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### Viewing cable 05MADRID1349, GWOT ASSESSMENT: MADRID FEEDBACK

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05MADRID1349 | 2005-04-07 12:04 | 2010-12-18 12:00 | SECRET | Embassy Madrid

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    S E C R E T SECTION 01 OF 04 MADRID 001349

    SIPDIS

    DEPARTMENT FOR EUR/PGI

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 04/07/2015
    TAGS: PTER PREL SP
    SUBJECT: GWOT ASSESSMENT: MADRID FEEDBACK

    REF: STATE 60796

    Classified By: Political Counselor Kathy Fitzpatrick; reason 1.4 (b) an
    d (d)

    ¶1. (C) Summary. We appreciate the opportunity to weigh in on
    issues related to the Global War on Terrorism per reftel
    action request. Overall, counterterrorism cooperation
    between the U.S. and Spain is excellent, remaining a
    cornerstone of the bilateral relationship despite friction on
    other important issues. There are problems related to
    information sharing (in both directions) and structural
    problems within the Spanish counterterrorism security
    apparatus, but these issues are manageable and are being
    addressed at several levels. This message does not include
    new resource requests, but notes that we have to continue our
    high level of engagement with Spanish authorties in order to
    develop improved access to counterterrorism information by
    U.S. investigators. Spain remains a capable partner in the
    War on Terror and appears willing to further deepen
    counterterrorism relations with the USG. End Summary.

    ===========================
    TERRORISM IN SPAIN
    ===========================

    ¶2. (C) The March 11, 2004 Madrid train bombings made Spain
    the site of the worst terrorist attack in history against an
    EU country, but Spain was already an active front in the
    Global War on Terrorism as a result of its arrest of
    significant al-Qaida figures beginning in 2001 and its
    identification of numerous Islamic extremist groups operating
    within its borders. Since the Madrid train bombings, Spanish
    authorities have detained over 120 suspected Islamic
    extremists (including 78 directly related to the train
    attacks) and derailed terrorist plans to bomb Spain's High
    Court and other high-profile targets. Terrorist
    organizations active in Spain include:

    ¶A. al-Qaida. The trial of Syrian national and al-Qaida
    financier Barakat Yarkas, who was arrested in November 2001
    in connection with the September 11 attacks, is set to begin
    on April 22. Yarkas has been linked by police to many
    Islamic extremist suspects who formally belong to other
    extremist groups listed below.

    ¶B. Moroccan Islamic Combat Group (GICM). GICM associates
    were involved in the March 11 attacks, including individuals
    who were also involved in the Casablanca bombing in Morocco.
    Moroccan nationals comprise the largest group of North
    African immigrants in Spain and the majority of suspects
    arrested in connection with Islamic terrorist cases.

    ¶C. Salafist Group for Call and Combat. Many Algerian
    nationals in Spain suspected of involvement in terrorism have
    links to this organization.

    ¶D. Armed Islamic Group (GIA). GIA members who eluded the
    Algerian authorities and fled to Europe were instrumental in
    recruiting, organizing, and radicalizing young Islamists in
    Spain. A GIA terrorist who was released early from a Spanish
    prison due to a clerical error was among the key organizers
    of the March 11 attacks.

    ¶E. ETA. Though ETA is in a steep decline as a result of
    arrests made possible by improved Spanish-French police
    cooperation and hasn't committed killings in nearly three
    years, it remains Spain's most important terrorist
    organization in the eyes of the Spanish public. This is in
    part because ETA periodically detonates small explosives to
    demonstrate its continued viability as an armed group,
    including a recent bombing near a convention where King Juan
    Carlos was due to appear. Despite press speculation,
    authorities have not found a link between ETA and Islamic
    terrorist groups.

    ============================================= ==
    STRONG COUNTERTERRORISM RELATIONS WITH SPAIN
    ============================================= ==

    ¶3. (C) The high level of counterterrorism cooperation between
    U.S. and Spanish authorities is one of the cornerstones of
    our bilateral relationship. In addition to high level
    discussions and exchanges with Spain to discuss
    counterterrorism activities -- including recent visits to
    Madrid by Attorney General Ashcroft and Attorney General
    Gonzales and upcoming visits to Washington by GOS Minister of
    Interior Alonso and Minister of Justice Aguilar -- we can
    point to numerous successes in our joint effort to combat
    terrorism

    ¶4. (S) Spanish/USG GWOT successes in Spain include:

    ¶A. Spain's participation in military operations in
    Afghanistan, most recently through leadership of a PRT in
    western Afghanistan and partial-leadership of the FSB in
    Herat. Spain continues to provide unrestricted access to its
    military bases at Rota and Moron and blanket flight
    clearances for U.S. military aircraft, including for GWOT
    operations.

