IP IZEAID IRPE IDA ISLAMISTS ITF INRO IBET IDP IRC
JA JM JO JCIC JKJUS JP JK JOSEPH JOSE JAPAN JOHN JE JS JUS JN JOHNNIE JKUS JAMES JML JAWAD JIMENEZ
KMDR KPAO KOMC KNNP KFLO KDEM KSUM KIPR KFLU KE KCRM KJUS KAWC KZ KSCA KDRG KCOR KGHG KPAL KTIP KMCA KCRS KPKO KOLY KRVC KVPR KG KWBG KTER KS KN KSPR KWMN KV KTFN KFRD KU KSTC KSTH KISL KGIC KAPO KSEP KDP KFIN KTEX KTIA KUNR KCMR KCIP KMOC KTDB KBIO KMPI KSAF KFEM KUNC KPRV KIRC KACT KRMS KNPT KMFO KHIV KHLS KPWR KCFE KREC KRIM KHDP KVIR KNNNP KCEM KIRF KGIT KLIG KNUP KSAC KNUC KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KTBT KSCI KIDE KPGOV KLPM KTDD KOCI KNNC KOMS KBCT KLFU KLAB KSEO KICC KJUST KUWAIT KSEC KUK KEDEM KJRE KMRS KSRE KREISLER KSCS KPIR KPOA KESS KCOM KWIR KIVP KRCM KGLB KPOW KPOL KSEAO KNAP KCUL KPREL KREF KPRP KICA KPMI KPRM KQ KPOP KFSC KPFO KPALAOIS KRM KBWG KCORR KVRC KR KFTN KTTB KNAR KINR KWN KCSY KIIP KPRO KREL KFPC KW KWM KRFD KFLOA KMCC KIND KNEP KHUM KSKN KT KOMO KDRL KTFIN KSOC KPO KGIV KSTCPL KSI KNNB KNDP KICCPUR KDMR KFCE KIMMITT KMNP KOMCSG KGCC KRAD KCRP KAUST KWAWC KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KMSG KTIAPARM KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KMIG KSEI KLSO KWNN KHSA KCRIM KNPP KPAONZ KWWW KGHA KY KCRCM KGCN KPLS KPAOY KRIF KTRD KTAO KJU KBTS KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KO KEMR KENV KEAI KWAC KFIU KWIC KNNO KPAI KTBD KILS KPA KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KERG KLTN KLIP KTLA KAWK KVRP KAID KX KWCI KNPR KCFC KNEI KFTFN KTFM KCERS KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KBTR KEDU KIRL KNNR KMPT KPDD KPIN KDEV KAKA KFRP KINL KWWMN KWBC KA KOM KWNM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KWMNCS KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KWMM
LY LE LABOR LH LN LO LAB LT LAURA LTTE LG LU LI LA LB LOTT LORAN LAW LVPR LARREA LEBIK LS LOVE LR LEON LAVIN LOG
MU MARR MX MASS MOPS MNUC MCAP MTCRE MRCRE MTRE MASC MY MK MDC MG MO MEPN MW MILI MCC MR MEDIA MZ MEPP MOPPS MA MAS MI MP MIL MV MC MD MCA MT MARITIME MOPSGRPARM MAAR MOROCCO MCAPS MOOPS ML MN MEPI MNUCPTEREZ MTCR MUNC MPOS MONUC MAR MGMT MENDIETA MARIA MONTENEGRO MURRAY MOTO MACP MINUSTAH MCCONNELL MGT MARQUEZ MANUEL MNUR MF MOHAMMAD MAPP MOHAMED MNU MFA MTS MLS MIAH MEETINGS MERCOSUR MED MARAD MNVC MINURSO MIK MARK MBM MILITARY MAPS MILA MACEDONIA MICHEL MASSMNUC MUCN MQADHAFI MPS MARRGH
NZ NATO NI NO NU NG NL NPT NS NP NA NASA NSF NTTC NAS NEA NANCY NSG NRR NATIONAL NKNNP NMNUC NSC NC NE NR NARC NGO NELSON NATEU NDP NIH NK NIPP NERG NSSP NSFO NATSIOS NFSO NTDB NT NCD NEGROPONTE NATOIRAQ NAR NZUS NCCC NH NAFTA NEW NRG NUIN NOVO NATOPREL NEY NV NICHOLAS NPA NW NORAD NPG NOAA
OPRC OPDC OTRA OECD OVIP OREP ODC OIIP OAS OSCE OPIC OMS OIC OFDA OEXC OFDP OPCW OCED OIE OSCI OM OPAD ODIP OPCD OCII ORUE ODPC OPPI ORA OCEA OREG OUALI OMIG ODAG OPREP OFFICIALS OSAC OEXP OPEC OFPD OMAR ORC OAU OPDP OIL OVIPPRELUNGANU OSHA OTRD OPCR OF OFDPQIS OSIC OHUM OTR OBSP OGAC OTRAORP OESC OVP ON OES OTAR OCS
