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### Viewing cable 03VATICAN59, POPE LAUNCHES END OF YEAR PEACE OFFENSIVE

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
03VATICAN59 | 2003-01-08 13:19 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Vatican

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 VATICAN 000059

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    DEPT FOR EUR/WE MENNUTI AND NEA

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PREL IS IZ IS IZ IS IZ VT VTPREL VTPREL
    SUBJECT: POPE LAUNCHES END OF YEAR PEACE OFFENSIVE

    REF: A. 02 VATICAN 5461
         ¶B. 02 VATICAN 5162
         ¶C. 02 VATICAN 4388

    -------
    SUMMARY
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 02        VATICA  00059  01 OF 03  081341Z
    -------

    ¶1. (U) THE POPE AND SENIOR VATICAN OFFICIALS HAVE LAUNCHED AN
    END OF YEAR "PEACE OFFENSIVE" WITH A SERIES OF STATEMENTS AND
    MESSAGES AIMED AT COUNTERING THE PERCEPTION THAT WAR IN IRAQ
    IS INEVITABLE.  THESE MESSAGES HAVE ALSO URGED THE
    INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO PURSUE ALL POSSIBLE STEPS TO AVOID
    WAR.  IN HIS NEW YEAR'S HOMILY, THE POPE EMPHASIZED THAT
    "PEACE IS POSSIBLE AND A DUTY," WHILE AT CHRISTMAS, HE CALLED
    ON ALL BELIEVERS TO "EXTINGUISH THE OMINOUS SMOLDERING OF A
    CONFLICT WHICH, WITH THE JOINT EFFORTS OF ALL, CAN BE
    AVOIDED."  ALTHOUGH THE HOLY SEE'S POSITION HAS NOT CHANGED
    SUBSTANTIVELY FROM ITS PREVIOUS POSITION (REFTELS) THAT WAR
    COULD BE JUSTIFIED IF THE UN DETERMINES MILITARY ACTION
    NECESSARY AND ALL OTHER MEANS OF AVOIDING CONFLICT ARE
    EXHAUSTED, RECENT STATEMENTS HAVE HAD GREATER URGENCY AND A
    SHARPER TONE, SUGGESTING THAT THE HOLY SEE WOULD LIKELY
    CONDEMN ANY ACTION THAT OCCURRED WITHOUT UN AUTHORIZATION OR
    WITHOUT ALLOWING THE INSPECTION PROCESS TO RUN ITS COURSE.
    THE HOLY SEE CONTINUES TO REJECT THE NOTION OF A PRE-EMPTIVE
    WAR, ASSERTING THAT IT WOULD LEAD TO "THE LAW OF THE JUNGLE"
    WITH EVERY COUNTRY BEING EMPOWERED TO TAKE UNILATERAL ACTION
    TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS WITH NEIGHBORS OR ENEMIES.  THE POPE HAS
    ALSO REPEATEDLY SPOKEN OUT ABOUT THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN
    CONFLICT, WITH BALANCED CALLS FOR AN END TO THE SPIRAL OF
    BLIND VIOLENCE AND SUFFERING OF ALL THE PEOPLES IN THE
    REGION.  END SUMMARY.

    ------------------------------------
    SEIZING THE 'BULLY PULPIT' FOR PEACE
    ------------------------------------
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 03        VATICA  00059  01 OF 03  081341Z

    ¶2. (U) TAKING FULL ADVANTAGE OF THE 'BULLY PULPIT' AFFORDED
    THE POPE BY THE MANY HOLIDAY SEASON MASSES AND MESSAGES HEARD
    BY MILLIONS WORLDWIDE, HE AND SENIOR VATICAN OFFICIALS HAVE
    BEEN ACTIVELY PUSHING A 'MESSAGE OF PEACE' TO COUNTER
    ACCEPTANCE OF THE INEVITABILITY OF WAR IN IRAQ AND OF
    CONTINUED VIOLENCE IN ISRAEL AND PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES.
    ACCORDING TO ARCHBISHOP RENATO MARTINO, NEWLY APPOINTED HEAD
    OF THE COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE, THE POPE IS "GENUINELY
    VERY CONCERNED BY THE EVENTS THAT COULD TAKE PLACE IN THE
    NEAR FUTURE."  ACCORDING TO MARTINO, THE POPE IS DOING
    "EVERYTHING IN HIS POWER TO AVOID A DETERIORATION IN THE
    SITUATION THAT COULD END IN CONFLICT." BEGINNING WITH HIS
    CHRISTMAS DAY "URBI ET ORBI" ADDRESS, TELEVISED IN OVER 50
    COUNTRIES, THE POPE APPEALED TO THE WORLD "NOT TO YIELD TO
    MISTRUST, SUSPICION, AND DISCOURAGEMENT, EVEN AS THE TRAGIC
    REALITY OF TERRORISM FEEDS UNCERTAINTIES AND FEARS."  HE
    FURTHER CALLED ON BELIEVERS AND MEN OF GOODWILL TO
    "EXTINGUISH THE OMINOUS SMOLDERING OF A CONFLICT WHICH, WITH
    THE JOINT EFFORTS OF ALL CAN BE AVOIDED."

