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### Viewing cable 04ANKARA3048, TIP: TURKISH MEDIA ATTENTION, MAY 2004

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04ANKARA3048 | 2004-06-02 15:36 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Ankara

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    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 ANKARA 003048

    SIPDIS

    DEPARTMENT FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, EUR/PGI, EUR/SE

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PREL KCRM PHUM KWMN SMIG KFRD PREF TU TIP IN TURKEY
    SUBJECT: TIP: TURKISH MEDIA ATTENTION, MAY 2004

    ¶1. (U) In response to G/TIP inquiries about GOT anti-TIP
    public information, post provides as examples the following
    TIP press reports published in national and international
    news media.  Text of the articles (originally published in
    Turkish unless otherwise noted) is provided through
    unofficial local FSN translation.
    ¶2. (U) Published Wednesday, June 2, 2004 by the English
    language Christian Science Monitor:
         TITLE: 'Radical' shift in Turkey's judiciary
         In a bid to join the EU, Turkish judges and
         prosecutors are being trained in the fundamentals of
         human rights law.  By Yigal Schleifer, Christian
         Science Monitor
         BEGIN TEXT: ISTANBUL, TURKEY - When a pro-Kurdish
         politician accused of supporting a terrorist
         organization was acquitted recently, the verdict made
         front-page news here. "Radical," was how the daily
         Milliyet described the case.

         The nation's State Security Courts (DGMs), tribunals
         that handle terrorism and political cases, cited
         European human rights law as the basis of the decision.
         In doing so, they marked a fundamental shift in the way
         Turkey's legal system is beginning to operate.

         "The DGMs Say Hello to Europe," the newspaper's
         headline read. But the two courts are not the only
         parts of the judiciary saying "hello" to Europe. Over
         the past few months, some 9,200 judges and prosecutors
         have been trained- in the largest program of its kind
         in Turkey - in the basic foundations of human rights
         law. It is a massive effort to help the country adopt a
         model more in line with European standards.

         The program, a project of the Turkish Ministry of
         Justice and the European Union, is one of numerous
         reforms undertaken by Turkey as it continues its bid to
         join the EU. One of the largest obstacles on the road
         to Brussels, thus far, has been the spotty human rights
         record of its criminal justice system.

         "This [training program] is part of being contemporary.
         At a certain point you have to respect human rights,"
         says Demet Gural, executive director of the Human
         Resources Development Foundation. "I wouldn't have
         imagined 10 years ago that the Ministry of Justice, for
         example, would be conducting human rights training for
         its staff."

         Reforms have ranged from ending the death penalty to
         loosening the military's control over civil affairs.
         Hoping to receive a positive answer from the EU this
         year about when accession negotiations may begin,
         Turkey has been passing reform packages at a rapid
         clip.

         So rapid, in fact, that the terrorism trial against 69
         people accused of helping organize the deadly Istanbul
         bombings last November was stopped as soon as it began
         in a state security court Monday. The defense argued
         that the case was not valid, since such DGMs are soon
         to be replaced with new tribunals more in line with
         European norms.

         Organizers of the human rights training program say
         they are trying to bridge an educational gap that some
         Turkish jurists may have. "In Turkish law schools, in
         their old program, there were no courses in human
         rights," says Ebru Dabbagh, the training program's
         coordinator. "They learned about human rights as a
         small part of the penal code or through international
         law, but they did not learn about it in detail."

         International standards

         Haluk Mahmutogullari, a judge who heads the Ministry of
         Justice's training division, says that although Turkish
         judges and prosecutors are not unaware of international
         human rights standards, the practical application of
         those standards has sometimes failed.
         "For the last years Turkey has been punished by the
         European Court of Human Rights quite often," he says,
         "which meant that we definitely should do something
         about it and find what we were doing wrong."

         Looking at such basic principles as property rights,
         freedom of association, and prohibitions against
         torture, the program brought European legal experts to
         Turkey to train a core group of 225 judges and
         prosecutors who are now in charge of instructing their
         colleagues.

         The program is one of several initiated over the past
         year that have attempted to familiarize Turkish judges,
         prosecutors, and policemen with international human
         rights standards.

         Many experts say these programs reflect a change in how
         the Turkish state is starting to view international
         laws and standards.

         "Turkish judicial circles had always kept a sort of
         nationalistic approach to international human rights
         law, but there is a change," says Turgut Tarhanli,
         director of the Human Rights Law Research Center at
         Istanbul Bilgi University, which has taken some 60
         judges and prosecutors to legal seminars in Sweden and
         the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg,
         France.

         "They are now starting to look at cases through a human
         rights lens," he says. "There are still problems, but a
         real change has started."