PREL PGOV PARM PINR PHUM PM PREF PTER PK PINS PBIO PHSA PE PBTS PA PL POL PAK POV POLITICS POLICY PROP PRELTBIOBA PKO PO PIN PNAT PU PHAM PALESTINIAN PTERPGOV PGOVPREL PKPA PHYTRP PP PTEL PREC PENA PRM PELOSI PAS PRELAF PRE PUNE PSOE POLM PRELKPAO PIRF PGPV PARMP PRELL PVOV PROV POLUN PS PHUMPTER PROG PRELGOV PERSONS PERURENA PKK PRGOV PH POLITICAL PLAB PDEM PCI PRL PREM PINSO PEREZ PPAO PERM PETR PERL PBS PGOVZI PINT PARMS PCON PETERS PRELBR PMIL PSOCI PF PLO PNUM PTERM PJUS PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PAO PTBS PROTECTION PRELPK PGOVENRG PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PARTIES PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PAIGH PARK PETER PPREL PTERPREL PHUS PKPO PGOVECON POUS PMAR PWBG PAR PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PTE PY PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PGOVPM PRELEVU PGOR PRELKPAOIZ PBTSRU PGVO PHUMR PPD PGV PRAM PINL PSI PKPAL PPA PTERE PGOF PINO PREO PHAS PRHUM PHUMA PGO PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PEDRO PASS PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PHUMPREL PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PAHO PHUMPGOV PGOC PNR
QA QI QT QM QADRI
RS RP RU RW RFE RCMP RIGHTSPOLMIL REFORM RO REACTION REPORT ROW ROBERT REL RIGHTS RA RELATIONS REGION RAFAEL REGIONAL RAY ROBERTG RPREL RAMONTEIJELO RM RATIFICATION RREL RBI RICE ROOD RODENAS RUIZ RELFREE RODHAM RGY RUEHZO RELIGIOUS RODRIGUEZ RUEUN RELAM RSP RF REO ROSS RENE RUPREL RI REMON RPEL RSO
SCUL SENV SOCI SZ SNAR SO SP SU SY SMIG SYR SA SW SG SF SR SYRIA SNARM SPECIALIST START SNIG SCI SI SGWI SE SIPDIS SANC SADC SELAB SN SETTLEMENTS SENVENV SCIENCE SENS SPCE SENC SCOM SPAS SECURITY SL SOCIETY SOSI SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR SEN SPECI ST SENVCASCEAIDID SC SECRETARY STR SNA SOCIS SEP SK SHUM SYAI SMIL STEPHEN SNRV SKCA SENSITIVE SECI SCUD SCRM SGNV SECTOR SAARC SENVSXE SASIAIN SWMN STEINBERG SOPN SOCR SCRS SILVASANDE SWE SARS SNARIZ SUDAN SENVQGR SNARKTFN SAAD SD SAN SIPRNET SM STATE SFNV SSA SPCVIS SOFA SCULKPAOECONTU SPTER SKSAF SENVKGHG SHI SEVN SPSTATE SMITH SH SNARCS SNARN SIPRS
TBIO TW TRGY TSPA TU TPHY TI TX TH TIP TC TSPL TNGD TS TZ TP TK TURKEY TERRORISM TPSL TINT TRSY TERFIN TPP TT TF TECHNOLOGY TE TAGS TECH TRAFFICKING TN TJ TL TO TD TREATY TR TA TIO THPY TPSA TRAD TNDG TVBIO TWI TV TWL TWRO TAUSCHER TRBY TSPAM TREL TRT TNAR TFIN TPHYPA TWCH THOMMA THOMAS TERROR TRY TBID
UK UNESCO UNSC UNGA UN US UZ USEU UG UP UNAUS UNMIK USTR UY UNSCD USUN UV UNDC UNRWA UNPUOS USAID UNSCR UNODC UNHCR UNRCR UNDP UNCRIME UA UNHRC UNEP UNBRO UNCSD UNO UNCND UNCHR USTRUWR USAU UNICEF UNCC USPS UNOMIG UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV UNFICYP UR UNAMA UNCITRAL UNVIE USTDA USNC USTRPS USCC UNEF UNGAPL UNSCE USSC UEU UNMIC UNTAC USDA UNCLASSIFIED UNA UNCTAD UNMOVIC USGS UNFPA UNSE USOAS USG UE UAE UNWRA UNION UNCSW UNCHS UNDESCO UNC UB UNSCS UKXG UNGACG UNHR USPTO UNCHC UNFCYP UNIDROIT
VM VE VT VZ VN VEPREL VEN VTPREL VC VIP VTEG VOA VTEAID VTIZ VISIT VO VENZ VAT VI
WHTI WIPO WTRO WHO WI WFP WHA WTO WMO WEET WZ WBG WS WE WA WEF WAKI WILLIAM WHOA WSIS WCI WCL WMN WEBZ WW WWBG WMD WWT WWARD WITH WMDT WTRQ WCO WALTER WEU WB WBEG
XA XX XW XK XL XM XS XF XG XT XY XR XH XB XO XD XV XI XE XC XJ XU XZ XQ XP XFNEA XTAG
YM YI YE YMOEXC YL YMCS YOUSSEF
ZI ZU ZM ZK ZL ZP ZOELLICK ZF ZR ZA ZCTU ZO ZIM ZANU ZJ ZB ZN ZH ZT ZFR ZEALAND ZW ZXA

