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### Viewing cable 04ANKARA4448, TIP IN TURKEY: POLICE GUIDEBOOK ON TIP

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04ANKARA4448 | 2004-08-09 13:53 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Ankara

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 ANKARA 004448

    SIPDIS

    DEPARTMENT FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, EUR/PGI, EUR/SE

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PREL KCRM PHUM KWMN SMIG KFRD PREF TU TIP IN TURKEY
    SUBJECT: TIP IN TURKEY: POLICE GUIDEBOOK ON TIP
    INVESTIGATIONS PUBLISHED, DISTRIBUTED

    ¶1.   (U) In an August 5 meeting at the Turkish Security
       Directorate, Foreigners Department Assistant Director Murat
       Oz provided para 2 text of the Turkish Security
       Directorate's anti-TIP guidebook.  Oz told Emboff that the
       guidebook was published by the Security Directorate and
       distributed to law enforcement officers, agencies, and
       departments including the Departments of Order, Smuggling
       and Organized Crimes, and Foreigners at the Turkish Security
       Directorate.

    ¶2.   (U) Text of the Turkish-language TIP Investigation
       guidebook provided through unofficial local FSN translation.
       BEGIN TEXT:

         SECURITY DIRECTORATE GENERAL
         FOREIGNERS BORDER ASYLUM DEPARTMENT HEAD
         THE FIGHT AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING - GUIDE BOOK

         Human Trafficking should not be confused with human
         smuggling.  It is a modern version of slavery that
         threatens individuals, societies, nations and states.
         Human Trafficking is an international phenomenon,
         reaching dangerous levels especially after the
         disintegration of the Soviet Union.

         Human trafficking in our country is seen from time to
         time in cases of forced prostitution (mainly of women
         between the ages of 18-25 and mostly from Eastern Bloc
         countries).  The important point here is to carefully
         make the distinction between those who freely decide to
         engage in prostitution for financial profit and those
         who are forced into prostitution.

         Traffickers recruit victims by exerting force, pressure
         and creating fear, by cheating and through deceit.
         There is a lasting relationship between the exploiters
         (human traffickers) and the exploited that continues
         after crossing the border.  This modern cross-boundary
         crime includes sexual or other types of exploitation
         and servitude, violation of human dignity and loss of
         freedom for the victims.

         Paragraph "b" was included in Article 201 of the
         Turkish Penal Code on August 9, 2002.  The crime of
         human trafficking was defined and punishments were set.
         According to this provision:

              Article 201/b - Those who provide, kidnap,
              transport from one place to another, shelter
              individuals to make them work by force or serve,
              be subject to slavery or similar treatment, impose
              threat, pressure, force or violence on them, shall
              be sentenced to heavy imprisonment from five years
              to ten years and fined not less than 1 billion TL.

              If the acts were attempted with the purposes
              mentioned in paragraph one, it will be regarded
              that they were done without the consent of the
              victim.

              In cases that minors who have not completed the
              age of 18 are provided, kidnapped, transported or
              sheltered with the purposes mentioned in paragraph
              one, even if none of the acts of the crime were
              committed, the perpetrator shall be punished with
              the punishments mentioned in paragraph one.

              If the crimes mentioned above were committed in an
              organized manner, the punishments shall be
              increased by one fold.

         Human trafficking is usually organized internationally
         and results in grave consequences for victims'
         security, prosperity, and human rights.  Because income
         obtained from human trafficking with the purpose of
         sexual exploitation is high, continuous and low-risk,
         it is a preferred method of organized criminal gangs.

         Victims find themselves serving as "slaves" in the sex
         industry, domestic servants at homes or workers in
         factories under inhuman conditions for long periods.

         Here the main goal of human traffickers is to make
         money through long-term exploitation.  With this
         purpose, human traffickers use elements of force such
         as incarceration, debt bondage, isolation, confiscating
         identity and travel documents, intimidation, rape and
         use of force, threats of violence against a victims'
         family.

         Other efficient methods utilized by traffickers include
         pressure methods.  Traffickers tell victims they are
         free to go to the police, because they falsely assert
         police were purchased through bribes.  Traffickers may
         also tell victims that they will be deported
         immediately, without interrogation, if they go to
         police.

         One of the reasons that victims' hesitate to apply to
         the police is that most of them come from countries
         where police are regarded negatively, a force of
         pressure rather than an assisting service.

         Turkish police personnel conducting investigations
         should be very careful to provide full information
         about all kinds of assistance, support and services
         that would be helpful for the victims to obtain relief
         from their current situation.

         When victims become witnesses, the duty of the
         personnel that conduct the investigation is to be
         sensitive towards the victimized witness and respect
         her rights.  Their duty is also to prepare the most
         appropriate conditions for her to present the evidence
         she has, testify and overcome the trauma that is
         entailed inevitably to the investigation and trial
         process.

         Explaining the situation thoroughly and building
         confidence are key factors in communicating with the
         victims. There are three main issues that concern
         victims:

              - Personal Security
              - Privacy Issues: Protection from the media
              - Separation from the human traffickers who
              exploited them

         The following issues should be handled with priority in
         order to calm victims and facilitate the collection of
         evidence that will assist in the investigation:

              -    Personnel who take testimony should be respectful,
                helpful and should refrain from judging the person.  In c
                of sexual exploitation, the terms used for defining the
                victim, human trafficker, customers and prostitution shou
                be selected carefully so that the victim is not intimidat
                or embarrassed.

              -    Personnel conducting the investigation should act in a
                professional manner with the victim and should refrain fr
                physical contact.  The personnel conducting the
                investigation should refrain from behavior that would
                suggest disrespect to the victim.

              -    Use of proper and respectful language is very
                important.  The officers should refrain from using obscen
                words or sexual implications.

