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### Viewing cable 04BRASILIA1756, LULA'S INTERNATIONAL HUNGER INITIATIVE BANKS ON

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04BRASILIA1756 | 2004-07-14 19:34 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Brasilia

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 BRASILIA 001756

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    TREASURY FOR OASIA - DAS LEE AND SSEGAL
    NSC FOR DEMPSEY AND DICARLO
    ROME FOR FODAG
    STATE FOR E - TOM SMITHAM
    STATE FOR EB/IFD/OMA - O'REILLY
    STATE FOR WHA/EPSC - URS

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: EFIN EAID SOCI PREL BR UN
    SUBJECT:  LULA'S INTERNATIONAL HUNGER INITIATIVE BANKS ON
    TAXATION OF INTERNATIONAL FLOWS

    REF: USUN 1593

    This cable is Sensitive But Unclassified, please protect
    accordingly.

    ¶1. (U) Summary:  Brazil, in coordination with France, Chile
    and Spain, is preparing for circulation this month a set of
    proposals for new mechanisms to finance international
    development, health and anti-hunger efforts, primarily
    through the UN agencies.  These proposals would be presented
    for discussion by heads of state at a meeting President Lula
    is calling on September 20, on the margins of the UN General
    Assembly.  The financing mechanisms under discussion focus
    largely, but not exclusively, on taxation by national
    authorities of international financial flows and arms sales.
    Proceeds would be forwarded to the UN development agencies.
    Other financing mechanisms floated include a carbon emission
    tax, the promotion of socially-responsible investment funds
    and reducing taxation of remittances.

    ¶2. (SBU) The Brazilian effort flows in large part from
    Lula's personal experience of hunger and poverty as a child,
    according to Maria Nazareth, the GoB point-person on the
    initiative.  Acknowledging that there are serious obstacles
    to implementing this sort of taxation, Nazareth claimed the
    GoB approach, and that of their partners, is pragmatic, more
    focused on increasing resources available for development
    efforts than on specific financing mechanisms.  The
    financing effort, according to Nazareth constitutes the
    third broad thrust of GoB international development efforts,
    along with efforts to reduce agricultural subsidies through
    the G-20 and Lula's effort to amend how the IMF accounts for
    certain investment expenditures.  End Summary.

    ¶3. (SBU) Emboff met July 13 with Maria Nazareth, of Foreign
    Minister Amorim's staff, who is spearheading President
    Lula's international anti-hunger initiative.  Nazareth
    explained that Lula's initiative, like his trademark
    domestic "Zero Hunger" program, grew out of his personal
    experience of hunger and poverty as a child in Brazil.  Lula
    recognizes, she said, that getting at the root causes of
    hunger implies a broad development agenda.  Shortly after
    his inauguration in January 2003, Lula attempted to launch
    at the Davos conference that year the idea of an
    international foundation to fight hunger and finance
    development.  But, after an extensive conversation with
    French President Chirac at the G-8 Evian conference in the
    summer of 2003, Lula realized that the problem was less an
    issue of an appropriate foundation but rather the lack of
    resources, particularly long-term financing, for the use of
    the various United Nations development, health and related
    agencies.  From this encounter, according to Nazareth, was
    born a joint Brazilian-French effort, which the governments
    of Chile and Spain later joined, to identify or create
    financing sources.

    ¶4.  (SBU) Lula and Chirac, Nazareth said, discussed during
    their Evian conversation a modified Tobin tax on
    international financial flows as one possible financing
    source.  The idea, Nazareth stressed, is not to replace
    Official Development Assistance (ODA), but rather to create
    mechanisms that help make up for the developed world's
    failure to meet the 0.7% of GDP ODA target.  Chirac
    reportedly created a study group, known as the "Landau
    group" to begin studying various forms of international
    taxation, she said.  In addition to a Tobin-style tax on
    international financial flows, a proposal for a tax on major
    weapon systems was also being advanced.  Some have discussed
    an international carbon emission tax, although Nazareth said
    the latter proposal had stirred up considerable doubts,
    since it would make development itself more expensive.

