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### Viewing cable 03SANAA2979, YEMEN: 2003 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
03SANAA2979 | 2003-12-21 07:33 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Sanaa

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 SANAA 002979

    SIPDIS

    S/CT FOR REAP

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PTER YM COUNTER TERRORISM TERFIN
    SUBJECT: YEMEN: 2003 ANNUAL TERRORISM REPORT

    REF: STATE 301352

    ¶1.  Embassy Sana'a responses to instructions for the
    "Patterns on Global Terrorism" report are keyed to lettered
    paragraphs in State 301352.

    ¶2.  Post responses:

    A) SIGNIFICANT ACTIONS TAKEN BY HOST GOVERNMENTS TO SUPPORT
    THE GLOBAL COALITION AGAINST TERRORISM, PARTICULARLY LAW
    ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS TAKEN AGAINST AL-QAIDA OPERATIVES, BUT
    INCLUDING DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS AND  ACTIONS TO BLOCK TERRORIST
    ASSETS, ENACT NEW COUNTERTERRORISM LAWS, AND RATIFY EXISTING
    TREATIES.

    -- Law Enforcement:  There was continuing law enforcement
    cooperation between Yemeni and U.S. law enforcement
    authorities throughout 2003, which has produced tangible
    results and progress on dismantling al-Qaida in Yemen:

    On November 25, the Republic of Yemen government (ROYG)
    arrested Saudi-born Mohammed Hamdi al-Ahdal (AKA Abu Assam
    al-Maki), who has been implicated in the October 2000 attack
    on the U.S.S. Cole.  Abu Assam is suspected to have been a
    close associate of Ali al-Harithi, who was among the six
    al-Qaida suspects killed in November 2002 in Marib and is
    believed to have been a mujahidin facilitator connected to
    the Cole attack.  U.S.-trained and equipped Central Security
    Forces (CSF) put their training into action and played a
    central role in the operation to apprehend Abu Assam.

    Hadi Dulqum, a weapons dealer, al-Qaida associate and
    supplier of weapons for the group also arrested by the ROYG
    in 2003 and remains in custody.

    In mid-September 2003, the ROYG disrupted an al-Qaida cell
    operating in Sana'a, Yemen and targeting Western interests.
    The cell was headed by Afghanistan-trained 'Amr al-Sharif,
    who was trying to reconstitute al-Qaida in Yemen.  In
    October, however, the ROYG expressed confidence that the
    "danger was over" for Western targets in Yemen and asserted
    that all cell members inside Yemen had been captured.  The
    government provided further information on the ROYG's
    investigation into the cell's activities and members,
    particularly information on several arrests in Yemen and
    Saudi Arabia.

    In cooperation with Yemeni officials, the FBI actively
    participated in the investigation of the December 30, 2002
    shootings of three American health care workers in Jibla.
    Pursuant to the joint investigation, the shooter, Abed
    Abdulrazak al-Kamel, was tried, convicted and sentenced to
    death in an open trial in May 2003.  This decision was upheld
    by the appellate court and is being referred to the Yemen
    Supreme Court (see also, response to Question B).

    During Operation Iraqi Freedom, an Iraqi Intelligence Service
    (IIS) sleeper cell was disrupted by the ROYG in Sana'a and
    its members arrested.  This cell was planning attacks on U.S.
    Embassy personnel.

    There was one significant Anti-Terrorist Assistance (ATA)
    event with the ROYG in 2003.  From July 26 to August 6, the
    Department of State and the FBI jointly sponsored a terrorist
    crime scene investigation training course for ROYG officials.
     Yemeni officials trained by the FBI participated in the
    take-down of the 'Amr Sharif al-Qaida cell (see above).