         Turkey's human rights record, eroded for years by
         charges of torture, police brutality, and questionable
         legal proceedings has been shaped by the country's
         turbulent recent history.

         State versus individual

         A 1980 military coup led to a new constitution that
         enshrined state order over individual rights. During
         the bloody fight in the 80s and 90s against the
         militants of the separatist Kurdistan Workers Party
         (PKK), Turkey's courts were often used as a weapon in
         that battle.

         "In criminal law cases or civil law cases, mainly
         during the era of struggling against the PKK, the
         national interests of the state were a priority over
         the rights of the individual," says Mr. Tarhanli.

         But Turkey's hopes of joining the EU, as well as
         pressure from the US and the country's own civil
         society organizations, have changed the legal
         landscape.

         "At the state level there was no way [Turkey] could go
         on with the old regulations," says Mrs. Gural, whose
         organization began training jurists and policemen on
         international human-trafficking laws this year.

         Human rights activists point out that structural
         problems still remain, with cases of torture and
         freedom of expression violations still reported in the
         country. An EU report last year found that parts of the
         judiciary still do not always act "in an impartial and
         consistent manner."

         Tarhanli says "black holes" still exist in Turkish
         daily judicial work. Training programs in human rights
         law are a start, but he says a critical test is for the
         country's judges and prosecutors to take what they have
         learned and apply it in the cases that come before
         them.

         "The most important thing is to what extent can judges
         and prosecutors use these international instruments of
         law in their daily work?" he says. "To what extent can
         they use the knowledge they got in this training?" END
         TEXT.

    ¶3. (U) Published May 18, 2004 in English and Turkish by
    Anadolu News Agency and circulated in multiple national
    newspapers.

         TITLE: TURKEY SIGNS COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH EUROPOL
         BEGIN TEXT: ANKARA - Turkish Directorate General of
         Security and the European Law Enforcement Organization
         (Europol) signed on Tuesday cooperation agreement.
         In the signing ceremony held in Turkey's capital
         Ankara, Gokhan Aydiner, the Director General of
         Security said that security forces should closely
         follow technological developments, renew and make
         national and international cooperation in order to
         fight against crimes and criminals.
         Aydiner noted that crime gangs were using advanced
         technology to achieve their intentions and crimes had
         gone beyond national limits and had international
         dimensions.
         Stating that only one country's fight against
         terrorism and organized crime was not sufficient
         today, Aydiner said that international cooperation was
         obligatory.
         Aydiner said, "Europol is a law enforcement
         organization which handles criminal intelligence
         activities of the European Union (EU). Its aim is to
         improve the effectiveness and co-operation of the
         competent authorities in the Member States in
         preventing and combating serious forms of
         international organized crime."
         "Its mission is to assist the law enforcement
         authorities of Member States in their fight against
         serious forms of organized crime," Aydiner added.
         Europol Director Juergen Storbeck stressed that
         cooperation in countering terrorism was very important
         for EU and world countries.
         Storbeck said that terrorism was a global threat.
         Cooperation was necessary to prevent terrorism and
         capture criminals, Storbeck noted.
         Storbeck said that countries should also cooperate
         against illicit drug trafficking, human and arms
         trafficking, and forgery of valuable documents and
         credit cards.
         They had established a database for especially
         effective fight against drug trafficking, Storbeck
         pointed out.
         Touching on new Europol projects, Storbeck hoped that
         Turkish Directorate General of Security would be
         included in new Europol projects covering illegal
         immigration and human trafficking in the East
         Mediterranean.
         Storbeck said that Turkish police was exerting
         professional efforts in fighting against organized
         crime especially.
         Stating that Turkish police efforts constituted an
         example for bilateral cooperation agreements, Storbeck
         said that Turkey was a cornerstone in the fight
         against organized crime and criminals.
         Storbeck noted that they would have the opportunity to
         join experiences of Turkish police with Europol's
         facilities under the cooperation agreement.
         Noting that Turkey was not an EU member country yet,
         Storbeck said that however, Europol considered Turkey
         equal to EU member countries in its projects. END
         TEXT.
    ¶4. (U) Published in Turkish in the May 10, 2004 edition of
    Yeni Safak, a Turkish newspaper with nation-wide circulation
    page 3:

         BEGIN TEXT: Acting on a tip, Turkish National Police
         security teams from Istanbul's Foreigners Desk
         conducted an operation in Istanbul's Beykoz district,
         detaining a jewelry courier named R.P., who allegedly
         sold three Moldovan women A.T., V.P., and L.P.   In the
         house, the police found 6 passports belonging to
         foreign women.  It was said that the courier R.P.
         married V.P., a Moldovan citizen, but recently divorced
         her, though they continued living together.  The two
         brought women from Moldova promising employment for
         them, then kept their passports and sold them to men
         including some businessmen and bureaucrats for 1,500 or
         2000 USD.  The detainees were sent to the Public
         Prosecutor. END TEXT.