    ¶3. (U) AT THE NEW YEAR'S MASS, THE POPE CALLED FOR PEACEFUL
    MEANS TO OVERCOME INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS, STATING THAT
    "BEFORE THE CONFLICTS OF THE DAY AND THE THREATENING TENSIONS
    OF THE MOMENT, ONCE AGAIN I INVITE ALL TO PRAY SO THAT
    PEACEFUL MEANS OF AGREEMENT WILL BE SOUGHT...IN HARMONY WITH
    INTERNATIONAL LAW."  HE EMPHASIZED THAT "DESPITE SERIOUS AND
    REPEATED ATTACKS AGAINST THE SERENE AND SHARED COEXISTENCE OF
    PEOPLES, PEACE IS POSSIBLE AND A DUTY... AND MUST BE
    CONSTRUCTED WITH EVERY EFFORT."  AFTERWARD, GREETING TENS OF
    THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE, INCLUDING PEACE MARCHERS FORM THE
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 04        VATICA  00059  01 OF 03  081341Z
    SANT'EGIDIO COMMUNITY THROUGHOUT ITALY, THE POPE RECEIVED
    EXTENDED APPLAUSE WHEN HE DECLARED:  "HOW CAN ONE NOT EXPRESS
    ONCE AGAIN THE HOPE THAT AMONG THOSE WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE,
    EVERYTHING POSSIBLE WILL BE DONE TO FIND PEACEFUL SOLUTIONS
    TO THE MANY TENSIONS PRESENT IN THE WORLD, PARTICULARLY IN
    THE MIDDLE EAST, AVOIDING FURTHER SUFFERINGS TO THOSE PEOPLES
    WHO HAVE BEEN SO TRIED."

    -------------------------------
    COUNTERING INEVITABILITY OF WAR
    -------------------------------

    ¶4. (SBU) IN A PRE-CHRISTMAS TOUR D'HORIZON INTERVIEW IN
    ROME'S LA REPUBBLICA NEWSPAPER, FOREIGN MINISTER JEAN-LOUIS
    TAURAN LAUNCHED THE HOLIDAY PEACE BLITZ WITH THE THEME THAT
    "THE USE OF ARMS IS NOT AN INEVITABLE FATALITY, AND WHAT IS
    MORE, NO PROVISION IS MADE IN THE UN CHARTER FOR A PREVENTIVE
    WAR."  TAURAN WENT ON TO UNDERSCORE BAGHDAD'S RESPONSIBILITY
    TO "APPLY POLICIES IN ACCORD WITH STANDARDS OF CONDUCT THAT
    GO WITH BEING A MEMBER OF THE UNITED NATIONS."  NOTING THAT

                           UNCLASSIFIED

                               UNCLASSIFIED     PTQ8600

    PAGE 01        VATICA  00059  02 OF 03  081342Z
    ACTION EUR-00

    INFO  LOG-00   NP-00    AMAD-00  CIAE-00  INL-00   USNW-00  DODE-00
          DS-00    UTED-00  VC-00    TEDE-00  INR-00   IO-00    LAB-01
          VCE-00   NEA-00   DCP-01   NSAE-00  DHS-00   IRM-00   TEST-00
          DSCC-00  PRM-00   DRL-02   NFAT-00  SAS-00   SWCI-00    /004W
                      ------------------21D465  081342Z /38
    P 081319Z JAN 03
    FM AMEMBASSY VATICAN
    TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY
    INFO EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
    ISLAMIC CONFERENCE COLLECTIVE
    AMEMBASSY TEL AVIV
    AMCONSUL JERUSALEM

    UNCLAS SECTION 02 OF 03 VATICAN 000059

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    DEPT FOR EUR/WE MENNUTI AND NEA

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PREL IS IZ IS IZ IS IZ VT VTPREL VTPREL
    SUBJECT: POPE LAUNCHES END OF YEAR PEACE OFFENSIVE

    HE HAD CONVEYED TO THE U.S. TWO MONTHS EARLIER (REFTELS) THE
    HOLY SEE'S VIEW OF THE NEED FOR DIALOGUE AND THE IMPORTANCE
    OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ASSUMING RESPONSIBILITY IN THE
    FACE OF IRAQI DEFAULT, HE INSISTED THAT "NOTHING SHOULD BE
    DECIDED WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL
    INSTITUTIONS."
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 02        VATICA  00059  02 OF 03  081342Z

