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### Viewing cable 04BAGHDAD246, USEB 149: KIRKUK'S ARAB VILLAGES ADJUST TO

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04BAGHDAD246 | 2004-07-24 18:40 | 2011-08-24 16:30 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Baghdad

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    R 241840Z JUL 04
    FM AMEMBASSY BAGHDAD
    TO SECSTATE WASHDC 0361
    INFO SECDEF WASHINGTON DC
    WHITE HOUSE NSC WASHDC

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    UNCLAS  BAGHDAD 000246

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PGOV PREF IZ
    SUBJECT: USEB 149: KIRKUK'S ARAB VILLAGES ADJUST TO
    TRANSITION; IMPRESSIONS ON THE ROAD TO RASHAD

    ¶1. SUMMARY. The Arab villages west and south of Kirkuk are
    mostly poor and underdeveloped.  Thanks to extensive work
    by the Coalition Provisional Authority, USAID and U.S.
    military forces in the area, the USG has developed
    excellent working relationships with local tribal and
    political leaders.  A visit by Kirkuk Embassy Regional
    Office PolOffs on July 15 to two of these villages -
    Rashad and Yaychi - shows how villagers are adjusting to
    life after transition.  END SUMMARY.

    ----------------------
    U.S. MILITARY PRESENCE
    ----------------------

    ¶2. Changes in Rashad and Yaychi since the handover of
    sovereignty have been significant.  Violence has decreased,
    IED attacks against U.S. military convoys are at a post-
    liberation low, and local authorities take particular pride
    in keeping their villages crime free.  Gaines Mills, the
    nearest military forward operating base to both Rashad and
    Yaychi, houses a unit from the Second Brigade Combat Team
    of the 25th Infantry Division based at Kirkuk Air Base.
    The base sits in a huge open field 30 kilometers west of
    Kirkuk.  The only other FOB in the area - McHenry -- is 70
    kilometers away and covers the villages of Hawija, Riyad
    and areas further west.  In all, the two FOBs cover
    hundreds of villages, conducting patrols and engaging with
    local leaders on a regular basis.  Officers from the U.S.
    Embassy's Regional Office in Kirkuk accompany them when
    time permits.  They visited the towns on July 15.

    ------
    RASHAD
    ------

    ¶3. It took PolOffs 55 minutes to drive from Kirkuk to
    Rashad, 45 kilometers to the southwest.  Along the paved
    road, shacks sold ice, wheat and produce.  Lamb carcasses
    hung from hooks in the 110 degree heat of the morning.
    Along the way, a short bridge crossing an aqueduct flowed
    with water.  After the bridge, hints of greenery appeared,
    sunflowers and flocks of sheep and goats dotted the
    landscape.  Agriculture and livestock form the area's
    economic backbone.

    ¶4. Rashad Township consists of 66 villages, some with as
    few as three households, some with hundreds, covering a
    large area of Kirkuk Province that stretches south to the
    border with Salah al-Din.  The main road from Kirkuk to
    Tikrit bisects the region.  Unpaved roads lead to some
    villages, while others have no vehicle access at all.

    ¶5. A collection of mud and brick structures two minutes off
    the road make up Rashad, the main town in a district of
    20,000 people.  The majority of the population is Arab,
    mostly from the Al-Ubaidi tribe, one of the oldest and
    largest in Iraq.  The houses in the town blend into the
    surrounding brown terrain -- except for three new, white
    structures: the police station, the city council building,
    and the communications center.  Coalition funds built all
    three.

    ¶6. Except for three policemen standing guard outside the
    new station, Rashad's streets were empty when PolOffs
    arrived.  The police chief's office was spacious and air
    conditioned but plain.  His desk was bare except for the
    desk set, an Iraqi flag and a telephone on one corner.  The
    telephone only recently started working -- the first to
    work in the township since the liberation.

    ¶7. Ten men buzzed about inside the office.  Four wore
    traditional garb: headscarves and robes.  Two wore business
    attire.  The rest wore crisp, new police uniforms, all
    provided by CPA.  The men in traditional garb were shaikhs,
    including Shaikh Louis, the mayor of Rashad.

    -------------------------
    U.S. ASSISTANCE TO RASHAD
    -------------------------

    ¶8. The U.S. military has provided USD 400,000 in assistance
    to Rashad since liberation, drawn from the Commander's
    Emergency Relief Program (CERP).  The money paid for police
    checkpoints, new schools, bridges, water trucks and the
    communications center.

    ¶9. Shaikh Louis pointed out that the village's needs remain
    great: water, electricity, roads and a new hospital.
    Residents cannot safely consume the local well water, and
    the six water trucks that CPA bought for  USD 20,000 cannot
    deliver to all the villages.  If the Coalition were to pave
    more roads, Shaikh Louis said, water delivery would be
    easier.  Electrical service is erratic, and the mayor said
    Rashad needs additional electrical lines.  To get medical
    aid, citizens must be taken to Kirkuk.  There are two local
    doctors, but they are ill-equipped.  The police chief said
    that when one of his men is shot, there is no way to
    provide emergency treatment short of driving to Kirkuk.

    ----------
    CEREMONIES
    ----------

    ¶10. At the city council building, the mayor and the local
    U.S. military commander raised the Iraqi flag over the
    building in a symbolic display of the handover from CPA
    authority to local governance.  Speeches followed, with
    town council members and civil servants braving the intense
    midday heat to attend.  Two U.S. government-funded members
    of the Kirkuk press recorded the event.

