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### Viewing cable 03FRANKFURT2405, VERDICT IN FRANKFURT TERRORISM TRIAL - WHAT WE

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
03FRANKFURT2405 | 2003-03-20 11:51 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Consulate Frankfurt

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 10 FRANKFURT 002405

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED - NOT FOR INTERNET DISTRIBUTION

    DEPARTMENT FOR EUR/AGS
    DEPARTMENT FOR INR/TNC - MIKE STEINITZ
    DEPARTMENT FOR INR/EU - BOWMAN MILLER AND HENRY RECTOR
    DEPARTMENT FOR S/CT - PAUL BOYD AND STEPHANIE MOLNAR
    DEPARTMENT FOR DS/OP/EUR

    FBI FOR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS UNIT - SUE CURTIS
    FBI FOR COUNTERTERRORISM DIVISION - KEVIN FOUST

    JUSTICE FOR CRIMINAL DIVISION, OFFICE OF TERRORISM AND
    VIOLENT CRIMES - TERESA WALLBAUM

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PTER PINR PGOV AG GM
    SUBJECT:  VERDICT IN FRANKFURT TERRORISM TRIAL - WHAT WE
    LEARNED ABOUT THE FRANKFURT CELL'S METHODS AND CONTACTS

    REF: A. 2002 FRANKFURT 3580 (NOTAL); B. 2002 FRANKFURT 5829;
    ¶C. 2002 FRANKFURT 6207; D. 2002 FRANKFURT 10187

    ¶1. (U) Background and summary: This cable is a wrap up of
    the Frankfurt terrorism trial. It is based on observations
    by U.S. officials at the trial, but is not to be taken as a
    verbatim transcript of the proceedings.  When the written
    verdict is published, post will provide it to Department.

    ¶2.  (U)  Summary continued: Four Algerians and one Moroccan,
    part of a group commonly referred to as the "Frankfurt cell"
    or the "Meliani Group", were arrested in December 2000.
    Bomb-making materials and weapons were found in their
    Frankfurt apartments.  On March 10, 2003, four of the five
    defendants were sentenced to 10-12 years of prison (the
    possible maximum being 15) for plotting to bomb the
    Christmas market in Strasbourg, France.  One defendant,
    Busid Karimou, had his case severed from the rest of the
    group.  He was charged with membership in a terrorist group
    and was released from detention on August 30, 2002.  All the
    defendants trained in camps in Afghanistan.  The trial
    provided insight into the activities of a group of
    terrorists, who trained in Afghanistan, and operated in
    western Europe against a European target.  This cable
    compiles what was learned during the trial about the
    backgrounds of the terrorists and suspected terrorists,
    their movements and operations, and their connections to
    other terrorists in Europe.  End background and summary.

    Defendants Trained in Afghanistan, But Court Could Not Prove
    Al Qaeda Connection
    --------------------------------------------- ---------

    ¶3. (U) The group was arrested in December 2000 and their
    trial began in Frankfurt on April 2002, at the Higher State
    Court (Oberlandesgericht), convened by the Special Panel for
    State Security Cases (Staatsschutzsenat).  Four of the five
    defendants, Aerubi Beandali, Lamine Maroni, Fuhad Sabour and
    Salim Boukhari, were charged with forming a terrorist
    organization, planning an explosion, plotting to commit
    murder, falsifying documents, and possession of weapons.
    They were sentenced to 10-12 years in prison and have only a
    week to appeal, although their basis for appeals under
    German law is limited to procedural irregularities.  The
    theoretical maximum sentence was 15 years.  A formal written
    verdict is expected before the end of March.

    ¶4. (SBU) Defendants Beandali, Boukhari and Karimou admitted
    to training in terrorist camps in Afghanistan (Jalalabad,
    Khost and Khaldan).  Boukhari also mentioned learning
    electronics in Turkum, which he described as a "Kurdish
    camp" (presumably in Turkum, Pakistan).  Sabour said he had
    a year's training in "Islamic studies" in Afghanistan
    (presumably also at a terrorist camp) where he met Beandali
    and Boukhari.  A witness, Hassan Aknoush, said that Maroni
    also trained with terrorists in Afghanistan.  The court
    never successfully determined who planned or ordered the
    attack, although Chief Judge Zeiher said it probably
    originated with a man called Abu Doha in London.  Due to the
    complications of getting witnesses from other countries, the
    prosecution dropped the charge of "membership in a terrorist
    organization" on January 15, 2003.  The prosecution
    determined that proving the defendants were linked with
    known terrorist organizations would have dragged out the
    trial (it had already lasted nearly a year) without
    increasing the severity of the ultimate sentences.  There
    were some indications the group was affiliated with the
    Algerian GSPC or Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat,
    and their Afghanistan training suggests an Al Qaeda
    connection, but the court was unable to verify these
    connections.