### Browse by classification

CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL//NOFORN SECRET SECRET//NOFORN UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

### Community resources

Follow us on Twitter Check our Reddit Twitter this Digg this page Contact us on IRC

courage is contagious

### Viewing cable 04DUBLIN1719, SECRETARY SNOW,S DISCUSSIONS WITH THE ARCHITECTS

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:

- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.

To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #04DUBLIN1719.

Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04DUBLIN1719 | 2004-11-24 16:43 | 2011-07-22 00:00 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Dublin

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 04 DUBLIN 001719

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/23/2014
    TAGS: OVIP ECON PREL ETRD EINV PGOV EU
    SUBJECT: SECRETARY SNOW,S DISCUSSIONS WITH THE ARCHITECTS
    OF THE CELTIC TIGER ECONOMY

    Classified By: Ambassador James C. Kenny for reasons 1.4 (b) and (d)

    ¶1.  (C) Summary: The November 14-15 visit of U.S. Treasury
    Secretary John W. Snow was an opportunity for discussion on

    SIPDIS
    the "secrets" of Ireland,s success with policy-makers and
    businessmen who were the architects of Ireland,s Celtic
    Tiger economy.  These key figures noted that while the
    concepts behind Ireland,s reforms had been simple, the
    political will to carry out the reforms had only come in the
    context of an economic meltdown in the mid-1980s.  They said
    that good-faith relations with labor, investment in
    education, and a "dictatorial" leadership that exposed
    industries to the full discipline of the market had been key
    to success.  Ireland,s skill in securing substantial EU
    support funds and in exploiting U.S. policy on corporate tax
    deferral was another important factor in Ireland,s economic
    turnaround.  Looking ahead, the policy-makers cited both the
    need to ensure Ireland,s continued competitiveness as a
    magnet for foreign direct investment and also the role of
    education in shaping Ireland as an innovation-based,
    higher-value economy.  Secretary Snow,s classroom discussion
    at Dublin City University (DCU) highlighted the role of
    higher education in promoting innovation and
    entrepreneurship.  End summary.