    ¶B. Good flow of actionable intelligence information from
    Embassy Madrid to Spanish security officials, and good
    reciprocal intelligence sharing by the GOS with USG agencies.
    Intelligence sharing on terrorism has improved markedly
    since September 11 and has continued to improve under the
    Zapatero government. Spanish officials at the highest levels
    are aware of the USG's level of support for Spanish efforts
    and President Zapatero recently told the Deputy Secretary
    that USG information was essential in the dismantlement of
    several Islamic extremist cells.

    ¶C. Good flow of information from Spanish police to U.S. law
    enforcement officials. Much of this information is passed to
    Legat informally before it becomes part of a sealed judicial
    case. Examples include information passed to Legat by the
    Catalonian regional police that helped uncover a Pakistani
    money transfer and illegal document operation in Barcelona
    that may have been involved in sending money to significant
    al-Qaida figures. Another example is the discovery by
    Spanish officials of correspondence between Spain-based
    terrorists and terrorists serving prison terms in the U.S.
    for their involvement in the first World Trade Center bombing
    in 1992.

    ¶D. Spain's participation in the Container Security (CSI) and
    Megaports initiatives. While the Megaports program is moving
    forward steadily, on CSI we have encountered administrative
    difficulties and delays on both the U.S. and Spanish sides.
    However, the fact that approximately 80 percent of containers
    flowing from the Middle East to U.S. ports pass through
    Spanish ports makes Spain's participation in these programs
    at the three major ports of Algeciras, Barcelona, and
    Valencia essential to U.S. homeland security so we are
    pressing forward.

    ¶E. Formation of a Joint Counterterrorism Working Group
    comprised of U.S. Department of Justice officials, Spanish
    Ministry of Justice officials, Spanish prosecutors, and
    terrorism experts from both countries. This responds to
    Spain's desire for a political symbol of our commitment to
    work with Spain on counterterrorism issues and to the USG's
    desire for a joint body to help streamline judicial and
    investigative cooperation in terrorism cases. Though the
    Working Group is in its early stages, we hope to use it to
    strengthen collaboration with Spanish prosecutors on
    terrorism investigations and increase direct cooperation
    between U.S. and Spanish counterterrorism investigators.

    ¶F. Improved cooperation on border security, including on
    Spain's decision to centralize overseas passport processing.
    The USG has offered to share electronic visa lookout
    information on a trial basis and Spanish officials have
    indicated some interest, though this initiative may be
    hampered by logistical problems on the Spanish side. The USG
    has worked with Spanish authorities to help improve their
    reporting through international and bilateral channels of
    lost/stolen passports.

    ¶G. Spain/USG signed bilateral protocol to U.S.-EU Mutual
    Legal Assistance (MLAT) and Extradition treaties. There is a
    substantial flow of terrorism-related MLAT requests in each
    direction. For example, Spanish authorities were extremely
    responsive in a U.S. MLAT request for information regarding
    the prosecution of Zacarias Moussaoui.

    ¶H. Good cooperation on terrorism financing cases. Spanish
    authorities make asset checks according to our terrorist
    financing notifications and work to prevent the illegal use
    of the Spanish banking system. Spain works with the USG in
    international organizations such as FATF to strengthen
    international terrorism financing regimes. Spain continues
    to upgrade its asset search systems and will soon implement
    one of Europe's toughest anti-terorrism financing laws
    allowing preventive and administrative freezing of assets.

    =============================================
    BUT PROBLEMS REMAIN ON INFORMATION SHARING
    =============================================

    ¶5. (S) Information sharing for lead purposes between U.S. and
    Spanish police and security services is working well, but
    there are significant difficulties in sharing U.S.
    intelligence information with Spanish courts since such
    information cannot be protected from public disclosure. USG
    delays and denials on requests for access to intelligence
    information and witnesses for judicial purposes have
    generated friction with Spanish judges, particularly
    high-profile magistrate judges Baltazar Garzon and Juan del
    Olmo. U.S. Department of Justice, Embassy, and Legat
    officials are engaged in an ongoing dialogue with Spanish
    judges and judicial officials on the controls each government
    has in place to prevent the release of shared intelligence
    information.