    The Defendants: Multiple Aliases
    --------------------------------

    ¶5. (SBU) The following are the known names/aliases and dates
    of birth of the defendants.  (Some variances in spelling
    have been seen in different sources.)

    ¶A. Aeurobui Beandali (also Deandali) DOB 12/10/1975; aka Ben
    Ali; aka Mustapha Mestpha Kelouili DOB 11/19/1978; aka
    Djilali Benali Correia DOB 7/15/1975; aka Djilali Adadi DOB
    6/5/1975.  Presumed Algerian.

    ¶B. Lamine Moroni, DOB 1/10/1970; aka Benard Pascale, DOB
    7/25/1970. Presumed Algerian.

    ¶C. Salim Boukhari (also Boukari), DOB 8/8/1971; aka Hicham
    El-Haddad, DOB 4/30 1980; aka Claude Aman, DOB 8/8/1971; aka
    Karim Muscat DOB 8/8/1971; aka Messaoud (also Mesud) Zamali
    (also Zemani) DOB 8/4/1966; aka Mihdi; aka Malsara; aka
    Kamal.  Presumed Algerian.

    ¶D. Fouhad Sabour, DOB 2/13/1965; aka Hassene Benaimine DOB
    12/08/1967; aka Samir Bouinoual DOB 8/9/1978; aka Alain
    Dubois; aka Morira. French or Algerian.

    ¶E. Samir Karimou (also Krimou) aka Ibrahim Ahmed, DOB
    12/18/1968; aka Abdel Kader. (Released from prison August
    30, 2002, continued attending trial.) Born in Rabat,
    Morocco.

    The Evidence: Bomb-Making Materials, Weapons, Forged
    Passports, Videotape of Strasbourg Christmas Market
    --------------------------------------------- -------

    ¶6.  (SBU) The evidence presented in the case included a
    surveillance videotape of the Strasbourg Christmas market
    and surrounding area, the weapons and the bomb-making
    materials found in the apartments, and police recordings of
    defendants' phone conversations.  Two apartments and a
    rental car were searched by the Bundeskriminalamt or BKA
    (similar to the FBI).  An apartment in Roederbergweg was
    searched on December 23 and 26, 2000.  Another apartment on
    Sigmund Freud Strasse was searched on December 25-26, 2000.
    Items found included various passports and identification
    papers (some of them fraudulent); weapons, including two
    mini-machine pistols; 2 semi-automatic weapons; a revolver
    and ammunition; a hand grenade; 20 kg of potassium
    permanganate; various electrical components and wires;
    chemicals and a detonator; batteries; acetone peroxide
    (TATP); mobile phones; cannabis or hashish; nails; and cash
    in various currencies (German marks, British pounds, French
    francs.)  (Note: the cannabis or hashish was apparently seen
    on the initial search on December 23, 2000, but were missing
    when the items were seized on December 26.)  Various notes
    and letters were also found.  Forged passports were also
    found in one of the defendant's rental cars.  Defendant
    Beandali stated the weapons were eventually to be shipped to
    Algeria.

    The Defendants, Background, Statements, Observations
    --------------------------------------------- -------

    Defendant, Aeurobui Beandali: The Bomb Builder

    ¶7.  (SBU) Aeurobui Beandali was the first of the defendants
    to testify before the court.  Beandali expressed regret for
    his actions, stating that the events of September 11 had
    changed his views on terrorism as a means of political
    change.  Of the five defendants, Beandali seems to have been
    in Germany the longest but had the strongest connection to
    Algeria.  He said his original motivation was anger over
    human rights abuses committed by the Algerian military
    government.  Beandali said he has been a member of the
    Islamic Salvation Front political party (outlawed in 1992).
    Beandali fled Algeria in 1992 at the age of 16 and applied
    for political asylum in Germany.  After committing several
    criminal offences, including theft and aggravated assault,
    Beandali's German asylum application was rejected and he was
    ordered deported in April 1992.  He went into hiding to
    avoid deportation, supporting himself by petty crime and
    drug trafficking.  He also spent some time in France,
    although the dates are unclear, where he apparently also
    committed robbery and drug-related crimes.