    -- Military/Counterterrorism Cooperation:  Based on mutual
    cooperation with Yemen, the U.S. is providing:

    - counter-terrorism training and modernization for Yemeni
    Special Forces;
    -  U.S. Military Training Teams (MTTs) in country to train
    ground and maritime forces;
    - equipment (including 8 patrol boats due to arrive in early
    2004), training, and guidance to establish Yemeni Coast Guard
    (YCG) capabilities;
    - equipment and training for Yemen's Terrorist Interdiction
    Program (TIPS), an on-line system for monitoring entry and
    exit from all of Yemen's air, land, and sea ports.  The
    program is currently in Phase II (of 3 phases) and has
    established monitoring portals at all 24 border crossing
    points in Yemen.  Phase III will be completed in early 2004.

    These collaborations are producing tangible successes.  In
    June 2003, the newly-formed Central Security Forces (CSF) CT
    unit was dispatched to the Hattat mountains in Abyan province
    to hunt down and bring to justice those responsible for an
    attack on a Red Crescent medical convoy the week before.  The
    area commander put this unit, trained by British and U.S.
    forces, at the lead of this effort when Ministry of Defense
    forces became bogged down by harassing gunfire from the
    surrounding hills.  Over a three day period, the CSF unit
    engaged those responsible and completed their mission with
    praise from Minister of Interior Alimi and President Saleh.
    The same unit was sent out the following week to complete
    mop-up operations, as they were trained to do by the
    U.S./British training teams.
    -- Actions to block terrorist assets:  Throughout the year,
    Yemeni authorities referred for action to appropriate banking
    institutions information about individuals and entities
    identified under U.S. executive orders as related to
    terrorists or terrorist activities, as well as the freezing
    of Iraqi assets.  The regulatory system of Yemeni banks
    remains relatively unsophisticated, however, and it is
    difficult to assess its effectiveness.
    -- Diplomatic Efforts:  President Saleh and senior government
    officials in 2003 held extensive bilateral discussions with
    visiting senior U.S. officials (CENTCOM General Abizaid, FBI
    Director Mueller, CJTF-HOA Commander General Robeson,
    Assistant Secretary Burns, Under Secretary for
    Non-Proliferation Ambassador Bolton), in which U.S.-Yemeni
    counter-terrorism cooperation was a key issue.

    -- Ratification of Existing CT Treaties:  As of November
    2003, the Yemeni government still needed to ratify two of the
    twelve (financing and bombing) counter-terrorism treaties,
    both of which have been referred to Parliament and are
    expected to be ratified by early 2004.

    B) DESCRIBE THE RESPONSE OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF EACH
    COUNTRY TO ACTS OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AND/OR SIGNIFICANT
    ACTS OF DOMESTIC TERRORISM DURING 2003, INCLUDING ANY HOST
    GOVERNMENT PROSECUTIONS RELATING TO TERRORISM.  PARTICULAR
    ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO HOST GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
    REGARDING ACTS OF TERRORISM AGAINST OR AFFECTING U.S.
    CITIZENS OR FACILITIES.

    -- There have been no reported kidnappings of any Westerners
    since the November 2001 kidnapping of the German businessman.
     The Yemeni government has worked closely with U.S. officials
    to prevent attacks against Western interests.

    -- The perpetrators of the December 30, 2002 shootings of
    three Americans in Jibla -- Abed Abdulrazak al-Kamel, the
    shooter, and Ali Ahmed Mohamed Jarallah, the planner -- were
    tried, convicted and sentenced to death in separate trials in
    ¶2003.  On December 1, 2003, a three-judge panel affirmed the
    death sentence of al-Kamel, who will appeal the decision to
    the Yemen Supreme Court.  Court officials expect that the
    conviction will be upheld and passed to President Saleh, who
    is likely sign off on the order to carry out the sentence.
    Post representatives attended al-Kamel's trial and appeal
    proceedings, which were relatively transparent and openly
    reported in the local media.

    -- Al-Kamel coordinated the attack with Ali al-Jarallah, who
    was convicted of both the Amcit murders and the assassination
    of Yemeni Socialist Party Deputy Secretary-General Jarallah
    Omar in a separate trial in Sana'a in October 2003.
    Al-Jarallah is also expected to appeal his conviction and
    sentence.  No specific date has been set for the executions.

