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### Viewing cable 05ANKARA7239, TURKEY 2005-2006 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05ANKARA7239 | 2005-12-09 14:11 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Ankara

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 ANKARA 007239

    SIPDIS

    DEPARTMENT FOR INL, EUR/SE
    JUSTICE FOR OIA, AFMLS, AND NDDS
    TREASURY FOR FINCEN
    DEA FOR OILS AND OFFICE OF DIVERSION CONTROL

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: SNAR TU
    SUBJECT: TURKEY 2005-2006 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS
    CONTROL STRATEGY REPORT, VOLUME I

    REF: STATE 209561

    -------
    Summary
    -------

    ¶1. (U) Turkey is a major transit route for Southwest
    Asian opiates to Europe, and serves as a base for major
    narcotics traffickers and brokers. Turkish law
    enforcement organizations focus their efforts on
    stemming the traffic of drugs and intercepting
    precursor chemicals. Turkish law enforcement forces
    cooperate closely with European and U.S. agencies.
    While most of the heroin trafficked via Turkey is
    marketed in Western Europe, an increasing amount of
    heroin and opium also is smuggled from Turkey to the
    U.S. There is no appreciable cultivation of illicit
    narcotics in Turkey other than marijuana grown
    primarily for domestic consumption. There is no
    diversion from Turkey's licit opium poppy cultivation
    and pharmaceutical morphine production program. Turkey
    is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention.

    -----------------
    Status of Country
    -----------------

    ¶2. (U) Turkey is a major transshipment point. Turkey is
    also a base of operations for international narcotics
    traffickers and associates trafficking in opium,
    morphine base, heroin, precursor chemicals and other
    drugs. The majority of these opiates originate in
    Afghanistan, and are ultimately trafficked to Western
    Europe. A smaller but still not insignificant amount of
    heroin is trafficked to the U.S. via Turkey. Turkish
    law enforcement forces are strongly committed to
    disrupting narcotics trafficking. The Turkish National
    Police (TNP) remains Turkey's most sophisticated
    counternarcotics force, with the Jandarma and Customs
    continuing to play a significant role. Turkish
    authorities continue to seize large amounts of heroin
    and precursor chemicals, such as acetic anhydride. It
    is estimated that multi-ton amounts of heroin are
    smuggled through Turkey each month.  A small amount of
    heroin is still being refined in Turkey.
    ¶3. (U) Turkey is one of the two traditional licit opium-
    growing countries recognized by the USG and the
    International Narcotics Control Board. Opium for
    pharmaceutical is cultivated and refined in Turkey
    under strict domestic controls, and in accordance with
    all international treaty obligations. There is no
    appreciable illicit drug cultivation in Turkey other
    than cannabis grown primarily for domestic consumption.
    ¶4. (U) Turkish law enforcement authorities continue to
    seize large quantities of synthetic drugs that have
    been manufactured in Northern and Eastern European
    countries. The majority of the synthetic drug seizures
    have occurred as the drugs were being shipped through
    Turkey to other countries in the Middle East.
    -------------------------------------
    Country Actions Against Drugs in 2005
    -------------------------------------