    ¶8. (SBU) Beandali gave contradictory statements about his
    whereabouts in 1999-2000.  In one statement he said from
    March 1999 until spring 2000 he lived in an apartment on
    Leonardsgasse 7 in Frankfurt.  In another, he claimed he
    went to Afghanistan from about November 1999 - August 2000.
    Beandali said he paid his own way to train in a camp in
    Afghanistan, spending about $15,000 of his own money.
    Beandali claimed he had to pay for his own ammunition - $150
    for 750 rounds of ammunition.  He described his training in
    Afghanistan as specializing in religion, light weapons,
    heavy weapons and explosives.  Beandali said he met another
    defendant, Karimou, at a camp near the Afghan town of
    Khaldan, although Karimou stated he met Beandali in Khost.

    ¶9. (SBU) Beandali said he was an expert in explosives and
    that it was his job to buy the bomb-building materials for
    the Frankfurt cell. He explained that the bomb was to be
    placed in a large, aluminum, Pakistani steam pot, which he
    ordered in London.  (Note: The fact that this would have
    produced deadly splinter fragments was used as evidence that
    the targets were people and not an empty synagogue as the
    other defendants claimed.  End Note.)  He also bought large
    amounts of potassium permanganate.  Found among the evidence
    seized in the Frankfurt apartment was a letter, purportedly
    from a company, attempting to place an order for 115
    kilograms of potassium permanganate.  Beandali admitted that
    he and Boukhari had written the letter using a fabricated
    company name and person (Barakhat).  Given the large amount
    of potassium permanganate, the prosecutors asked if the
    group planned multiple attacks.  Beandali stated that
    several attacks in Algeria were planned after Strasbourg,
    hence the large amount of bomb materials.

    ¶10. (SBU) The BKA testified on what was found in Beandali's
    rental car, which was in very bad shape.  Found inside were
    a backpack, several false passports, various papers and
    passport photos.  One of the passports was connected with
    Aknoush and Aknoush's fingerprints were found on the
    backpack.  (Note: Aknoush, an associate of the Frankfurt
    cell, is in custody in France.)  They also found a mobile
    phone, whose number matched with one being monitored by the
    BKA.

    ¶11. (SBU) Despite Beandali's sometimes contradictory
    statements and previous criminal record, he was actually the
    most open with the court, helped moved the proceedings
    along, and expressed regret for his actions and a desire to
    turn away from Islamic extremism.  He received the lightest
    sentence, ten years, due to his cooperation with the court.
    Beandali accepted the sentence and said he would not appeal.

    Defendant, Lamine Maroni: The Disruptive, Absurd One
    --------------------------------------------- -------

    ¶12. (SBU) Beandali had stated that Lamine Maroni's only job
    was to help him mix the chemicals to make explosives and
    that he was not involved in planning the attack.  Maroni did
    not formally testify but confirmed some statements by
    defendant Sabour.  Maroni said Beandali was the leader of
    the Frankfurt cell and he openly displayed hostility to
    Beandali.  Maroni's role in the group was unclear, but the
    other defendants seemed to be a bit afraid of him.  Maroni
    seems to have been in England before coming to Frankfurt
    with Boukhari sometime in late 2000.  Maroni did not
    cooperated with his lawyers, then complained he was
    uninformed.  A witness, Hassan Aknoush, has stated that
    Maroni also trained with terrorists in Afghanistan.

    ¶13. (SBU) Maroni was disruptive from the start.  On the
    first day of the trial he shouted, "Everyone here is a Jew!"
    He said that non-believers are dirt, that he did not want a
    lawyer, and that he only had contact with God.  He continued
    to disrupt proceedings on subsequent trial days and was
    absent for the fourth trial session on May 7, 2002, after
    being found in prison with a razor blade which he used to
    cut up his clothing.  He later rejoined the trial, having
    missed several sessions.  Maroni enjoyed engaging in
    distracting behavior, especially when it seemed sensitive
    information was about to be revealed by a defendant or
    witness.  He yelled out things to the other defendants such
    as, "Sometimes they lie to you to get you talking."  He
    demanded sandwiches, chocolate, made absurd statements,
    criticized the judges and prosecuting attorneys, and
    complained loudly about his handcuffs.

    ¶14. (SBU) Maroni received a sentence of eleven years, one
    year higher than the prosecution had requested, for his lack
    of cooperation and repeated hostile statements.  His
    outbursts demonstrated his hatred and ruthlessness, the
    court concluded.

