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### Viewing cable 06BEIJING5618, DOE OLYMPIC RADIATION SECURITY WORKSHOP IN BEIJING

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
06BEIJING5618 | 2006-03-27 09:41 | 2011-08-23 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Beijing

`

    VZCZCXRO2443
    OO RUEHCN
    DE RUEHBJ #5618/01 0860941
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    O 270941Z MAR 06
    FM AMEMBASSY BEIJING
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 1221
    INFO RUEHOO/CHINA POSTS COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
    RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHDC PRIORITY
    RHMFIUU/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 BEIJING 005618

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE
    SIPDIS

    USDOC FOR 6000/ITA/TD/RPACE
    USDOE FOR OFFICE OF SECRETARY
    USDOE FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
    DS/P/PL FOR MIKE VANBUSKIRK
    S/CT FOR TIM WALSH
    EAP/CM FOR NOAH ZARING

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PREL PTER KNNP MNUC ENRG ECON ETRD BTIO RGY
    CH, KOLY
    SUBJECT: DOE OLYMPIC RADIATION SECURITY WORKSHOP IN BEIJING
    PROMPTED MANY QUESTIONS FROM PRC OFFICIALS

    Summary
    -------

    ¶1. (SBU) The Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
    Administration (NNSA), in conjunction with the China
    Institutes for Contemporary International Relations (CICIR),
    held an Olympic Radiation Security Workshop on February 28.
    DOE officers made two presentations titled: "The DOE's
    Emergency Response Capabilities and Support Provided at the
    2004 Olympics" and "Second Line of Defense Prevention and
    Preparedness Support to the 2004 Olympics and Possibilities
    for Supporting the 2008 Olympics".  Each presentation was
    followed by an extensive question and answer period where
    Chinese officials from many agencies peppered the DOE
    delegation with a wide range of questions, exposing the
    concerns of China's security apparatus and their
    understanding of how to provide security for a large
    international event.  NNSA Delegation Head Admiral Krol
    congratulated the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 29
    Olympiad Games (BOCOG) for its forward leaning approach to
    tackling Olympic Security issues, noting that in Greece this
    process began only one year before the opening of the Games.
    He also reiterated the USG's offer to send an assessment team
    to evaluate opportunities for security cooperation. End
    Summary.

    Security Needs Assessment Process
    ---------------------------------

    ¶2. (SBU) The Beijing Olympic Games Organizing Committee,
    Coordinating Office for Olympic Security Division Chief Zhang
    Jian was interested in the process for assessing a venue's
    vulnerabilities to nuclear or radiological attacks and how
    should responses to these types of emergencies be organized.
    Admiral Krol emphasized that China must determine its own
    nuclear oversight structure and the approach it takes to
    handling a crisis.  The DOE has a search capability to check
    venues before events and to monitor them during the events.
    In cooperation with Beijing's Olympic Committee, the DOE is
    ready to provide appropriate assistance.  Beijing must take
    into careful consideration how it will handle public
    perception of its ability to provide a safe and secure
    environment for the Games.  A prank phone call claiming that
    a radiological device has been set off inside a venue could
    be just as damaging to the Games as an actual attack if China
    cannot assuage public perceptions that venue security is weak.

    Timeline for Security Needs Assessment
    --------------------------------------

    ¶3. (SBU) Beijing People's Police College Vice President Zhang
    Wenping requested more details on the actual assistance
    programs DOE provided the Government of Greece (GOG) during
    the 2004 Olympics.  In particular, he wanted to know how far
    in advance DOE and the GOG began collaborating, what specific
    training DOE provided the Greek police and what was the Greek
    Government's feedback. Admiral Krol congratulated BOCOG for
    its forward-leaning approach to tackling Olympic Security
    issues, noting that in Greece this process began only one
    year before the opening of the Games.  He stressed that the
    host country must first request assistance and then a joint
    assessment of the threat situation will be created.

    ¶4. (SBU) During the Greek Olympics, joint assessments were
    conducted of the various venues as well as the hosting
    cities.  The FBI, DOD and local police worked together to
    draw up plans for various contingency situations.  Krol said
    that having an outside entity assess your security situation
    provides you with a different perspective and often can
    reveal previously overlooked risks.