    -- In April 2003, it was reported that a number of the U.S.S.
    Cole suspects had escaped prison; two have since been
    recaptured, but neither of the primary suspects, Jamal
    Mohammed al-Badawi and Fahd Mohammed Ahmed al-Quso, have been
    returned to custody.

    -- An Islamic scholarly commission formed in August 2002
    continues its dialogue efforts with detainees arrested in
    connection with extremism and/or terrorist attacks which
    reportedly include Yemeni returnees from Afghanistan and
    members of the Al Jihad organization.  Prior to being
    released, the detainees are screened by the Political
    Security Organization (PSO) and must sign statements assuring
    good conduct (i.e., commitment to Yemeni President Saleh, the
    constitution, laws, peace and security, the rights of
    non-Muslims, and the inviolability of foreign interests).
    Thirty-four detainees were released post-Ramadan 2002 and the
    commission recommended 92 for release after Ramadan 2003.  At
    this date it remains unclear how many have actually been
    released.

    -- In October 2003, despite repeated statements that "Islamic
    Aden-Abyan Army" leader Khalid Abd-al-Nabi was dead, Yemeni
    officials revealed that he was not killed in February 2003
    confrontations between the hard-line Islamic group and a
    Yemen army anti-terrorism unit in the Hattat Mountains
    region, Abyan Governorate (in the southern part of the
    country).  Instead, Abd-al-Nabi surrendered to the Yemeni
    authorities, was released from custody, and is not facing
    charges for any of his activities.

    C) DID THE HOST GOVERNMENT EXTRADITE OR REQUEST THE
    EXTRADITION OF SUSPECTED TERRORISTS FOR PROSECUTION DURING
    THE YEAR?  PARTICULAR ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO HOST
    GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO U.S. REQUESTS FOR EXTRADITION OR
    ASSISTANCE IN TERRORIST CASES.

    D) DESCRIBE ANY SIGNIFICANT IMPEDIMENTS TO HOST GOVERNMENT
    PROSECUTION AND/OR EXTRADITION OF SUSPECTED TERRORISTS.
    (Answer to Question 2C and 2D combined)

    -- Article 45 of the Yemeni Constitution prohibits the
    extradition of any Yemeni citizen to any foreign authority.

    -- There is no extradition treaty between Yemen and the
    United States, and Yemen made no requests for extradition
    from the U.S. in 2003.

    -- The ROYG requested that the U.S. not extradite Shaykh
    Mohammed Hasan al-Moayad and Mohammed Mohsen Yahya Zayed,
    both Yemeni citizens, from Germany to the United States to
    face charges of conspiring to provide support to al-Qaida and
    HAMAS.  Al-Moayad and Zayed arrived at Kennedy International
    Airport in New York on November 16, 2003 and were
    subsequently arraigned in U. S. District Court in Brooklyn,
    New York.

    -- Yemen periodically exchanges prisoners with Saudi Arabia,
    including terrorist suspects.  One October 2003 press report
    claims that 40 "militants" have been exchanged in the past
    two years.  Names are generally not provided.

    E) DISCUSS HOST GOVERNMENT RESPONSES OTHER THAN PROSECUTION.
    THESE WOULD INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO, PUBLIC
    STATEMENTS BY GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OR OFFICIAL NEWS AGENCIES
    FOLLOWING A TERRORIST INCIDENT (IN OR OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY)
    AND EFFORTS BY HOST GOVERNMENT TO INVESTIGATE TERRORIST
    INCIDENTS OR TO ASSIST WITH INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
    INVESTIGATIONS.

    -- In January 2003, the official government news agency
    (SABA) undertook a public diplomacy campaign aimed at
    stigmatizing terrorist activities.  The government printed
    booklets on "The Phenomenon of Terrorism in Yemen" to
    highlight the political, social and economic costs of
    terrorism, which were presented to Yemen's Parliament and
    widely distributed.  In 2003, the ROYG also began publishing
    the details, names and pictures of terror suspects, e.g.,
    escaped U.S.S. Cole suspects.