    Defendant Salim Boukhari: The London Connection
    --------------------------------------------- --

    ¶15. (SBU) The defendant Salim Boukhari appears to have had
    the strongest connections to London. The Algerian Embassy
    questioned him on October 30, 2002 with his lawyers present.
    The Algerian Embassy confirmed that Boukhari was Algerian,
    but cast doubt on the accuracy of the name and Algerian
    address he had given.  When Judge Zeiher read Boukhari's
    Algerian address from a letter Boukhari had written (50
    Boulevard Mohammed V, Algiers, 1016 Algeria), Boukhari
    declined to confirm it, but asked the judge not to reveal it
    to the Algerian Embassy, apparently afraid the Algerian
    government might harm his family.  The judge responded that
    the address was not a secret.

    ¶16. (SBU) According to his own statement, Boukhari wanted to
    study in France but failed to get a residence permit.  He
    went to London but was deported, though the dates are
    unclear.  Somehow he returned, and according to his own
    statements, lived in London starting from about 1995.  He
    married Tina Nash and lived with her at 79 Blesbury Road in
    London.  He worked for a security company called Mitas
    Security and then later moved to the Layton Stone district.
    He met a man named Noureddine in 1995, who got him
    interested in religion.  After Boukhari's divorce in 1998,
    he moved in with Noureddine, who recruited him for Islamic
    causes, showing him videos of Algeria, Chechnya and
    Palestine.  Boukhari said he thought of donating money to
    the Algerian freedom struggle but instead used his life
    savings of 3000 British pounds to go to Afghanistan via
    Pakistan.

    ¶17. (SBU) He arrived in Peshawar in early 2000.  He was
    welcomed by Hassan Aknoush and other Algerians, including a
    man named Jaffa.  Boukhari trained for five months in
    Afghanistan in light and heavy weapons, electronics and
    religion.  He became ill with malaria and typhoid fever and
    returned to Pakistan where he stayed with Jaffa.  In
    Pakistan, Boukhari got to know Beandali.  When Jaffa was
    forced to flee, pursued by Pakistani intelligence services,
    Boukhari obtained a forged British passport and returned to
    London on September 16, 2000.  He remarried in October 2000
    and had a son on June 19, 2001.  He met Noureddine again,
    who asked him if he was willing to go to Frankfurt to pick
    up some weapons from Aknoush.  Boukhari went to Frankfurt in
    early November 2000 for a few days.  Later in November 2000,
    he returned to Frankfurt, accompanied by Maroni, and stayed
    with Beandali.

    ¶18. (SBU) Boukhari's statements to the court were often
    confusing and inconsistent.  Regarding his involvement in
    the attack in Strasbourg, Boukhari said that the planning
    began in early December 2000, and claimed he agreed to
    participate if no one would be hurt.  He also claimed he
    intended to return to London in December 2000, and therefore
    would not be present at the time of the attack.  Boukhari
    admits he was the point of contact for Nourredine in London.
    Boukhari claims, however, that Nourreddine did not give
    orders or designate a target but gave "only ideas."
    Boukhari admitted buying chemicals at different locations in
    Germany with the help of Sabour.  Boukhari also admitted
    making the comment on the surveillance videotape of the
    Strasbourg Christmas market, "These are the enemies of God.
    They dance and are happy, God willing they will stew in
    hell."

    ¶19. (SBU) Aknoush stated that Boukhari was in contact with
    Abu Doha in London.  Boukhari said he had spoken with Abu
    Doha but only on the subject of renting rooms in Baden
    Baden.  Aknoush, in a statement from detention in France,
    also said that Boukhari was the assigned leader of the
    Frankfurt cell.  Boukhari stated that the attack was planned
    for the end of January or beginning of February 2001,
    perhaps, again to distract from the Christmas market as
    target and the charge of attempted murder.

    ¶20. (SBU) Boukhari received the longest sentence of the four
    defendants, twelve years in prison.  Judge Zeiher concluded
    he was the "driving force" behind the Frankfurt cell who
    obtained money for the operation, purchased the largest
    amount of bomb-making materials, and handled logistics.  He
    cooperated only reluctantly with the court, and frequently
    expressed hatred of Jews and western culture.

    Defendant, Fouhad Sabour
    ------------------------

    ¶21. (SBU) Fouhad Sabour said that he became involved with
    Islamic extremists in London in 1995.  In 1996, he was
    arrested in France for membership in a terrorist
    organization.  He admitted being a member of Algeria's GIA
    or Armed Islamic Front.  He said that he spent a year in
    Afghanistan (May 1999 - May 2000) for "Islamic legal
    studies."  (Note: Presumably, Sabour was also at a terrorist
    training camp, though he did not specify where.)  There he
    met Beandali and Boukhari.  It is not clear when Sabour came
    to Germany, but he said he met and moved in with Maroni in
    the Sigmund Freud Strasse apartment in Frankfurt.  Sabour
    admitted possessing three fraudulent passports and other
    forged documents and using aliases.