    ¶5. (SBU) The United States is willing to provide a Foreign
    Emergency Support Team (FEST) tailored to China's needs
    should the PRC request such assistance through the U.S.
    Embassy in Beijing and after completing an initial joint
    assessment.  DOE Response and Exercise Program Manager Steven
    Buntman pointed out that during the 2004 Games, DOE provided
    the Greek police with radiological pagers, isotopes analysis
    and training of various protocols for interviewing
    individuals who set off radiological detectors.

    BEIJING 00005618  002 OF 006

    ¶6. (SBU) Beijing People's Police College Vice President Zheng
    Weiping asked what specific methods he should employ when
    planning exercises for his police team.  Mr. Buntman replied
    that DOE together with the State Department held a tabletop
    exercise in Athens with GOG agencies where the parties
    involved walked through responses to 20 emergency scenarios.
    The exercise exposed interagency command and cooperation
    issues.  Admiral Krol suggested that a similar exercise could
    be held in preparation for the 2008 Games.

    Guidelines For Conducting an Assessment
    ---------------------------------------

    ¶7. (SBU) Beijing People's Police College Vice President Zheng
    Weiping stated that China should cooperate with United States
    to ensure the safety of the Games.  To that end what kind of
    documents and what type of data does the United States need
    from China to make an assessment?  Admiral Krol responded
    that the assessment process should be completed together.
    Working together would provide the best information for both
    sides to identify vulnerabilities.  The assessment should
    address current responses to crisis situations, the overall
    response to the Beijing Olympics in terms of how many people,
    from how many different countries, will be attending as well
    as a review of all venues, transportation and services
    associated with the Games.

    Airport Security and Assessments
    --------------------------------

    ¶8. (SBU) Beijing Capital International Airport Public
    Security Director of the General Office Li Xuha was
    interested in how the United States provided assistance to
    monitor Greece's international airport.  Dr. Charles Massey
    responded that DOE conducted an assessment one year prior to
    the Olympic Games focusing on the flow of people, luggage and
    cargo.  Based on this assessment the two countries developed
    a system to screen all people and cargo moving through the
    airport.  The program was implemented well in advance of the
    Games to prevent terrorists from attempting to move
    radiological devices into Greece ahead of the Games.

    Securing Ground Transportation and Responding to Incidents
    --------------------------------------------- -------------

    ¶9. (SBU) Deputy Director of the Beijing Subway Command Center
    Wang Haiying requested information on how to best monitor the
    subway and local ground traffic.  He also wanted to know how
    to handle a suspected radiological device and whether or not
    he should cover it with a box or blanket until experts could
    assess the situation.  Wang went on to explain that he was
    not familiar with radiological devices and is concerned that
    calling in radiological specialists to inspect each
    suspicious item would disable the subway system.  Admiral
    Krol said the best way to handle a suspected radiological
    device is to put as much space as possible between it and
    people by closing the immediate area around the suspicious
    device.  In the United States, first responders such as the
    police and fire companies have basic equipment that can
    determine whether or not the suspect item is radioactive.
    Admiral Krol stated that the subway system and local
    transportation, particularly into the Olympic Village, should
    be monitored.  One way to do this is by setting up
    checkpoints were several roads or trains converge.

    Dirty Bombs and Special Teams
    -----------------------------

    ¶10. (SBU) Beijing Olympic Games Organizing Committee
    Coordinating Office for Olympic Security Division Chief Zhang
    Jian requested information on how to handle a dirty bomb and
    whether or not each specific type of radiological device
    needs a special dedicated team to handle it.  Admiral Krol
    said that DOE has not inactivated an actual dirty bomb but
    has conducted numerous exercises.  The United States has
    teams of specialists that include weapons designers and
    engineers that respond to all radiological events.

    Speed Requirements for Train Detectors
    --------------------------------------

    BEIJING 00005618  003 OF 006

    ¶11. (SBU) Zhang Jian wanted to know the maximum speed at
    which a radiological detector could effectively monitor a
    train.  He noted that train transportation is still the
    backbone of China's transportation infrastructure and could
    not handle long delays without interrupting services across
    the country.  Dr. Charles Massey replied that the slower the
    train passes through the detector the better and noted that
    eight km per hour is the optimal speed.  Detectors are
    usually placed along the rail lines in places where trains
    are starting or stopping so that the optimal speed is built
    into the system and does not impede normal train operations.