    -- The public statements of President Saleh, Prime Minister
    BaJammal, Minister of Foreign Affairs Qirbi, Minister of
    Interior Alimi, and other senior Yemeni officials in 2003
    made clear the policy of the Yemeni government to oppose
    international terrorism, especially the activities of
    al-Qaida (see responses 2A through 2D above).  President
    Saleh repeatedly called upon al-Qaida elements in Yemen to
    repent and abandon their mistaken views, and to surrender to
    Yemeni authorities.

    F) DESCRIBE MAJOR COUNTERTERRORISM EFFORTS UNDERTAKEN IN 2003
    BY THE HOST GOVERNMENT, INCLUDING STEPS TAKEN IN
    INTERNATIONAL FORA.

    -- Increased cooperation with the U.S. on counter-terrorism
    (as described in the responses above) has included improving
    the Yemeni capabilities to develop and implement a Maritime
    Security Strategy and to increase border security.

    -- Land border security, particularly the long frontier with
    Saudi Arabia, is a major concern for Yemen.  In the aftermath
    of the Riyadh bomb attacks in May 2003, Yemen and Saudi
    Arabia launched a joint effort (reportedly with funding from
    the Saudi side) to improve border control, including a signed
    agreement in June 2003 to upgrade border surveillance.  An
    important change on the Yemeni side is that responsibility
    for border control is expected to be transferred from the
    military to civilian forces under authority of the Ministry
    of the Interior.  The head of the Border Guards has a bold,
    but as-yet unfunded, plan to establish 18 districts along the
    Yemeni-Saudi border to provide in depth defenses against
    smuggling activity.

    -- Yemen has also initiated a tripartite collaboration with
    Sudan and Ethiopia to increase counter-terrorism, security
    and cultural cooperation, as well as economic development.

    G) DESCRIBE ANY SIGNIFICANT HOST GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR
    INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM, TERRORISTS, OR TERRORIST GROUPS,
    INCLUDING (BUT NOT LIMITED TO) POLITICAL AND FINANCIAL
    SUPPORT OF TERRORISTS OR THEIR ACTIVITIES; DIPLOMATIC SUPPORT
    THROUGH DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION; MISUSE OF THE DIPLOMATIC
    POUCH AND OTHER DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES TO SUPPORT TERRORISM;
    PROVISION OF SANCTUARY AND/OR THE PRESENCE OF OFFICES OF
    TERRORIST GROUPS; PROVISION OF TRAINING OR TRAINING SITES;
    PROVISION OF WEAPONS; AND POSITIONS TAKEN ON TERRORISM ISSUES
    IN INTERNATIONAL FORA.

    -- Yemen is a supplier and transshipment point for weapons,
    including surface-to-air missiles, to both Middle Eastern and
    Horn of Africa countries.  A UN Committee of Experts recently
    reported on the need to reduce arms in the country and to
    increase international cooperation to reduce the flow of arms
    from Yemen to Somalia.  The government is aware of the
    illegal export of arms via various routes, and is taking
    steps to make borders less permeable (e.g. boat/vessel
    registration) and to track weapons within its borders (e.g.,
    gun licensing).

    -- Like other Arab governments, Yemen distinguishes between
    terrorism, which it condemns and opposes, and what it sees as
    legitimate resistance activities against the Israeli
    occupation by Palestinian organizations such as HAMAS and
    Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ).  (Note: This position was
    given formal expression in the 1998 Arab Convention on the
    Suppression of Terrorism. End note)

    -- Yemen has consistently opposed the U.S. definition of
    "terrorism" and calls for a "demarcation line" to be drawn
    between 'terrorism' and 'resistance' in reference to the
    Palestinian intifadha.  Yemen's policies provide political
    support to Palestinian organizations, while seeking to
    dissociate it from approval for terrorist acts, such as HAMAS
    and PIJ-sponsored suicide attacks against non-combatant
    Israeli targets.

    -- Al-Qaida is attempting to re-constitute an operational
    presence in Yemen.

    -- HAMAS maintains a political presence in Yemen.

    -- Yemen's indigenous Aden-Abyan Islamic Army remains active.