    ¶22. (SBU) Sabour's role in the plot was unclear.  Boukhari,
    in his statements, denied that Sabour had any detailed
    knowledge of the bombing plans.  It seems Sabour was
    assigned some duties (specifics unclear) to help in carrying
    out the attack together with Boukhari or Beandali.  Boukhari
    said he and Sabour bought chemicals at different locations
    in Germany.  Sabour also admitted driving the car to
    Strasbourg, accompanying Boukhari to videotape the target.

    ¶23. (SBU) Sabour received the second highest sentence of
    eleven and a half years.  The judges agreed with the
    prosecution that Sabour's participation in videotaping the
    Christmas market made him a willing accomplice in the
    attack.

    Defendant, Busid Karimou
    ------------------------

    ¶23. (SBU) Busid Karimou was released from detention on
    August 30, 2002.  The court could not find any evidence he
    was involved in the preparations for the bomb attack, thus
    he was only charged with membership in a criminal group,
    which carries a one-to-ten year sentence.  The judge ordered
    Karimou released from custody after he was incarcerated for
    17 months, noting that continued detention was unreasonable,
    considering that a prisoner can be eligible for an early
    release, based on good behavior, after having served two
    thirds of the sentence.  The judge noted that Karimou had
    lied repeatedly, given a false name, and at first denied
    that he had trained in Afghanistan, and thus was not
    innocent.

    ¶25. (SBU) According to his own statement, Karimou was born
    in Rabat, Morocco.  He moved to Algeria, then to Germany in
    February 1999.  He applied for asylum in Germany on February
    23, 1999 and fell in with hashish dealers while the decision
    was pending.  He felt he was being pursued by police and
    fled to London, where he hoped to get a job and a residence
    permit.  He began visiting the Finsbury Park mosque in
    London and became interested in religion and politics.  In
    January 2000, he joined a Tunisian friend named Amar and
    went to Afghanistan for training.  First he stayed with
    Jaffa in Peshawar, then went to a camp in Jalalabad.  There
    he met Boukhari, who had just ended his training.  He was
    required to turn in his forged French passport.  He met
    Beandali at a second camp in Khost.  The training was harder
    than he expected; Karimou said he argued constantly with his
    group leader and the other participants.  After only three
    months of training, he returned to Pakistan, where Jaffa
    accused him of being a traitor.  Karimou said he got his
    forged French passport back only after repeated attempts.

    ¶26. (SBU) Karimou returned to London in May 2000 and met an
    old friend from Frankfurt, Abdel Hadid.  Unable to find a
    job in London, Karimou moved to Frankfurt in July 2000.  At
    first he had no place to stay, but then managed to throw
    Aknoush out of his apartment in Sporstrasse 61.  (The
    landlord was angry because Aknoush had not paid his rent.)
    Apparently this apartment was used as a meeting point for
    the group, and Beandali and Boukhari were frequent visitors.
    Karimou said he had no knowledge of the Strasbourg attack
    and was never a member of the group.  Beandali, in his
    statement, also said Karimou was innocent and not involved
    in the plot but only arrested because they were friends.
    According to Beandali, Karimou was merely in the wrong place
    at the wrong time when arrests were made.

    Witnesses, Contacts and Others Connected to the Frankfurt
    Cell
    --------------------------------------------- ------------

    ¶27. (SBU) Mohammed Afane, witness. Born in Algeria, age 26,
    arrived in Frankfurt in April 2000 after transiting Spain
    and France.  Afane said he had met Karimou in Frankfurt, and
    knew Karimou's brothers in Algeria.  Afane also testified
    that he met Boukhari (known to him as Hitscham) in
    Weiterstadt prison near Darmstadt.  Boukhari asked Afane to
    take a letter for him, which Afane declined to do after
    reading it.  He said the letter mentioned "saving money for
    weapons to support our friends" and a man named Suleiman who
    was not arrested and "hopefully could make it before he also
    gets arrested."  Afane assumed Suleiman was a dangerous
    terrorist.  (Note: Suleiman may be Slimane Khalfaoui or
    Slimane Mutamna, see below.)