    ------------
    Introduction
    ------------

    ¶2.  (U) The November 14-15 visit of U.S. Treasury Secretary
    John W. Snow was an opportunity for substantive discussion on
    the "secrets" of Ireland,s economic success.  During a
    dinner hosted by the Ambassador and a lunch arranged by the
    Ulster Bank, Secretary Snow spoke with 16 policy-makers and
    businessmen (listed in para 12) who were instrumental in the
    emergence of the Celtic Tiger economy.  A breakfast with the
    American Chamber of Commerce and a classroom exchange at
    Dublin City University (DCU) reinforced the points made by
    these key figures.  The following are the principal insights
    that emerged from Secretary Snow,s visit (which are
    organized thematically, not in the sequential order in which
    they were discussed).

    --------------------------------------------- --------
    In the Beginning: Political Will and Industrial Peace
    --------------------------------------------- --------

    ¶3.  (C) Although the concepts behind Ireland,s reforms had
    been simple, the political will to carry out the reforms had
    only come in the context of the mid-1980s, economic
    meltdown, said Padraig O,hUiginn, former Secretary General
    in the Office of the Taoiseach (Prime Minister).  O,hUiginn
    recalled drafting a proposal for economic recovery during
    that era, using ideas that were "apparent to any first-year
    economics graduate student" ) cut the fiscal deficit, spur
    competition, lower corporate taxes, etc.  The ruling party at
    the time, Fine Gael, did not act on the proposal, but the
    Fianna Fail government elected in 1987 made the document the
    basis for the Program of National Recovery (PNR), which set
    forth the policies that underpinned Ireland,s economic
    turnaround.  Fianna Fail,s "great advantage" at the time,
    said O,hUiginn, was Ireland,s economic crisis; with 18
    percent unemployment and government debt at 130 percent of
    GDP, the political opposition, industry, and labor could not
    afford politically to impede solutions.  The PNR,s linchpin
    was labor,s decision to accept a moderate wage increases in
    exchange for income tax relief, which became the basic
    approach to successive national wage-setting (Social
    Partnership) agreements.  O,hUiginn recounted that the
    Government offered Irish pounds 700 million in tax relief in
    1987 and also cut the fiscal deficit, forcing the closure of
    several hospitals and the retrenchment of 16,000 civil
    servants.  He noted that the moderate wage increase
    incorporated in the PNR laid the foundation for Ireland,s
    competitiveness as an export platform and as a draw for
    foreign direct investment (FDI).

    ¶4.  (C) The Government,s good-faith dealings with unions in
    negotiating Social Partnership agreements were, and remained,
    central to Ireland,s economic success, said Peter Cassells,
    former General Secretary of the Irish Congress of Trade
    Unions.  According to Cassells, a shared understanding
    between unions and the Government on the importance of decent
    wages and housing for workers was the basis of labor,s
    commitment to the Social Partnership approach.  He added that
    the transparency and inclusiveness of wage-setting
    negotiations, in which even the most disgruntled union
    representatives were given voice, were also instrumental to
    success.  The typical industrial relations model in which
    union chiefs and politicians hammered out back-room
    agreements, in the mode of Lyndon Johnson and Lane Kirkland,
    would not have secured labor buy-in to economic reforms,
    Cassells asserted.  He further observed that the Social
    Partnership approach might not be replicable in other EU
    Member States, which typically were more populous than
    Ireland and had more diffuse union structures.

    ----------------------
    The Key: Human Capital
    ----------------------

    ¶5.  (C) The chief source of Ireland,s success has been its
    educated labor force, said EU Commissioner-designate and
    former Irish Finance Minister Charlie McCreevy.  He noted
    that the introduction of free primary and secondary education
    in the 1960-70s initially benefited other countries as much
    as Ireland, due to the emigration of educated Irish workers.
    As a young parliamentarian, moreover, McCreevy had warned
    that the 1970s, baby boom was a looming disaster, on the
    pretext that Ireland,s small, weak economy could not
    accommodate a future surge in labor, even with emigration.
    As it turned out, this large pool of young, educated workers
    became Ireland,s principal resource and the main attraction
    for foreign multinationals to establish subsidiaries in the
    country.  Far from a disaster, the period 1987-2003 saw the
    addition of 600,000 jobs to the economy and drop in the
    unemployment rate from 18 percent to 4 percent.  This
    success, concluded McCreevy, was primarily attributable to
    Ireland,s investment in human capital.