    ¶5. (U) Policy Initiatives: The GOT devotes significant
    financial and human resources to counternarcotics
    activities. Turkey continues to play a key role in
    Operation Containment (a DEA regional program to reduce
    the flow of Afghan heroin to Western Europe) as well as
    in other regional efforts.
    ¶6. (U) The Turkish International Academy against Drugs
    and Organized Crime (TADOC), established under the
    Turkish National Police (TNP), continues to be a key
    agency leading the fight against drug abuse in Turkey.
    In 2004, TNP increased the number of drug training and
    prevention units it previously established in various
    provinces, to cover most parts of Turkey. These units
    conducted intensive training programs for parents,
    teachers and students in these provinces, making a
    major contribution to the GOT's drug prevention
    efforts.
    ¶7. (U) Accomplishments: TADOC organized 44 training
    programs for local and regional law enforcement
    officers in 2005.  A total of 287 foreign officers were
    trained at TADOC this year, including officers from the
    Balkans, Central Asia, Syria, and Afghanistan. The
    training programs focused on drug trafficking,
    corruption, counterfeiting, illegal immigration, money
    laundering, and demand reduction.  TADOC also hosted an
    FBI training program on criminal interrogation
    techniques for 35 law enforcement officers from the
    region.  A 2004 UN drug survey indicated that while
    there was no major increase in drug abuse in Turkey in
    the last couple of years, the use of synthetic drugs is
    on the rise.  TNP conducted distance training programs
    in nine large cities in 2005.  TADOC believes that
    these seminars, along with the rural TNP units'
    training and prevention efforts, made a significant
    contribution in limiting the increase of drug abuse in
    Turkey.
    ¶8. (U) Law Enforcement Efforts: Through 05 December
    2005, Turkish law enforcement agencies seized 7760
    kilograms of heroin, 409 kilograms of morphine base,
    7.6 million dosage units of synthetic drugs, 10,671
    kilograms of hashish and 25 kilograms of cocaine. In
    addition, the GOT law enforcement authorities have made
    more than 12,749 drug-related arrests.  (The Jandarma
    and Customs have only reported statistics through
    October 2005.)
    ¶9. (U) Corruption:  In December 2005, the General
    Assembly's Foreign Affairs Committee adopted a draft
    law ratifying the UN Convention Against Corruption.
    Transparency International noted that Turkey improved
    its fight against corruption this year, moving from
    77th to 65th in the transparency ranking of 159
    countries. A World Bank business survey prepared this
    year also suggested a drop in corruption in Turkey
    between 2002 and 2005.  There is still no government
    agency specifically tasked with the fight against
    corruption.
    ¶10. (U) Agreements and Treaties: Turkey is a party to
    the 1988 UN Drug Convention, the 1971 UN Convention on
    Psychotropic Substances, and the 1961 UN Single
    Convention, as amended by the 1972 Protocol. Turkey
    also is a party to the UN Convention Against
    Transnational Organized Crime and its three protocols.
    The U.S. and Turkey cooperate in law enforcement
    matters under a 1981 treaty on extradition and mutual
    assistance in legal matters.
    ¶11. (U) Cultivation/Production: Illicit drug
    cultivation, primarily cannabis, is minor and has no
    impact on the United States. The Turkish Grain Board
    strictly controls licit opium poppy cultivation quite
    successfully, with no apparent diversion into the
    illicit market.
    ¶12. (U) Drug Flow/Transit: Turkey remains a major
    route, and storage, production and staging area, for
    the flow of heroin to Europe. Turkish-based traffickers
    and brokers operate in conjunction with narcotics
    smugglers, laboratory operators, and money launderers
    in and outside Turkey. They finance and control the
    smuggling of opiates to and from Turkey. Afghanistan is
    the source of most of the opiates reaching Turkey.
    Morphine and heroin base are smuggled overland from
    Afghanistan and Pakistan via Iran. Opiates and hashish
    also are smuggled to Turkey overland from Afghanistan
    via Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Traffickers
    in Turkey illegally acquire the heroin precursor
    chemical, acetic anhydride, from sources in Western
    Europe, the Balkans and Russia. For fiscal year 2004,
    2304 liters of acetic anhydride was seized in, or
    destined for, Turkey. Some of them reportedly have
    interests in heroin laboratories operating near the
    Iranian-Turkish border in Iran. Turkish-based
    traffickers control much of the heroin marketed to
    Western Europe.
    ¶13. (U) In 2005, Turkish authorities reported an
    increase in synthetic drug seizures throughout Turkey.
    Although Turkish law enforcement has not seen a large
    increase in synthetic drug manufacturing in Turkey,
    Turkish National Police did report one synthetic drug
    laboratory seizure in Usak, Turkey in December 2004.
    For calendar year 2005, a total of 7.5 million dosage
    units of synthetic drugs, predominantly captagon and
    Ecstasy, were seized in Turkey.
    ¶14. (U) Demand Reduction: While drug abuse remains low
    in Turkey compared to other countries, the number of
    addicts reportedly is increasing. Although the Turkish
    Government is increasingly aware of the need to combat
    drug abuse, the agencies responsible for drug awareness
    and treatment remain under-funded. As of 2005, seven
    Alcohol and Substance Abuse Treatment and Education
    Clinics (AMATEM) have been established, which serve as
    regional drug treatment centers. Due to lack of funds,
    only one of the centers focuses on drug prevention as
    well as treatment. The most recent clinic was opened in
    Ankara in 2004 and will serve as the countrywide
    coordinating center for drug and alcohol treatment and
    education. TADOC's Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug
    Addiction is increasing its ability to coordinate the
    drug prevention effort at a national level.  In this
    effort, TADOC hired new personnel in 2005 to support
    its data gathering, evaluation, and demand reduction
    activities.  The Health Ministry has not conducted a
    drug abuse survey since 1995 due to lack of resources.
    ------------------------------------
    U.S. Policy Initiatives and Programs
    ------------------------------------

    ¶15. (U) Policy Initiatives and Programs: Through fiscal
    year 1999, the U.S. Government extended $500,000
    annually in assistance. While that program has now
    terminated, during 2005-06 the U.S. Government
    anticipates spending approximately $60,000 in
    previously-obligated funds on counternarcotics
    programs.
    ¶16. (U) Bilateral Cooperation: DEA reports excellent
    cooperation with Turkish officials. Turkish
    counternarcotics forces have developed technically,
    becoming increasingly professional, in part based on
    the training and equipment they received from the U.S.
    and other international law enforcement agencies.
    ¶17. (U) Road Ahead: U.S. policy remains to strengthen
    Turkey's ability to combat narcotics trafficking, money
    laundering and financial crimes.

    WILSON

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