    ¶28. (SBU) Hassan Aknoush (aka Jassin; aka Moheme; aka
    Aknouche), witness.  In detention in France.  He apparently
    met Boukhari in Pakistan.  Aknoush's written statements were
    read by the Frankfurt court.  A backpack with Aknoush's
    fingerprints was found in Beandali's rental car.  Beandali
    has stated that the weapons seized in the Frankfurt
    apartment belonged to Aknoush, although Beandali denied
    Aknoush was connected to the bomb plot.  Beandali said he
    had known Aknoush since 1999.  Aknoush said, in statements
    to French authorities cited by the court in Frankfurt, that
    Abu Doha was the head of the Frankfurt cell and Boukhari was
    his closest contact.  Aknoush said that according to a phone
    call he had with Abu Doha, Abu Doha "picked Boukhari to be
    in charge of the attack in Strasbourg."  Aknoush stated, as
    reported in French police documents, that Boukhari and
    Maroni underwent training with Abu Kahba, an expert in bombs
    and chemical weapons connected to Al Qaeda, in Afganistan.

    ¶29. (SBU) Abu Doha (aka Dr. Rashid), contact.  Suspected
    Algerian terrorist leader, in custody in England awaiting
    extradition to the United States based on his connection
    with the plot to bomb Los Angeles International Airport
    during the Millenium.  He has been described by the media as
    the man who supervised Algerian terrorists in Europe once
    they had finished their training in Afghanistan.  Abu Doha
    was a contact of Boukhari's in London.  His role in the
    planned Strasbourg attack is unclear.  Defendant Beandali
    has denied Abu Doha was the leader of the Frankfurt cell.
    Defendant Boukhari has admitted to telephone conversations
    with Abu Doha, but said he has never met him.  Boukhari
    stated that Abu Doha had instructed the Frankfurt cell,
    presumably in December 2000, to rent another apartment "for
    a longer time," but Boukhari said that Abu Doha had nothing
    to do with the Strasbourg attack and was not the leader of
    the Frankfurt cell.  However, according to the BKA, British
    intelligence reported a telephone conversation between
    Boukhari (in Frankfurt) and Abu Doha (in London) on December
    24, 2000 in which the attack was discussed and Boukhari asks
    Abu Doha for more money for the rooms rented in Frankfurt.

    ¶30. (SBU) Mohammed Sadikki (aka Mohammed Bitchu), witness.
    Got to know Maroni and Beandali in two German prisons.
    Sadikki provided the most extensive testimony of any
    witness.  According to Sadikki, Maroni admitted to
    participation in a number of terrorist operations in the
    U.K.  Sadikki said Beandali asked him to deliver a message
    to a mosque in Frankfurt and talked of the need to fight
    Christians and Jews.  Beandali mentioned a synagogue in
    Lille, France as a potential target.  Beandali also told
    Sadikki the group planned further attacks in Germany, France
    and Spain.  Beandali never mentioned the Strasbourg
    Christmas market to Sadikki, but Beandali said he would like
    to turn Rome, the cradle of Christianity, into ashes.
    Sadikki verified Beandali's role as bomb expert and
    indicated that Beandali and other members of the group
    coordinated their testimonies in prison before the trial
    started.

    ¶31. (SBU) Sadikki mentioned Usama bin Laden twice.  Sadikki
    reported that Beandali asked him to contact a man named
    Abdul Rachman in London after his release.  Beandali
    described Rachman as "Usama bin Laden's representative" in
    London, who had also promised to take hostages to force the
    release of the members of the Frankfurt cell.  Sadikki also
    testified that Beandali told him that the camp in
    Afghanistan at which he was trained was run by Usama bin
    Laden.  Sadikki also said that the group used forged
    documents and stolen credit cards. Sadikki's testimony was
    sharply challenged by Beandali's attorney.  Sadikki also did
    not always strike observers as a credible witness since much
    of his testimony consisted of merely confirming statements
    he had given earlier to the police.  He also seemed to be
    exaggerating at times.  For example, at one point, he said
    the Frankfurt cell had 38 million German marks at their
    disposal, which caused the defendants to laugh.

    ¶32. (SBU) Slimane Khalfaoui, (aka Azzedine; aka Slimane
    Amena; aka Sedine; aka "Tourist"), contact.  Was arrested in
    an eastern suburb of Paris, France on November 25, 2002 in
    connection with the Strasbourg bombing plot.  Slimane
    Khalfaoui is described by a New York Times report as "an
    important member of the Al Qaeda network in Europe," a 27-
    year-old with French-Algerian nationality, who fought in
    Bosnia and Afghanistan and has been on wanted lists since
    ¶1996.  Beandali admitted knowing Slimane Khalfaoui.  The
    police have a recording of a phone conversation between
    Slimani Kalfaoui and Beandali from December 25, 2000.  They
    discussed the whereabouts of Noureddine and Slimane
    Kalfaoui's expected arrival in Frankfurt.  Slimane Khalfaoui
    may have lived in Lyon for a time, providing the Frankfurt
    cell with information on Jewish communities.  Beandali
    stated that Slimane Khalfaoui "sometimes resided in Germany,
    but also in France and Britain."