    ------------------------
    "Dictatorial" Leadership
    ------------------------

    ¶6.  (C) The implementation of reforms that underpinned
    Ireland,s economic recovery had required "dictatorial"
    leadership, said McCreevy.  This involved incenitivizing
    industries to achieve efficiencies by exposing them to the
    full discipline of the market, even at the risk of
    bankruptcies.  The challenge in this approach, explained
    McCreevy, was to press ahead with reforms in the face of
    elections, which provided temptations for politicians to
    adopt softer, more populist economic platforms.  Secretary
    Snow observed that whereas the gains from economic reforms in
    any country tended to be diffuse, the losses were often
    concentrated in particular sectors or geographic areas,
    making it easier for those affected to organize political
    opposition.  McCreevy commented that the test of any
    government was how well it explained to dislocated workers
    that the reforms responsible for their plight were good for
    the country.  Indecon Economic Consultants CEO Alan Gray
    separately pointed out that Ireland had succeeded, through
    education, in giving workers the skills to move across
    industries, to the point now where those laid off did not
    ask, "Do I have any hope of a job?" but rather "Which one of
    my new employment choices should I take?"

    -------
    EU Help
    -------

    ¶7.  (C) EU tools, primarily structural support funds, were
    another factor in the emergence of Ireland,s Celtic Tiger
    economy, explained former Prime Minister (1992-95) Albert
    Reynolds and Ray McSharry, former EU Commissioner and Irish
    Finance Minister.  Reynolds said that the Irish Government
    did not shy from viewing such tools as entitlements, since
    Ireland, as an island nation, faced additional challenges
    trading within the European Community.  He and McSharry
    recalled that Ireland had negotiated well to maximize the
    level of EU support.  For example, Reynolds claimed that he
    had obtained over euro one billion from Brussels as a result
    of a discussion with Chancellor Kohl in which Reynolds agreed
    to support Germany,s push for rapid EU enlargement.  EU
    Commissioner-designate McCreevy separately echoed Reynolds,
    points, saying that French Finance Minister Sarkozy,s
    proposal to reduce EU support for new Member States that
    applied low corporate tax rates was shortsighted.  McCreevy
    said that any EU measures to increase growth in the new
    Member States would redound to the benefit of the entire EU.

    ---------------------------
    U.S. Policy on Tax Deferral
    ---------------------------

    ¶8.  (C) The U.S. policy of tax deferral for foreign
    subsidiaries of American firms, combined with Ireland,s 12.5
    percent corporate tax rate, underpinned the large influx of
    U.S. investment to Ireland during the Celtic Tiger period,
    observed Padraic White, former CEO of Ireland,s Industrial
    Development Authority (IDA).  White recounted his numerous
    trips to the U.S. House of Representatives, Ways and Means
    Committee to defend tax deferral, and he argued that Senator
    Kerry,s plan to reverse tax deferral would have "killed
    Ireland," had he been elected.  White believed that
    complaints by the U.S. public about the job outsourcing that
    accompanied U.S. investment flows were wrong-headed.  U.S.
    subsidiaries in Ireland, he argued, were the principle reason
    that the United States had penetrated the personal computer,
    software, and pharmaceutical markets in Europe.  He further
    observed that under-performing U.S. companies were typically
    those that had not attempted to expand overseas.  Secretary
    Snow concurred that U.S. companies that were outsourcing
    overseas were those creating the most jobs in the United
    States.  He highlighted, however, the political difficulty of
    explaining outsourcing to the U.S. public, recalling slogans
    during the recent election campaign that criticized "Benedict
    Arnold CEOs."

    ------------------------------------------
    A Propitious Lack of Monetary Policy Tools
    ------------------------------------------

    ¶9.  (C) An ironic feature of Ireland,s success has been the
    Government,s lack of monetary policy tools, remarked Cormack
    McCarthy, Chief Executive of the Ulster Bank.  One might
    think that a country that had performed so well in terms of
    exports and investment would have relied heavily on interest
    rate and exchange rate levers, said McCarthy.  As a euro-zone
    member, in fact, Ireland had ceded control of its monetary
    policy to the European Central Bank.  The positive result,
    said McCarthy, were low interest rates.  He believed that if
    Ireland had remained control of monetary policy, the
    Government would have been tempted to raise interest rates to
    slow rapid growth in the late 1990s.  Instead, the low rates
    set by the ECB had been a boon to Ireland,s private sector
    and had lent a sense of stability and consistency to the
    Irish market for foreign investors.

