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### Viewing cable 05LIMA2250, OPPOSITION PARTY PROPOSALS AFFECTING PRESIDENT

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05LIMA2250 | 2005-05-19 18:56 | 2011-06-15 00:00 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Lima
Appears in these articles: http://elcomercio.pe

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 LIMA 002250

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 05/18/2015
    TAGS: PGOV PINS PREL PE
    SUBJECT: OPPOSITION PARTY PROPOSALS AFFECTING PRESIDENT
    TOLEDO'S TENURE IN OFFICE OF DOUBTFUL CONSTITUTIONALITY

    REF: A. LIMA 2241

         ¶B. LIMA 2222
         ¶C. LIMA 2054 AND PREVIOUS
         ¶D. 04 LIMA 2699
         ¶E. 04 LIMA 613

    Classified By: Political Counselor Alexander Margulies.  Reason:  1.4(b
    /d).

    ¶1.  (U)  SUMMARY:  Congress, on 5/19, is expected to debate
    at least three proposals to sanction President Alejandro
    Toledo for his alleged involvement in fraud in connection
    with the registration of his Peru Posible party for the 2000
    elections.  Most of the proposed sanctions are of doubtful
    constitutionality.  A proposal to vacate the Presidency,
    while within the Constitution's parameters, almost certainly
    lacks the two-thirds vote (81 legislators) required.  END
    SUMMARY.

    ¶2.  (U)  The final report of the congressional committee
    investigating allegations that President Alejandro Toledo and
    his Peru Posible party engaged in massive fraud to register
    the party for the 2000 elections ("Villanueva Committee")
    contained three separate recommendations from its three
    opposition members on proposed sanctions to be applied to
    Toledo (Ref C).  Committee Chairman Edgar Villanueva (Peru
    Ahora) urged that Congress vacate the presidency, Xavier
    Barron (Unidad Nacional) suggested that Toledo be prohibited
    from assuming public office for 10 years once his term ends
    on 7/28/06, and Victor Velarde (APRA) opined that the
    President should be suspended from office until criminal
    investigations/proceedings are concluded (which would last
    beyond the end of Toledo's term).

    ¶3.  (U)  Several Articles in the Peruvian Constitution
    address the impeachment of the President, the suspension of
    the President, vacating the Presidency, and disqualifying the
    President from holding office.

    --  Article 117 provides that the President, during his term
    of office, can only be accused for committing certain
    enumerated acts:  treason to the fatherland; impeding
    presidential, parliamentary, regional or municipal elections;
    dissolving Congress for reasons other than those listed
    elsewhere in the Constitution; and for impeding the meeting
    or functioning of the National Electoral Board and other
    electoral system organs.

    --  Article 113 provides that the President's office is
    vacated if the President dies; Congress declares his moral or
    physical incapacity; Congress accepts his resignation; if he
    leaves the country without Congress' approval or does not
    return within the period fixed by Congress; and if he is
    destituted after being sanctioned for one of the infractions
    listed in Article 117.

    --  Article 114 provides that the President can be suspended
    from office for temporary incapacity declared by Congress, or
    if he is being tried by the judiciary in conformance with
    Article 117.

    --  Article 99 provides that it corresponds to the Permanent
    Committee of Congress to accuse the President before the full
    Congress for violating the Constitution and for all crimes
    that he commits in the exercise of his functions and for five
    years after the end of his term.

    --  Article 100 provides that it corresponds to the full
    Congress (less the Permanent Committee) to suspend, dismiss,
    or disqualify from holding office for up to ten years  public
    officials.

    ¶4.  (U)  There has been no/no suggestion that Article 117
    applies to the current situation, as President Toledo is
    not/not accused of any of the activities enumerated in that
    Article.

    ¶5.  (C)  Article 113 applies to Congressman Villanueva's
    proposal that Congress vacate the Presidency, should a
    sufficient number of legislators conclude that Toledo's
    actions constitute "moral incapacity."  The Constitution,
    however, is silent with respect to the number of votes
    required for such a finding.  The Constitutional Tribunal has
    held that no less than a two-thirds vote is needed (the
    Constitution does state that this is the number required for
    vacating some lesser offices), and Congress passed a
    Legislative Resolution in June 2004 adopting this standard
    (Refs D-E).  Given the inadequacies of the Villanueva
    Committee's investigation and report (Ref C) and the GOP's
    42-member legislative bloc, it is highly unlikely that the
    opposition parties could amass the 81 votes necessary.  APRA
    legislative bloc leader Cesar Zumaeta acknowledged this to
    Polcouns on 5/16, and Unidad Nacional's Barron told the
    Ambassador on 5/18 that no more than 3-6 congressmen would
    vote in favor of a resolution to vacate the Presidency.

    ¶6.  (C)  Article 114 deals with suspension of the President
    for "temporary incapacity," a term that is not/not further
    defined by the Constitution.  Constitutional experts have
    generally opined that this applies to a temporary physical or
    mental disability, or to a situation in which the President
    has been captured by hostile forces.  APRA representatives
    who have spoken out in favor of applying Article 114 to
    Toledo, have not clearly detailed how the conduct Toledo
    allegedly engaged in can constitute "temporary incapacity."
    Zumaeta, for example, suggested that the uncertainty
    regarding Toledo's guilt pending a criminal investigation and
    trial could constitute a "temporary moral incapacity"
    sufficient to justify the President's suspension.  Most
    commentators, however, have rejected the idea of a
    "temporary" moral incapacity, holding that moral incapacity
    either exists permanently or not at all.

    ¶7.  (U)  Barron's proposal that Toledo be disqualified from
    office for ten years following the conclusion of his term
    does not/not appear to fall within the scope of Congress'
    powers under Articles 99 and 100.  Those articles provide
    that Congress' authority to disqualify a President from
    holding future office only extends to acts committed while
    the President was in office or for five years after the end
    of his term and Toledo is accused principally for acts
    committed before taking office.  Toledo could conceivably be
    accused of complicity in efforts by GOP and Peru Posible
    officials to obstruct justice by facilitating the temporary
    flight of a key witness (Ref C), but no/no evidence directly
    linking the President to the alleged acts has yet been
    presented.

    ¶8.  (U)  COMMENT:  The doubtful constitutionality of most of
    the sanctions being advanced by the opposition parties makes
    it likely that they will not/not obtain the necessary level
    of support to be approved by the full Congress on 5/19.
    Opposition leaders recognize this, but are prepared to go
    ahead with voting on the proposed sanctions to make political
    points (Ref A and Septel).  END COMMENT.
    STRUBLE

`