    ¶11. The big event on July 7, when PolOffs visited, was the
    opening of the new communications center.  The center has
    the capacity for 500 telephone lines, where none existed in
    the town since the war.  Before the opening, residents of
    Rashad had to drive to Kirkuk to make a phone call.

    --------------------
    THE KURDISH QUESTION
    --------------------

    ¶12. Few Kurds live in the surrounding area, but animosity
    toward them is strong.  Two policemen had been shot and
    wounded in Rashad the night before PolOffs' visit, one
    fatally.  Describing the incident the police chief said it
    was surely the work of "outsiders," meaning Kurdish
    infiltrators.

    ¶13. There were also complaints about ministry offices in
    Kirkuk, many now dominated by Kurds.  For example, Rashad's
    leaders complained that the Department of Water, which is
    run by Kurds, has stopped up the water pipes that Arab
    farmers depend on to water their crops.  The mayor and
    others listed additional grievances: Kurds are taking Arab
    land and the Kirkuk police chief is biased against Arabs.
    When asked to provide proof, a shaikh left the room and
    returned with a DVD.  On the television screen, the Kirkuk
    chief of police was shown making what looks like a stump
    speech: "Kirkuk is not just a part of Kurdistan.  Kirkuk is
    the heart of Kurdistan."  He repeated the phrase twice.
    Rashad's political elite said they believe their case is
    open and shut.

    ------
    YAYCHI
    ------

    ¶14. Yaychi is 60 kilometers northeast of Rashad and
    resembles its sister town in some ways: the brown hut-like
    houses; power lines running in all directions; and a few
    new buildings that stand apart.  In some ways, the two are
    distinct.  In Yaychi, the schools are painted with splashes
    of color, children play outside and people are on the
    streets even in the 120 degree midday heat.

    -------------------------
    U.S. ASSISTANCE TO YAYCHI
    -------------------------

    ¶15. Where the police chief's office in Rashad was stark,
    the mayor's office was steeped with paperwork and pictures
    of himself with U.S. military personnel.  After greeting
    PolOffs, Yaychi's Mayor Abdul Kareem broke into a serenade
    of thanks for all the projects the U.S. has brought his
    people.  Yaychi has received USD 250,000 worth of U.S.
    military aid from CERP funds.  A man brought forward a two-
    and-a-half meter tall, one meter wide board filled with
    photos and descriptions of projects the town has completed
    with these DFI funds: new schools, new mosques, a renovated
    hospital, paved roads, new bridges, a police station, even
    a veterinary hospital.  He then handed certificates of
    thanks to each military officer in the room and had his
    photo taken handing them out.

    ¶16. The local Coalition military commander gave a short
    speech that climaxed in the statement that these projects
    were a "testimony of a government that cares about its
    people."  Mentioning the oil pipeline that runs through the
    villages, he said that "attacks on the pipeline directly
    hurt the people of this community."  He also encouraged
    Yaychi's people to turn in to proper authorities those who
    would harm the township.  Mayor Abdul Kareem responded with
    the message that "our economy is improving....everyone has
    benefited from liberation," ending with "Thank you for our
    liberation."

    ----------
    CEREMONIES
    ----------

    ¶17. The visit to Yaychi had the same purpose as the visit
    to Rashad  a ceremonial handover of sovereignty from CPA
    to the local government and a flag-raising in front of the
    city council building to mark the occasion.  A small group
    of people witnessed the ceremony and listened as local
    dignitaries make speeches.  Along with all the members of
    the Yaychi town council, the police chief from Rashad came
    as a visiting public figure.  He said he plans to combine
    the two localities' police forces under his command.

    ¶18. With one ceremony over, the group piled into new, CPA-
    purchased police trucks for a two-minute drive to the
    highlight of the day: the ribbon-cutting at a new
    marketplace established with CERP funds.  The marketplace
    contained six cement stalls linked together on the
    outskirts of town.  The mayor and the U.S. military
    commander surrounded themselves with locals and created a
    ceremony for the ribbon cutting.  "Tomorrow," the mayor
    said aloud, "people selling food, drinks, clothing and
    other goods will fill these stalls."

    ---------------------------
    AGAIN, THE KURDISH QUESTION
    ---------------------------

    ¶19. Of the 38 villages in Yaychi, three are Kurdish and
    another three Turkman, so residents rarely blame particular
    "outsiders" for town problems.  Still, during PolOffs'
    visit, council members poured their problems on the
    military commander and hinted at a Kurdish conspiracy.  The
    municipal departments in Kirkuk continued to ignore them,
    and the council members pointed specifically to three
    departments -- agriculture, water and municipalities -- all
    Kurdish-controlled.  The members said that they did not
    feel a particular discrimination against Kurds, the people
    of Yaychi only want the services they feel they are due.

    ¶20. The complaints continued.  The mayor has to pay for his
    own bodyguards.  None of the department employees come from
    Kirkuk to visit them or hear their requests.  The local
    Government receives complaints in Kurdish and feels
    compelled to respond to the complaints, but has no Kurdish
    translators.  "Arabic is the language of the Koran.  It
    should be good enough for Yaychi," one council member
    concluded.

    --------------
    OTHER VILLAGES
    --------------

    ¶21. The Coalition has assisted many other villages in
    Kirkuk besides Rashad and Yaychi.  USAID, for example,
    provided 13 km of paved road in the far southwest corner of
    Kirkuk province near the village of al-Asfar.  The project
    cost USD 557,000 of which USAID contributed USD 429,000
    drawn from appropriated funds under the Community Action
    Program (CAP).  The remainder came from local
    contributions.  Local government teams with AID contractor
    RTI worked with the local council committees in training
    them on preparing bid packages and making transparent
    decisions.

    Negroponte

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