    --------------------------------------------
    Looking Ahead: Competitiveness and Education
    --------------------------------------------

    ¶10.  (C) Looking ahead, the principal danger for Ireland is
    complacency, said Eoin O,Driscoll, Chairman of Forfas (the
    Government think-tank) and the Government-commissioned
    Enterprise Strategy Group (ESG).  Echoing the ESG,s recently
    published findings, O,Driscoll cited the need to ensure
    Ireland,s continued competitiveness as a magnet for foreign
    direct investment (FDI), which, he said, had driven the
    country,s economic transformation.  (U.S. and Irish
    businesspersons who attended the November 15 American Chamber
    of Commerce breakfast with Secretary Snow made similar
    points, noting that multinationals were increasingly
    attracted by low-cost manufacturing opportunities in China
    and India.)   O,Driscoll said that, just as industry and
    Government had collaborated in the 1990s to make Ireland a
    base for leading bio-pharmaceutical and IT companies, the
    country needed a new shared vision to go another rung higher
    in the production of innovative, high-value goods and
    services.  He note that this challenge would involve marrying
    innovation to better business practices, particularly in
    sales and marketing, and he praised the U.S. model of
    perfecting product designs in the market, as opposed to the
    European preference of the laboratory.  While Secretary Snow
    cautioned against government attempts to pick winners in the
    market, he ventured that the key to economic prosperity
    rested with countries like the United States that fostered a
    culture of innovation and entrepreneurship.

    ¶11.  (U) Secretary Snow,s classroom discussion with
    students, professors, and administrators at Dublin City
    University (DCU) was a venue for further discussion on the
    role of innovation, entrepreneurship, and academia in
    strengthening the Irish economy.  The event took place at
    DCU,s "Invent Center," which serves as a business incubator
    for student entrepreneurs and community start-up companies.
    Secretary Snow highlighted the centrality of education and

    SIPDIS
    intellectual capital to the modern, knowledge-based economy,
    and he explained that to embrace a market economy was to
    embrace ever-changing needs for new ideas and skills.  He
    also noted the difficulties that economists had encountered
    in finding ways to capture creativity, "that spark," in
    modeling economic activity.  DCU president Ferdinand von
    Prondzynski commented that the university had encountered a
    similar challenge, but espoused the belief that
    entrepreneurship could be taught, in the same way as poetry,
    painting, and other modes of creativity.  Prondzynski also
    stressed that innovation meant little without business
    skills, and he cited DCU requirements for students to
    establish relationships Irish entrepreneurs who had both
    succeeded and failed in bringing new ideas to the market.

    --------------------------------
    Participants in the "Architect"
    Discussions with Secretary Snow
    -------------------------------
    ¶12.  (U) Participants in the Ambassador,s November 14 dinner
    for Secretary Snow were: Charlie McCreevy, EU
    Commissioner-designate and former Irish Finance Minister;
    Dermot Desmond, financier; Eoin O,Driscoll, Chairman of
    Forfas and the Enterprise Strategy Group; Padraig White,
    former CEO of the Industrial Development Authority; and
    Padraig O,huiginn, Former Secretary General in the Office of
    the Taoiseach.  Attendees at the November 15 Ulster Bank
    lunch were: Ray McSharry, former EU Commisioner and Minister
    of Finance; Lochlann Quinn, co-founder of Glen Dimplex; Peter
    Cassells, former Secretary General of the Irish Congress of
    Trade Unions; Albert Reynolds, former Prime Minister
    (Taoiseach); Allan Gray, Chairman of Indecon Economic
    Consulting; Willie Walsh, CEO of Aer Lingus; Bill Harris,
    National Science Foundation Director; and Cormack McCarthy,
    David Pierce, and Michael Torpey of the Ulster Bank.

    ¶13.  (U) This cable has been cleared by Treasury DAS Nancy Lee
    KENNY

`