    -- While Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) has a legally declared
    presence in Yemen, it does not have any known actual or
    operational presence.

    -- Shaykh Abdallah Bin-Husayn al-Ahmar, Speaker of the Yemeni
    Parliament, has repeatedly called for boycotting Israeli
    goods as well as the goods that are made in states supporting
    Israel.  In an October rally for boycotting U.S. and Israeli
    goods at Sana'a University, Al-Ahmar said that "we must not
    buy Israeli products because it supports and strengthens the
    enemies of Islam, the oppressors, and the murderers who are
    spilling the blood of our Palestinian brothers."  Al-Ahmar
    subsequently backed away from any boycott of American goods.
    The al-Ahmar family runs the lucrative Kentucky Fried Chicken
    franchise in Sana'a.

    H) HAS THE HOST GOVERNMENT MADE ANY PUBLIC STATEMENTS IN
    SUPPORT OF A TERRORIST-SUPPORTING COUNTRY ON A TERRORISM
    ISSUE?  (THE SEVEN GOVERNMENTS DESIGNATED BY THE SECRETARY AS
    STATE SPONSORS OF TERRORISM ARE CUBA, IRAN, IRAQ, LIBYA,
    NORTH KOREA, SYRIA, AND SUDAN. PLEASE NOTE THAT, ALTHOUGH
    IRAQ REMAINS A DESIGNATED STATE SPONSOR, ALL APPLICABLE
    SANCTIONS HAVE BEEN SUSPENDED.)

    -- The Yemeni government does not consider Arab countries
    such as Iraq, Syria and Sudan as "terrorist-supporting"
    countries.  As far as Iraq is concerned, the Yemeni
    government did not support U.S.-led Operation Iraqi Freedom
    and never accepted the U.S. position that the former Iraqi
    regime possessed weapons of mass destruction.

    -- In many local and international events, Yemen has
    reiterated its rejection of terrorism and violence, as well
    as any activities that aim to impair the interests of any
    country.  Yemen always called for lifting the sanctions
    imposed on Sudan, Libya and Iraq "as the reasons for imposing
    the sanctions do not conform with international laws."

    -- Yemen has never considered suicide attacks carried out by
    HAMAS or by other jihad movements in Palestine as terrorist
    acts, but it called on such organizations to give former
    Palestinian Prime Minister Abu Mazen the chance to accomplish
    peace.

    -- On November 12, 2003, Yemeni Vice President Abd Rabbu
    Mansour Hadi met with the Syrian Ambassador in Sana'a
    denouncing Israeli threats to strike at Syria and declaring
    full support to Syria, which is strongly opposed to U.S. and
    Israeli policies.  The official Saba News Agency quoted Vice
    President Hadi as vowing full support to Syria "against any
    provocations threatening Syria's security or stability."
    These remarks came after Israel had threatened to hit Syria
    if it continued to support extremist organizations
    threatening Israel from Syrian territories.

    -- In May 2003, Iranian President Khatami visited Yemen to
    sign seven bilateral agreements to cooperate on security,
    trade, development, culture and shipping; Khatami was on the
    first visit by an Iranian president to Sana'a since the 1979
    Islamic Revolution.  Relations between the two countries have
    improved noticeably in recent years and both nations have
    shown a firm political resolve to boost bilateral ties.

    -- Yemen has consistently expressed solidarity with Sudan and
    called for its territorial integrity to be maintained.  The
    Yemeni government welcomed and expressed strong support for
    the recent peace accord signed between the Sudanese
    government and the Sudanese Front for the Liberation of
    Sudan.

    I) DESCRIBE ANY SIGNIFICANT CHANGE SINCE 2002, POSITIVE OR
    NEGATIVE, IN THE HOST GOVERNMENT'S ATTITUDE TOWARD TERRORISM,
    INTERNATIONAL OR DOMESTIC.  WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS
    CHANGE?

    -- Over the past several years, Yemen's attitude regarding
    international and domestic terrorism has strengthened
    noticeably, and the trend continued throughout 2003.  (See
    responses to questions above.)

    HULL

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