    ¶5. (SBU) TAURAN WAS SHARPLY CRITICAL OF POTENTIAL UNILATERAL
    U.S. ACTION, INSISTING THAT "IT CANNOT BE THAT A MEMBER OF
    THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY CAN DECIDE: 'I WILL DO THIS AND
    YOU WILL HELP ME, OTHERWISE, STAY AT HOME.'"  IF THIS WERE TO
    HAPPEN, TAURAN CAUTIONED, "THE WHOLE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL
    RULES WOULD CRUMBLE, AND ONE WOULD RISK THE LAW OF THE
    JUNGLE."  INEVITABLY, IN HIS VIEW, INDIVIDUAL STATES HAVING
    DISPUTES WITH OTHER STATES WOULD, USING THE SAME LOGIC,
    DECIDE THAT THEY WOULD "PUT THINGS IN ORDER" UNILATERALLY.
    JUSTICE AND PEACE'S MARTINO ALSO CAUTIONED AGAINST
    UNILATERALISM RECENTLY, OBSERVING THAT "WE SHOULD REJECT
    UNILATERALISM, AS WELL AS THE IDEA OF A WORLD POLICEMAN."
    BOTH MARTINO AND FM TAURAN HAVE SPOKEN OF THE VALUE OF A
    "MODERATING" EUROPEAN INFLUENCE, AIMED AT TAKING ADVANTAGE OF
    ALL THE MEANS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND OFFERING ALL MEDIATION
    POSSIBLE TO PREVENT WAR.  TAURAN CITED A COMMON CONVICTION IN
    HIS CONTACTS WITH EUROPEAN AND ARAB LEADERS THAT "WAR IS NOT
    THE ANSWER TO THE PROBLEM."  IN THIS REGARD, HE CITED WHAT IS
    A GROWING VATICAN FEAR THAT WAR COULD UNLEASH AN
    ANTI-CHRISTIAN, ANTI-WESTERN BACKLASH IN THE MUSLIM WORLD.

    --------------------------------------------- -----
    BUT RECOGNIZING LEGITIMACY OF ACTION AGAINST IRAQ
    --------------------------------------------- -----

    ¶6. (SBU) DESPITE THE PEACE OFFENSIVE, WHICH THE MEDIA HAS
    WIDELY HAILED AS A SIGN THAT THE HOLY SEE WILL OPPOSE ANY
    ACTION AGAINST IRAQ, THE HOLY SEE'S POSITION REMAINS MORE
    NUANCED THAN OFTEN PORTRAYED IN THE ITALIAN AND INTERNATIONAL
    MEDIA.  IN FACT, EVEN AS TAURAN REJECTED THE IDEA OF A
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 03        VATICA  00059  02 OF 03  081342Z
    UNILATERAL PREVENTIVE WAR, HE DID NOT EXCLUDE THE POSSIBILITY
    OF A MILITARY INTERVENTION "IF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY,
    DRAWING ON INTERNATIONAL LAW AND IN PARTICULAR RESOLUTIONS OF
    THE SECURITY COUNCIL, DETERMINED THAT OPPORTUNE AND
    PROPORTIONATE RECOURSE TO FORCE."  THIS IS IN LINE WITH THE
    HOLY SEE'S VIEW THAT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE
    MUST TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR POTENTIAL IRAQI FAILINGS TO
    RESPECT THE WILL OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY.

    ---------------------------------------------
    U.S. NUCLEAR WEAPONS DISCUSSION EVOKES REBUKE
    ---------------------------------------------

    ¶7. (SBU) THE RECENT REPORTS FROM WASHINGTON ABOUT THE
    POSSIBILITY OF THE U.S. USING NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN RESPONSE TO
    A WMD ATTACK AGAINST THE U.S. EVOKED A HARSH REBUKE FROM
    TAURAN, WHO SAID "IT WOULD BE BETTER NOT TO EVEN ECHO THIS
    HYPOTHESIS, AS IT SEEMS SO MONSTROUS TO ME."

    --------------------------------------------- ---------
    SITUATION IN THE HOLY LANDS CONTINUES TO WEIGH ON POPE
    --------------------------------------------- ---------

