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### Viewing cable 05PARIS365, FRANCE - 2005 MONEY LAUNDERING CONTRIBUTION FOR

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05PARIS365 | 2005-01-20 12:26 | 2011-08-24 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Paris

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 PARIS 000365

    SIPDIS

    INL, EUR/WE FOR LEVIN, TREASURY FOR IRELAND, JUSTICE FOR
    OIA AND AFMLS, TREASURY FOR FINCEN

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: KTFN KCRM PTER KSEP SNAR EFIN FR
    SUBJECT: FRANCE  - 2005 MONEY LAUNDERING CONTRIBUTION FOR
    2005 INCSR

    REF: STATE 254401

    All text is unclassified.

    France remains an attractive venue for money laundering
    because of its sizable economy, political stability, and
    sophisticated financial system. Common methods of laundering
    money in France include the use of bank deposits, foreign
    currency and gold bullion transactions, corporate
    transactions, and purchases of real estate, hotels, and works
    of art.  A 2002 Parliamentary Report states that,
    increasingly, Russian and Italian organized crime networks
    are using the French Riviera to launder assets (or invest
    those previously laundered) by buying up real estate, "a
    welcoming ground for foreign capital of criminal origin."
    The report estimates that between seven billion and 60
    billion euros of dirty money have already been channeled
    through the Riviera.

    The Government of France (GOF) first criminalized money
    laundering related to narcotics trafficking in 1987 (Article
    L-267 of the Public Health Code).  In 1988, the Customs Code
    was amended to incorporate financial dealings with money
    launderers as a crime.  In 1990, the obligation for financial
    institutions to combat money laundering came into effect with
    the adoption of the Monetary and Financial Code (MFC) and
    France's ratification of the 1988 UN Drug Convention.  In
    1996 the criminalization of money laundering was expanded to
    cover the proceeds of all crimes.  In January 2004, the
    French Supreme Court judged that joint prosecution of
    individuals was possible on both money laundering charges and
    the underlying predicate offense.  Prior to this judgment,
    the money-laundering charge that the predicate offense were
    considered the same offense and could only be prosecuted as
    one offense.

    The amendment to the law in 1996 also obligates insurance
    brokers to report suspicious transactions.  In 1988, the
    obligated parties were increased to include nonfinancial
    professions (persons who carry out, verify or give advice on
    transactions involving the purchase, sale, conveyance or
    rental of real property).  In 2001, the list of professions
    subject to suspicious transaction reporting requirements
    expanded to include legal representatives, casino managers
    and persons customarily dealing in or organizing the sale of
    precious stones, precious metals, antiques or works of art.
    The law now covers banks, moneychangers, public financial
    institutions, estate agents, insurance companies, investment
    firms, mutual insurers, casinos, notaries, and auctioneers
    and dealers in high-value goods.  In 2004, the list was
    expanded again to included lawyers, chartered accountants,
    statutory auditors, notaries, bailiffs, judicial trustees and
    liquidators; judicial auctioneers and movable auction houses;
    groups, clubs and c
    ompanies organizing games-of-chance lotteries, bets, sports,
    and horse-racing forecasts; intermediaries entitled to handle
    securities; and institutions or unions of pension management.
     As a member of the European Union (EU), France is subject to
    EU money-laundering directives, including the revised
    Directive 91/308/EEC on the prevention of the use of the
    financial system for the purpose of money laundering
    (Directive 2001/97/EC), that was enacted into domestic French
    legislation in 2004.  The GOF has enacted legislation that
    codifies that Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Forty
    Recommendations concerning customer identification,
    record-keeping requirements, suspicious transaction
    reporting, internal anti-money laundering procedures, and
    training for financial institutions.

    The Banking Commission supervises financial institutions and
    conducts regular audits of credit institutions and the
    Insurance and Provident Institutions Supervision Commission
    reviews insurance brokers.  The Financial Market Authority
    evolved from the merger of the Securities Exchange Commission
    and the Financial Markets Council to monitor the reporting
    compliance of the stock exchange and other non-bank financial
    institutions.

    Decree No. 2002-770 of May 3, 2002, addresses the functioning
    of France's Liaison Committee against the Laundering of the
    Proceeds of Crime.  This committee is co-chaired by the
    French financial intelligence unit (FIU), the Unit for
    Treatment of Intelligence and Action Against Clandestine
    Financial Circuits (TRACFIN), and the Justice Ministry.  It
    comprises representatives from reporting professions and
    institutions, regulators, and law enforcement authorities,
    with the purpose to supply professions required to support
    suspicious transactions with better information and to make
    proposals in order to improve the anti-money-laundering
    system.