    ¶33. (SBU) Abdul Rachman, alleged contact.  Described by the
    witness Sadikki (see above) as "Usama bin Laden's
    representative" in London, who had also promised to take
    hostages to force the release of the members of the
    Frankfurt cell.  Sadikki, in his testimony, stated that
    defendant Beandali had asked Sadikki to contact a man named
    Abdul Rachman in London after Sadikki's release.

    ¶34. (SBU) Meliani, aka Mohamed Bensakhiria, alleged contact.
    Currently in French custody.  According to an Italian police
    report filed with a court in Milan, the Frankfurt cell is
    connected to Mohamed Bensakhiria in Italy.  Meliani has also
    been described as a leader of the Frankfurt cell and the BKA
    has investigated other Meliani contacts in Berlin.  The
    Frankfurt cell's connection to Meliani was never pursued by
    the Frankfurt court.

    ¶35. (SBU) Lazahr ben Mohamad Tlilli, alleged contact.  A 33-
    year old Tunisian man was arrested in Marseille in mid-
    October 2000.  According to the media, Lazahr ben Mohamad
    Tlilli was in possession of false documents and telephone
    numbers of people suspected of terrorist involvement in
    Italy, Germany, Belgium, England and France.  Lazahr ben
    Mohamad Tlilli is alleged to have connections with at least
    one member of the Frankfurt cell.  The Frankfurt court did
    not pursue this connection.

    ¶36. (SBU) Mounir Shuhaib, contact.  Another suspected
    terrorist and alias of the person who rented the apartment
    in Sigmund Freud Strasse according to BKA testimony.

    ¶37. (SBU) Hassan Atap, contact.  According to Beandali, he
    is an opposition leader in Algeria and was his contact for
    planning attacks in Algeria.

    ¶38. (SBU) Jaffa, contact. For a time based in Peshawar,
    described by Boukhari as a member of the Takfiri group, more
    extremist than the Taliban.  Karimou also mentioned Jaffa in
    Peshawar.  Karimou said Jaffa accused him of being a traitor
    when Karimou gave up after only three months of training in
    Afghanistan.  Jaffa was reluctant to return to Karimou his
    forged French passport.  (Note: Perhaps this is the Abu
    Jaffar mentioned by Ahmed Ressam, the millennium bomber in
    his 2001 testimony, as "in charge of the Algerian cells"
    training in Afghanistan.  Abu Jaffar was also described by
    Ressam as being a camp leader, and training recruits in the
    use of TNT and C4 explosives.)

    ¶39. (SBU) Djoumakh, alleged contact.  In detention in
    France, presumed Algerian.  Mentioned in the November 23,
    2002 trial session by Judge Zeiher as a friend of Slimane
    Mutamna.  Prosecutor Brinkmann said that Djoumakh had
    testified on contacts Maroni, Boukhari and Sabour had with
    Abu Doha and Slimane Mutamna in London.

    ¶40. (SBU) Salime (also Slimane) Mutamna, contact.  Boukhari
    said he, Salime Mutamna and Sabour were all together in
    Frankfurt in November 2000, where they attempted to purchase
    weapons for Algeria.

    Motivation, Connection to Al Qaeda?
    -----------------------------------

    ¶41. (SBU) The defendants gave various and contradictory
    explanations of their motivation for a terrorist attack.
    Beandali, the most active in Algerian causes, claimed anger
    at human rights abuses in Algeria or "fighting the dangerous
    regime" in Algeria a motivation.  Beandali stated the
    weapons seized by authorities were intended for Algeria.
    Boukhari and Sabour also cited solidarity with the "struggle
    of the Palestinian people" as a reason.  A desire to disrupt
    relations between France and Israel was also mentioned.  All
    defendants seem to share a general hatred of Jews and
    Christians as shown in statements such as, "Non-believers
    don't deserve to breathe.  They are the enemies of God...."
    The court did not establish any clear motivation for the
    attack by the Frankfurt cell -- or any of its members -- or
    why Strasbourg in particular was selected as a target,
    though clearly the Strasbourg cathedral and market are
    heavily symbolic.  The defendants have given contradictory
    statements about whose idea the attack was.  Sabour stated
    it was the idea of the Frankfurt cell alone, while Beandali
    said that Boukhari received orders for the attack from
    London.  Defendants are vigorous in denying any connection
    to Al Qaeda, though their training in Afghanistan camps and
    contact with other known Al Qaeda network members make this
    claim somewhat doubtful.  The court abandoned attempts to
    prove an Al Qaeda connection by dropping membership in a
    terrorit organization charges in January, 2003.