    ¶8. (U) THE POPE'S PEACE MESSAGE WAS NOT ONLY FOCUSED ON IRAQ,
    BUT ALSO ON WHAT HE TERMED "THE SENSELESS SPIRAL OF BLIND
    VIOLENCE" IN THE HOLY LAND.  SPEAKING ON THE SITUATION IN THE
    MIDDLE EAST IN HIS WORLD DAY OF PEACE MESSAGE JANUARY 1, THE
    POPE OBSERVED THAT "THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF BITTER MUTUAL
    REJECTION AND AN UNENDING CHAIN OF VIOLENCE AND RETALIATION
    HAVE SHATTERED EVERY EFFORT THUS FAR TO ENGAGE IN SERIOUS
    DIALOGUE ON THE REAL ISSUES INVOLVED."  THE POPE SAID IT
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 04        VATICA  00059  02 OF 03  081342Z
    WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO CONCEIVE OF PROGRESS UNTIL THOSE IN
    POSITIONS OF POWER BEGIN TO USE THEIR POWER TO IMPLEMENT
    POLICIES BASED ON RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIGNITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS.
     FM TAURAN REITERATED THAT THE HOLY SEE'S POSITION ON THE
    "THE MOTHER OF ALL CONFLICTS" REMAINS: RESPECT FOR THE OTHER
    AND HIS LEGITIMATE ASPIRATIONS, WITHDRAWAL FROM THE OCCUPIED
    TERRITORIES, PRESENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ON THE
    GROUND, AND INTERNATIONAL GUARANTEES FOR THE HOLY SITES.

    -------
    COMMENT
    -------

    ¶9. (SBU) THE TRADITIONAL CHRISTMAS THEME OF 'PEACE ON EARTH'
    OFFERS A NATURAL FOCUS FOR THE HOLY SEE TO PROMOTE ITS
    PREFERRED VISION OF A PEACEFUL SOLUTION TO THE IRAQ CRISIS.
    THE POPE'S PLEAS RECEIVED A WARM RECEPTION AT THE TRADITIONAL
    MASSES AND IN ST. PETER'S SQUARE, WHERE THOUSANDS OF CATHOLIC
    PEACE MARCHERS HAD TURNED OUT IN THE FIRST DAY OF THE NEW
    YEAR SHOW THEIR SUPPORT FOR THE POPE'S MESSAGE.  THE

                           UNCLASSIFIED

                               UNCLASSIFIED     PTQ8602

    PAGE 01        VATICA  00059  03 OF 03  081342Z
    ACTION EUR-00

    INFO  LOG-00   NP-00    AMAD-00  CIAE-00  INL-00   USNW-00  DODE-00
          DS-00    UTED-00  VC-00    TEDE-00  INR-00   IO-00    LAB-01
          VCE-00   NEA-00   DCP-01   NSAE-00  DHS-00   IRM-00   TEST-00
          DSCC-00  PRM-00   DRL-02   NFAT-00  SAS-00   SWCI-00    /004W
                      ------------------21D46D  081342Z /38
    P 081319Z JAN 03
    FM AMEMBASSY VATICAN
    TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY
    INFO EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
    ISLAMIC CONFERENCE COLLECTIVE
    AMEMBASSY TEL AVIV
    AMCONSUL JERUSALEM

    UNCLAS SECTION 03 OF 03 VATICAN 000059

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    DEPT FOR EUR/WE MENNUTI AND NEA

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PREL IS IZ IS IZ IS IZ VT VTPREL VTPREL
    SUBJECT: POPE LAUNCHES END OF YEAR PEACE OFFENSIVE

    VATICAN'S VIEWS ON ISSUES OF WAR AND PEACE REMAIN INFLUENTIAL
    IN ITALY AND OTHER PREDOMINANTLY CATHOLIC COUNTRIES IN EUROPE
    AND BEYOND.  UNFORTUNATELY, THE MEDIA TRUMPETS ONLY THE CLEAR
    AND COMPELLING APPEALS FOR PEACE, LEAVING ASIDE THE MORE
    SUBTLE COMPLEXITIES OF THE VATICAN'S POSITION.  ALTHOUGH THE
    VATICAN CAN NEVER ADVOCATE FOR WAR, IT CAN BE EXPECTED TO
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 02        VATICA  00059  03 OF 03  081342Z
    ADHERE TO ITS PUBLICLY STATED VIEW ON THE POTENTIAL
    LEGITIMACY OF MILITARY ACTION AUTHORIZED BY THE UN.  SOME
    INFLUENTIAL CATHOLIC THINKERS (PAPAL BIOGRAPHER GEORGE WIEGEL
    PROMINENT AMONG THEM) HAVE BEGUN TO REASSESS THE CATECHISM'S
    THEORY OF JUST WAR IN LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AND
    THE PROLIFERATION OF WMD.  THE HOLY SEE, HOWEVER, HAS NOT YET
    BEEN CONVINCED THAT THE THREAT FROM IRAQ IS IMMINENT OR CLEAR
    ENOUGH TO OVERCOME THEIR CURRENT HIGH HURDLES FOR A 'JUST
    WAR.'  ANY MILITARY ACTION UNDERTAKEN WITHOUT UN SANCTION OR
    IN THE FACE OF AN INSPECTION PROCESS THAT APPEARS NOT TO HAVE
    RUN ITS COURSE WOULD THEREFORE BE LIKELY TO MEET WITH STRONG
    VATICAN OPPOSITION.
    NICHOLSON

                           UNCLASSIFIED

    >

     2003VATICA00059 - Classification: UNCLASSIFIED

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