    Terrorist Radiological Attacks by Underwater Explosives
    --------------------------------------------- ----------

    ¶12. (SBU) China Institutes for Contemporary International
    Relations (CICIR) Assistant President Yang Mingjie wanted to
    know if the United States had the capability to detect
    radiological bombs attached to the bottom of ships and said
    that he believed that this was an easy scenario with high
    probability.  Dr. Robert York from the U.S. DOE Oak Ridge
    National Laboratory explained that four feet of water
    provides a shield for gamma particles and neutrons, making it
    impossible to detect a radiological device at that depth or
    deeper.  The water acts as a perfect shield.  Admiral Krol
    stated that swimmers or divers could be used to inspect
    suspect ships.

    Intranet Vice Internet
    ----------------------

    ¶13. (SBU) CICIR Assistant President Yang Mingjie wanted to
    know if Second Line of Defense detectors are linked together
    by using computers operating on the Internet, noting that
    this would make the system very vulnerable to hackers.  Dr.
    Charles Massey said the host government is responsible for
    how it sets up its network.  Most governments use intranets
    or resident systems.

    Managing Public Perception of a Crisis
    --------------------------------------

    ¶14. (SBU) CICIR President Yang Mingjie asked for best
    practices in managing the public's desire to know details
    about an incident.  Yang said that without an official
    government statement, the media tends to speculate and create
    panic surrounding a suspected event.  Yang wondered if the
    United States uses a national broadcast system to issue
    official statements regarding possible radiological events.
    Admiral Krol responded that the DOE is a "response"
    organization but before responding to public concerns careful
    analysis of the situation is conducted to alleviate public
    fears.

    Concerns Over Cost
    ------------------

    ¶15. (SBU) The Beijing Municipal Counter terrorism Office
    Division Chief Jin Yujie asked directly how much DOE provided
    radilogical equipment would cost and whether the DOE was
    willing to provide any equipment without charge.  Jin noted
    that recently Beijing has bcome concerned over the rapidly
    escalating costs of hosting the Games.  Admiral Krol said
    that Beijing has two options: DOE could provide comprehensive
    training and equipment but at a significant expense, or based
    on the joint assessment, DOE could provide basic training,
    planning and some equipment that would then be supported by a
    FEST. At no expense to China, a FEST would deploy
    highly-trained and experienced people as well as sensitive
    detection equipment for the duration of the Games.  The FEST
    members and the equipment would return to the United States
    upon the conclusion of the Games.  Furthermore, during the
    Greece Games, under the Second Line of Defense program the
    United States installed in several ports and border crossings
    radiological detection equipment and trained personnel how to
    use them at no charge to the GOG.

    First Line and Second Line of Defense
    -------------------------------------

    ¶16. (SBU) Beijing Municipal Counterterrorist Office Division

    BEIJING 00005618  004 OF 006

    Chief Jin Yujie requested an explanation of the different
    roles of the DOE's First Line of Defense and Second Line of
    Defense programs.  Dr. Charles Massey explained that the DOE
    provides assistance to countries that need help protecting
    their nuclear materials and weapons to prevent them from
    illegally crossing borders.  The Second Line of Defense is
    then used to monitor international borders throughout the
    world to prevent the illegal spread of radiological
    materials.  Currently there are thirty countries
    participating in the program.  The program concentrates on
    air, land and sea crossings.  The portals monitor the
    crossing points 24 hours a day and the host country responds
    to any suspect readings.

    Loopholes in Megaports
    ----------------------

    ¶17.  (SBU) CICIR researcher Xu Feibao assessed that the
    Megaports program is a passive prevention technique because
    it only targets large ports while leaving smaller or less
    traveled crossing points unscreened.  Dr. Charles Massey
    responded that DOE uses a prioritization methodology for
    determining which ports should participate in the Megaports
    program.  This includes analyzing maritime trade routes.  The
    goal is to take away convenient large routes that offer some
    protection for illegally transporting radiological materials
    because of the large volume to containers that pass through
    them.  This forces terrorists to use less obvious paths
    through smaller ports making it easier for intelligence and
    security services to detect.

    Effective Cooperation?
    ----------------------

    ¶18. (SBU) Mr. Zhang Jian was also interested in what was more
    effective and efficient at the Greece Games, bilateral
    cooperation or multilateral cooperation?  Admiral Krol
    responded that both types of cooperation are necessary.
    China must work with international organizations such as the
    IAEA while at the same time working with individual countries
    to guarantee the safety of their citizens, athletes and
    dignitaries.  During the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, the
    United States reached out to the IAEA and other countries for
    support.  China should look for assistance not because it
    needs it but because the world wants a successful event and
    all countries and international organizations have a stake in
    making sure the Games are safe.  Mr. Zhang raised the
    security brief the United States provides to its Olympic
    athletes and was interested in what role the DOE plays in
    composing the report.  DOE stated that it does not write the
    report or contribute directly to it.  The State Department
    authors this report based on all-source intelligence analysis.