    ¶6. (S) For different reasons, USG law enforcement authorities
    sometimes have difficulty obtaining responses to official
    requests for information on terrorism cases, particularly
    information pertaining to ongoing judicial investigations in
    Spain. Under the Spanish system, once a judge is assigned to
    a case, that judge exercises control over the investigation
    and has sole authority over dissemination of official
    information related to the investigation. Judges, who
    operate with substantial independence, may permit Spanish
    police to share information for lead purposes on an
    unofficial basis. However, judges sometimes deny access to
    investigative information citing judicial secrecy provisions
    that cannot be overriden by other Spanish authorities.
    Legat and the Consular Section work closely with Spanish
    judges and prosecutors to avoid such logjams, but judicial
    secrecy remains an impediment to the USG's access to
    important sources of information related to international
    counterterrorism and counterintelligence investigations.

    ============================================= ==============
    STRUCTURAL WEAKNESSES IN SPAIN'S COUNTERTERRORISM EFFORTS
    ============================================= ==============

    ¶7. (S) Though Spain has an impressive counterterrorism
    apparatus, there are structural problems that continue to
    hamper its law enforcement efforts:

    ¶A. Most important is the lack of cooperation and coordination
    among Spanish law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
    There is a tradition of intense inter-service rivalry between
    the CNI (the intelligence service), the Civil Guard, and the
    National Police, all of which play a significant role in
    counterterrorism operations. There is an added layer of
    conflict between the national security services and regional
    police, especially with the Basque Regional police. By all
    accounts, the CNCA (the national counterterrorism center)
    launched in 2004 has failed to improve information sharing
    and coordination among the national services. The USG has
    worked with Spanish authorities to improve internal
    collaboration, for example by providing only one "CODIS" DNA
    database instead of the separate databases requested by the
    various services. We are also encouraging the GOS to look at
    ways other countries have found to better integrate their
    security agencies to combat terrorism.

    ¶B. Spanish authorities excel at disrupting terrorist
    organizations, but have much more difficulty in achieving
    convictions. This is due in part to Spanish laws enacted
    during the democratic transition -- and intended to overcome
    the abuses of the Franco era -- that provide substantial
    rights to defendants and significantly impact the ability of
    prosecutors to win cases and/or obtain strong prison terms
    for convicted terrorists. There are also problems related to
    the ability of Spanish authorities to obtain strong evidence
    for judicial purposes, in part because security agencies are
    reluctant to release information that would reveal sources
    and methods. Police sources have also indicated that they
    have sometimes been required to carry out arrests prematurely
    in response to political pressure to demonstrate strong
    actions against terrorism. Another important factor is the
    understandable desire of Spanish officials to prevent any new
    attacks similar to the March 11 bombings, so there is a
    predisposition to act preventively, even where legal cases
    have not been fully prepared. One result of this has been
    that of the 117 Islamic extremists in Spanish jails at the
    end of 2004, 103 were being held in "preventive detention"
    rather than on specific charges related to a terrorist attack
    or plot.

    ¶C. Finally, the Spanish public remains fixated on ETA as
    Spain's primary security threat. Despite clear evidence of a
    large and growing Islamic extremist presence in Spain (a fact
    of which the Spanish authorities are very aware) and the
    devastating Madrid train bombings, polls consistently
    indicate that Spanish citizens consider ETA to be a greater
    danger than jihadist groups. While Spanish police have
    tripled the number of investigators working against Islamic
    extremist groups, they face public and political pressure to
    use their resources to focus on putting an end to ETA's
    long-running campaign against the Spanish state. There is
    also a question of mindset, with Spanish security officials
    realizing that they have some distance to go in becoming as
    proficient against Islamic radicals as they are against ETA,
    which operates within an ideological context that is far more
    familiar to Spanish investigators.
    =================
    COMMENT
    =================

    ¶8. (C) Spain is a capable and willing ally in the Global War
    on Terrorism. While we do not see a need for signficant new
    resources for counterterrorism cooperation with Spain, we do
    need to find ways to improve our existing channels of
    communication and to better understand each other's judicial
    systems. In the case of ETA, the Spanish government showed
    considerable adaptability in confronting the threat. We
    believe the GOS will show the same level of flexibility in
    dealing with Islamic extremists and that the USG is well
    placed to provide analytical, technical, and judicial
    assistance when it could be useful to Spanish authorities.

    MANZANARES

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