    TRACFIN is responsible for analyzing suspicious transaction
    reports (STRs) that are filed by French financial
    institutions and non-financial professions.  TRACFIN is a
    part of FINATER, a group created within the French Ministry
    of Economy, Finance, and Industry in September 2001 in order
    to gather information to fight terrorist financing.  The
    French FIU may exchange information with foreign counterparts
    that observe similar rules regarding reciprocity and
    confidentiality of information.  TRACFIN works closely with

    SIPDIS
    the Ministry of Interior's Central Office for Major Financial
    Crimes (OCRGDF), which is the main point of contact for
    Interpol and Europol in France.

    TRACFIN received 3,598 suspicious transaction reports (STRs)
    in 2001, 6,896 STRs in 2002,  and 9,007 STRs in 2003.  The
    changeover from the French franc to the euro in 2002
    generated many additional reports, which accounts for the
    significant increase over 2001.  In addition approximately
    200 separate reports on transactions were sent to TRACFIN
    relating to possible terrorist-financing activity.
    Approximately 83 percent of STRs are sent from the banking
    sector.  A total of 291 cases were referred to the judicial
    authorities in 2002, resulting in 14 criminal prosecutions;
    and 308 cases were referred in 2003, which resulted in 55
    preliminary investigations and 21 judicial procedures.

    There are two other subsidiary types of reports that are
    required to be filed with the FIU.  A report must be filed
    (no threshold limit) when the identity of the principal or
    beneficiary remains doubtful despite due diligence.  In
    addition, a report must be filed with TRACFIN in cases where
    transactions are carried out by a financial entity acting in
    the form of or on behalf of a trust fund or any other asset
    management instrument, on behalf of a third party (natural or
    legal), including their subsidiaries or establishments, when
    legal or beneficial owners are not known.  The reporting
    obligation can also be extended by decree to transactions
    carried out by financial entities, on their own behalf or on
    behalf of third parties, with natural or legal persons,
    including their subisidiaries or establishments, that are
    domiciled, registered or established in any country or
    territory included on the FATF list of Non-Cooperative
    Countries or Territories.  Currently, a reporting decree
    exists for Nauru and Burma.

    Since 1986, French antiterrorist legislation has provided for
    the prosecution of those involved in the financing of
    terrorism under the more severe offense of complicity in the
    act of terrorism.  However, in order to strengthen this
    provision, the Act of November 15, 2001 introduced several
    new characterizations of offenses, specifically including the
    financing of terrorism.  The offense of financing terrorist
    activities (art. 41-2-2 of the Penal Code) is defined
    according to the UN International Convention for the
    Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and is subject to
    ten years' imprisonment and a fine of 228,600 euros.  The Act
    also includes money laundering as an offense in connection
    with terrorist activity (art. 421-1-6 of the Penal Code),
    punishable by ten years' imprisonment and a fine of 62,000
    euros.

    An additional penalty of confiscation of the total assets of
    the terrorist offender has also been implemented.  Accounts
    and financial assets can be frozen through both
    administrative and judicial measures.  The Perben II law,
    which took effect in January 2004, enhanced French
    authorities' capacity to arrest and extradite suspects and
    cooperate with other judicial authorities in the EU.  In
    March 2004, the GOF passed a law that extends the scope of
    STR to terrorist financing.

    French authorities moved rapidly to freeze financial assets
    of organizations associated with al-Qaida and the Taliban,
    and took the initiative to put the two groups on the UN 1267
    Sanctions Committee consolidated list.  France takes actions
    against non-Taliban and non-al-Qaida-related groups in the
    context of the EU-wide "clearinghouse" procedure.  Within the
    Group of Eight, France has sought to support and expand
    efforts targeting terrorist financing. Bilaterally, France
    has worked to improve the capabilities of its African
    partners in targeting terrorist financing.  On the
    operational level, French law enforcement cooperation
    targeting terrorist financing operations continues to be good.

    TRACFIN is a member of the Egmont Group and is the Egmont
    Committee Chair of the newly created Operational Working
    Group.  TRACFIN has information-sharing agreements with 27
    FIUs in the United States, Australia, Italy, Belgium, Monaco,
    Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, the Czech Republic,
    Portugal, Finland, Luxembourg, Cyprus, Brazil, Colombia,
    Greece, Guernsey, Panama, Argentina, Andorra, Switzerland,
    Russia, Lebanon, Ukraine, Guatemala, Korea, and Canada.
    France is a member of the FATF and a  Cooperation and
    Supporting Nation to the Caribbean Financial Action Task
    Force, as well as a Supporting Observer to the Financial
    Action Task Force of South America Against Money Laundering.
    France is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention; the Council
    of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and
    Confiscation of Proceeds from Crime; and the UN International
    Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism.
     In October 2002, France ratified the UN Convention against
    Transnational Organized Crime.  The United States and France
    have entered into a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT),
    which came into force in 2001.  Through MLAT requests and by
    other means, the French have provided large amounts of data
    to the United States in connection with terrorist financing.
    France has established a comprehensive anti-money-laundering
    regime.  The GOF should also continue its active
    participation in international organizations to combat the
    domestic and global threats of money laundering and terrorist
    financing.

    Wolff

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