    DOE and Intelligence Sharing
    ----------------------------

    ¶19. (SBU) CICIR Deputy Director Ouyang Liping noted that
    intelligence sharing can be very complicated between
    different agencies and governments and wondered how
    intelligence derived from the radiological screening process
    is shared.  Admiral Krol stated that once the detection
    equipment is installed it is turned over to the host
    government.  The host government has to decide how it will
    introduce the intelligence component into the screening
    program.  The equipment package is a confidence building
    measure that naturally leads to more intelligence sharing.
    Admiral Krol pointed out that after all we share the same
    goal, to stop the illegal transportation of nuclear material.

    Seminar Participants
    --------------------

    ¶20. (SBU) U.S. Participants:

    Head of Delegation
    Admiral Joseph Krol     Associate Administrator for Emergency
    Operations, National Nuclear Security Administration, DOE

    Dr. Charles Massey      Principal, Marsec Government Services
    LLC

    BEIJING 00005618  005 OF 006

    Daniel Hartnett   Second Line of Defense Program, National
    Nuclear Security Administration, DOE

    Steven Buntman    Response and Exercise Program Manager,
    National Nuclear Security Administration, DOE

    Rob York    Technical Working Lead Group, Oak Ridge National
    Laboratory, DOE

    Wendy Bashnan     Deputy Olympic Security Coordinator, U.S.
    Embassy Beijing

    Melissa J. Lan    Olympics Coordinator, U.S. Embassy Beijing

    Don Rogers              U.S. Embassy Beijing

    Brian C. Chang    Transportation Administration, U.S. Embassy
    Beijing

    Note taker
    Interpreters

    ¶21. (SBU) Chinese Participants:

    Institute of Strategic and Security Studies, CICIR
    Mr. Yang Mingjie        Assistant President
    Ms. Ouyang Liping       Deputy Director
    Ms. Gao Ying
    Mr. Sun Bo
    Mr. Xu Feibao

    Department of International Exchanges, CICIR

    Ms. Du Yanjun                 Director
    Mr. Liu Bo              Deputy Director

    Coordinating Office for Olympic Security, Beijing Olympic
    Games Organizing Committee

    Mr. Zhang Jian                Division Chief
    Mr. Liu Wei                   Deputy Division Chief
    Mr. Hu Xueshan                Deputy Division Chief
    Mr. Wang Guiqing        Deputy Division Chief
    Mr. Li Jianhua                Staff Member
    Mr. Zhao Haifei         Staff Member
    Mr. Cheng Yongwei       Staff Member
    Mr. Yuan Jinghui        Staff Member
    Mr. Han Dong                  Staff Member

    Public Security Bureau, Beijing Capital International Airport

    Mr. Li Xuhua                  Director of General Office
    Mr. Wang Ming                 Staff Member, General Office
    Mr. Jiang Huawei        Staff Member, General Office
    Mr. Wan Changming       Guardhouse
    Mr. Pan Jianqiang       Security Office

    China National Nuclear Industrial Group

    Mr. Duan Jiaqing        Department of Security

    Beijing People's Police College

    Mr. Zheng Weiping       Vice President

    Security Coordination Group for Sailing Competitions

    Mr. Ye Jianwen                Division Chief
    Mr. Teng Xuyou                Division Chief

    SWAT College of China People's Armed Police Forces
    Mr. Qin Yumin                 Editor, Special Police of China
    Mr. Chang Ping

    National Counterterrorism Office

    Ms. Jiang Liyun

    Beijing Municipal Counter-Terrorism Office

    Mr. Jin Yujie                 Division Chief

    BEIJING 00005618  006 OF 006

    Intelligence Center for Olympic Security, Beijing Olympic
    Games Organizing Committee

    Mr. Zhao Hongqing
    Mr. Zhang Hongtian
    Mr. Zang Xiangjun
    Mr. Zhang Shaoning
    Mr. Liang Zhiwei
    Ms. Liu Rufang

    Command Center of Beijing Subway

    Mr. Wang Haiying        Deputy Director
    RANDT

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