    ¶5.  (SBU) The Brazilian group that Nazareth heads is
    focusing in particular on a tax on international financial
    transactions and a separate one on arms sales.  Nazareth
    stressed that everyone involved in the discussions is
    cognizant that universal participation would be necessary
    for such taxes to work.  All it would take is one country
    outside the system for evasion to occur.  She acknowledged
    that this need for universality required pragmatism.  They
    had canvassed existing studies, she said, to find approaches
    that might be modified and made widely palatable.  The Tobin-
    style tax, for example, would be set at 0.01% of financial
    flows and not structured, as a true Tobin tax would be, to
    try to reduce financial market volatility.  The studies in
    question have suggested that a 0.01% tax on financial
    transactions would yield from $17 - $20 billion per year.  A
    tax on large weapons systems sales, notionally at a 5% rate,
    might yield a further $10 billion, although work on this
    proposal was less advanced than that on financial flows.
    Nazareth argued that the latter tax, to the extent it
    reduces weapons sales, might have positive externalities by
    reducing the threat that terrorists might gain access to
    advanced weaponry.

    ¶6.  (SBU) Elucidating on the legal basis for these taxation
    schemes, Nazareth said that the ideas floated to date do not
    call for international taxation administered by the UN.
    Rather, national authorities would collect these taxes and
    forward them for use by UN development and health agencies.
    Discussion of how this could be accomplished was ongoing,
    but the most logical approach seemed to be for an
    international convention that countries would sign and
    ratify.

    ¶7.  (SBU) Along with obligatory taxation, several
    "innovative" financing mechanisms are also under discussion,
    according to Nazareth.  These include the promotion of
    socially-responsible investment funds and making widespread
    the use of "incentive" credit cards, that donate a
    percentage of the transaction to a cause, in this case the
    UN development agencies.  These might be accompanied, she
    said, by two voluntary efforts to build political consensus
    to reduce taxation of immigrant labor remittances (after
    receipt in the worker's home country) and to reduce tax
    evasion by reducing the role of tax havens.  More
    controversially, a carbon tax had also been considered.  At
    a rate of $0.48/liter of gas, such a tax would raise $130
    billion world wide, Nazareth said.  She acknowledged that,
    by making energy more expensive, such a tax might make
    development itself more costly.

    ¶8.  (SBU) Looking ahead at next steps in the process,
    Nazareth said that representatives of the governments of
    Brazil, Chile, France and Spain would meet again July 28 in
    Paris.  They would then circulate for initial comment a set
    of papers that they hope would form the basis for discussion
    at the heads of state level in a meeting Lula has called for
    September 20, on the margins of the General Assembly.
    Nazareth emphasized that, from the GoB's point of view, the
    effort is designed to stimulate broad discussion and
    ultimately increase resources available for UN sponsored
    development efforts.  Nazareth said that the financing
    effort is the third broad thrust of GoB international
    development efforts, along with efforts to reduce
    agricultural subsidies through the G-20 and Lula's effort to
    amend how the IMF accounts for certain investment
    expenditures.

    ¶9.  (SBU) Comment:  The GoB's interest in this subject
    appears to be serious, not just rhetorical, hence Nazareth's
    repeated acknowledgement of the need to take a pragmatic
    approach.  The example of Lula's call for the IMF to change
    how it accounts for investment expenditures may be both
    instructive and predictive.  After initial public fanfare,
    in which Lula scored some PR points on the IMF issue, the
    technicians at the Finance Ministry sat down to try to map
    out an approach that would not spook the markets.  Their
    effort started from the clear recognition that accounting
    shifts won't solve Brazil's debt problem or fool the
    markets.  A senior finance ministry official assured Emboff
    recently that what Brazil is now aiming at is achieving
    political consensus, within the IMF and without, for greater
    investment in the expenditure mix while maintaining the same
    level of fiscal restraint.  This represents a substantial
    change from initial characterizations of the effort.  The
    key point, however, is that the GoB's intent has been in
    stimulating change, even if they do not get all their
    initial public rhetoric indicated they are seeking.

    DUDDY

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