    ¶5. (U) Published in English by Radio Free Europe/Radio
    Liberty April 22, 2004:

         TITLE: Central Asia is becoming a major region of
         origin for human trafficking.

         BEGIN TEXT: Thousands of young women are either
         abducted or lured away from the country every year and
         sold into the sex trade. The problem is of particular
         concern in Tajikistan, which is still struggling to
         recover from a five-year civil war that has left many
         people desperate to find economic prospects abroad.

         Prague, 22 April 2004 (RFE/RL) -- Madina remembers
         vividly her ordeal at the hands of a human trafficker.
         This Tajik single mother was desperate to secure a
         better life for herself and her two children.

         Responding to an offer from a man she didn't know, she
         left Tajikistan with the hope of a respectable job and
         a good salary.

         "I was working in a local market [in Tajikistan]. One
         day a man talked to me and asked about my life. I told
         him that it was too hard, that I had a lot of problems,
         that I had two children and not enough money to feed
         them," she says. "I [am] divorced from my husband. Then
         he said: 'If you want you can come with me abroad.
         There are a lot of jobs [there] and I can help you to
         find one.' I believed what he said and I followed him."

         Madina says the man promised her she would be able to
         return home after just two months, and with a huge
         amount of money. But it soon became clear this was not
         the case. "We went to Turkey, but he tricked me. He
         took my documents and sent me to a brothel," she says.
         "I spent one year in brothels. It was a terrible time
         for me. I was sick. And when I returned to Tajikistan I
         had only $200. It was difficult to escape but finally I
         managed to do so."

         Madina is not alone. According to the International
         Office for Migration, some 646 Tajik women were
         forcibly trafficked by criminal groups from the country
         in 2002. Their destination is mainly the Persian Gulf,
         but some go to South Korea, Turkey, Southeast Asia, and
         Europe.

         Many leave believing they will find better economic
         prospects abroad. With an average monthly wage in
         Tajikistan of just $5, many women are desperate to find
         a way out of poverty.

         The actual figure of trafficking victims is difficult
         to determine. Many victims do not know to whom to turn
         in crisis situations and are afraid or ashamed of
         publicizing their cases.

         Until recently, Tajik authorities largely ignored the
         issue. But they now admit the existence of the problem
         and are trying to prevent it. In the country's new
         Criminal Code, adopted about 1 1/2 years ago, two
         articles were added addressing human trafficking for
         the first time.

         The Tajik parliament is now working on legislation to
         further strengthen the prohibition against human
         trafficking. Parliamentarian Sherkhon Salimov describes
         some of the changes: "We made a few changes to Articles
         339 and 340 of the Criminal Code.  According to these
         articles, people involved in preparing forged documents
         and in using those documents will be punished. We also
         made changes on several Criminal, Administrative, and
         Civil codes. Human trafficking is described as a crime
         punishable with prison terms."

         Until all these amendments are adopted, human
         traffickers will remain punishable only under the
         Criminal Code, which imposes jail terms of some 5-8
         years for convicted traffickers.

         But Tajik Deputy Prosecutor Azizmad Imomov says the
         laws should be completely reviewed, rather than
         amended, in order to ensure the country can fight human
         trafficking efficiently. "Some new articles from the
         Criminal Code -- which basically dates from the Soviet
         times -- are not enough to prevent human trafficking,
         because in the laws, the role of the prosecutors, the
         court and the police is quite unclear," he said.

         Meanwhile, the Tajik government is supporting
         preventive campaigns designed to inform the public --
         especially young women -- about the dangers of human
         trafficking. In particular, the campaigns urge people
         to be wary of offers of work abroad.

         Nigida Mamadjonova works for the International Office
         for Migration (IOM) in the Tajik capital Dushanbe. She
         says because it is difficult to help women who have
         already fallen victim to traffickers, preventing
         further such incidents is crucial. "According to
         unofficial data, more than 300 Tajik woman and girls
         have been arrested and imprisoned in the United Arab
         Emirates for prostitution. We are not involved in
         releasing them. Preventing them from being involved in
         this traffic is more important. It's our priority."

         The IOM has been carrying out countertrafficking
         information campaigns, spreading the word through
         television documentaries, talk shows, radio
         announcements, and the distribution of leaflets. The
         organization also set up an information center in
         Dushanbe earlier this year to help migrant laborers be
         aware of the risks.

         (Sojida Djakhfarova of RFE/RL's Tajik Service
         contributed to this report.) END TEXT.

    EDELMAN

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