    What was the London Connection?  What was the role of Abu
    Doha and Noureddine?
    --------------------------------------------- -----------

    ¶42. (SBU) Abu Doha: The London connection to the Frankfurt
    cell is unclear.  According to the BKA, British intelligence
    reported a phone call between Boukhari (in Frankfurt) and
    Abu Doha (in London) on December 24, 2000, in which a
    terrorist attack is discussed and Boukhari asks Abu Doha for
    more German money to pay for two rooms rented in Frankfurt.
    Boukhari admitted to having phone conversations with Abu
    Doha, but denied Abu Doha was the leader of the group. The
    criminal complaint filed in the Southern District of New
    York alleges that Abu Doha facilitated the travel of
    trainees into Al-Qaeda-affiliated training camps and was
    responsible for establishing communication among various
    cells in the training camps (see par. 8).  In addition, in
    press statements, the prosecutors described Abu Doha as a
    key figure in Al Qaeda.

    ¶43. (SBU) Noureddine (never further identified), Beandali's
    View: Noureddine was another London contact frequently
    mentioned.  Beandali said he distrusted Noureddine.  He said
    he met him in Afghanistan and noted he did not follow
    Islamic washing rites.  He described Noureddine as an
    Algerian with a French passport living in London.  He stated
    that Noureddine was an undercover agent of French
    intelligence and that Noureddine had told Beandali that the
    French secret service had offered him money to inform on
    Algerians living in London and Afghanistan.  Beandali also
    heard from a man known as "the Emir" that Noureddine was an
    informer.  Beandali also said that Noureddine was flown out
    of the Balkans by the French government.  Noureddine was
    also interested in a man named Hisham, whom Beandali claimed
    was wanted by the FBI.  Beandali said he helped Hisham
    escape from Afghanistan to London, then to Germany and
    Spain.  Eventually, Hisham was arrested in Algeria and
    Beandali believes Noureddine turned Hisham into the
    authorities.  Thus for several reasons, Beandali felt
    Noureddine was an informer.  In a somewhat contradictory
    statement, however, Beandali suspected Noureddine of
    directing the attack in Strasbourg (Comment: This seems
    strange for a French intelligence agent.  End comment) and
    giving orders to Boukhari from London.  Beandali told Judge
    Zeiher, when he "heard Noureddine in London was behind the
    plan," he "found it unlikely that the target was an empty
    building.  A guy like Noureddine certainly had something
    more spectacular in mind, something where people could be
    hurt."

    ¶44. (SBU) Noureddine, Boukhari's View: In contrast, Boukhari
    appears to have been a rather close friend of Noureddine.
    Boukhari stayed with Noureddine at his London apartment at
    various times and between his marriages.  Noureddine
    apparently nudged Boukhari in the direction of Islamic
    extremism, inspiring him to train in Afghanistan.  Boukhari
    also said that the Frankfurt cell had 20,000 German marks at
    their disposal, which Noureddine had brought from London.
    Boukhari has been vague about Noureddine's role in the
    Strasbourg attack, but has stated that Noureddine only gave
    "ideas, not orders."

    CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENT
    -----------------------

    ¶45. (SBU) The defendants, all of Algerian or Moroccan
    origin, spent time in western Europe (especially France,
    England and Germany), and were involved in terrorist and/or
    criminal activity for several years.  They moved easily in
    and out of Germany and around western Europe.  Four of the
    five (all but Maroni) have admitted to training in
    Afghanistan.  Three of the five (Beandali, Boukhari,
    Karimou) admitted to training in terrorist camps there.  A
    witness, Hassan Aknoush, has stated that Maroni also trained
    with terrorists in Afghanistan.  Thus if Aknoush is correct,
    all five defendants trained in Afghanistan.  The Frankfurt
    cell was planning some type of bomb attack in Strasbourg and
    had gathered significant bomb-making materials for the job.
    The Frankfurt cell had definite connections to others
    assumed to be terrorists or Islamic extremists in England
    and France.  Although the court could not prove an Al Qaeda
    connection, defendants admitted contact with Slimane
    Khalfaoui (in France, alleged member of Al Qaeda network),
    Abu Doha (in London, alleged member of Al Qaeda network);
    and Noureddine (in London, affiliation unknown.)  In reading
    the sentences, Judge Zeiher said that the arrest of the
    defendants had "prevented a bloodbath."

    ¶46. (U) This message has been coordinated with Embassy
    Berlin.

    BODDE

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