              -    In all cases the officer taking victim's testimony
                should be of the same gender with the victim.

              -    The officers taking the testimony of the victim should
                be trained about the crime of human trafficking.

              -    The meeting with the victim should be held in a quiet
                location. Psychological support should be available.  Thi
                situation will decrease a victim's hesitation and develop
                confidence in law enforcement officers.

              -    Human trafficking for the purpose of sexual
                exploitation is a crime that emerges as a way of life.  I
                most cases, most evidence is hidden in details.  So the
                victim should give detailed information about incidents,
                matter how lengthy.

              -    Investigators should stress the importance of providin
                any details about places where incidents happened, routs,
                clothes, people, documents, decoration and furniture in t
                room where the victims were locked or raped.

              -    It is also very important that the victims should be
                warned clearly that they should tell the truth.

              -    It is of vital importance that the victims should know
                that attempts to lie to or intentionally deceive
                investigators will be uncovered during the course of the
                investigation and that this would defame the victim as a
                witness and that it would endanger the court case.
              -    In this regard, the victim should be encouraged to tal
                about the impact of the crime on her quality of life;
                whether she feels ready to establish a free life as a nor
                citizen; whether she can go back home without fear; wheth
                she has lost her confidence and respect.

         Upon a victim's complaint or upon information from
         another resource, when it becomes necessary to launch a
         raid in a building to capture human trafficking
         perpetrators or rescue victims, the following elements
         should be used as an ideal practice:

              -    Translators speaking the language of perpetrators and
                victims;

              -    Officials documenting with video and photos;

              -    Forensic medicine officials;

              -    Special technical support teams.

              Victims of human trafficking might be suspected of
              crimes such as possession of fake visas or travel
              documents or voluntary prostitution.  However, it
              should not be forgotten that they are the most
              important witnesses against human traffickers.

              To encourage confidence and trust, victims should
              not be held with criminals in the security
              precinct.  Without human traffickers around,
              victims will be more inclined to share
              information.

              Assigned security personnel should carefully
              record every possible detail about the place of
              incident and apprehension of suspects, including
              statements during apprehension, situation of the
              rooms in the place where prostitution is being
              done, and clothes worn by victims.  Details should
              be recorded in such a manner that suspects later
              cannot claim they were unaware of prostitution.

              Suspects' offices, brothels or meeting buildings
              and houses should be searched in accordance with
              legislation.  Records about these places are very
              important, especially if the victims claim they
              were subject to bad treatment and/or sexual rape.

              If the victim engaged in prostitution, it will be
              a remote possibility to find a forensic medicine
              sample that would become evidence for a rape case.
              For this reason, a video film that displays the
              layout and setting of the incident venue will be
              vital evidence enhancing the testimony of the
              victim.

         The following checklist should be used to acquire
         evidence in human trafficking criminal investigations;
         responses should be attached to the record:

                - Copy of an ad, appointment book, letter to
                language schools, applications to consulates
                for visa;

                - No matter how small the amount is, cash
                money, credit card, check book or a document
                about a financial transaction;

                - Any documents showing remittances of victims
                to human traffickers in the form of a daily
                payment book, hand written payment list, or
                money transfer receipts;

                - Identity cards and travel documents, tickets,
                receipts, boarding passes, luggage tags and all
                related documents;

                - Letter of guarantee, dance contract, language
                school records, contracts such as finding
                friends or marriage agency employment; any
                contract and all kinds of documents related
                with issuance of passports and visas;
                - Any documents about daily administration of
                prostitution such as announcement material,
                daily sketch papers, price lists, texts to be
                read;

                - Pornographic material to be used in
                prostitution;

                - All kinds of rental agreement documents and
                contracts for buildings and other associated
                facilities associated;

                - Computers, cellular phones, fax machines,
                personal data banks an all kinds of
                communication and information technology
                equipment;

                - Expensive motor vehicles, jewelry, furniture
                or technical equipment and other valuable
                material.

         In Summary:

         The crime of human trafficking should be referred to as
         a violation of human rights.  People and networks
         involved in trafficking should be identified and
         treated in accordance with article 201/b of the TPC.

         The victims should not be treated as criminals but
         victims of a crime; victims should not be kept in
         detention but in an appropriate, clean and secure
         medium.

         People, who come to our country just to make money
         through prostitution and stay in our country for this
         purpose, should be subject to legal and administrative
         procedures.

         Those who are victims and who reveal the criminals
         shall be given residential permits for one month at the
         first instance.

         Any information and/or intelligence should be evaluated
         and reported with case notes.   After gathering
         information from other provinces, as required,
         necessary steps should be taken in coordination with
         the related security and Jandarma commanders.  The
         Ministry of Interior must be informed about steps
         taken.

         After taking testimonies of the suspects, victims, and
         other members of the organization, their external links
         should be discovered in detail and legal procedures
         should be initiated against these people, then our
         ministry should be informed.

         Victims should be sent to the closest health
         institution to undergo full medical evaluations and
         physicals.  Considering victims of foreign
         nationalities are in a country away from their language
         and culture, translators should be provided.

         When victims are rescued, forensic medicine
         examinations should be conducted and, in the absence of
         a Ministry of Interior forensic medicine physician, a
         trusted and experienced doctor should do the
         examinations.  Physical and psychological exams of the
         victims should be administered.

         If the victims have travel documents and/or identity
         documents, photocopies of these documents should be
         taken and sent to our ministry as attachments.

         Information about transit, destination and departure
         countries on the travel documents should be compared
         with the testimonies of the victim and if they
         contradict, the victim's testimony should be taken
         again.
         Under the light of evidence collected, those who are
         responsible should be sent to the judiciary
         immediately. END TEXT.
    DEUTSCH

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