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### Viewing cable 04BRASILIA913, BRAZIL AND U.S. HOLD FRANK, CONSTRUCTIVE TALKS ON

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04BRASILIA913 | 2004-04-15 17:27 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | CONFIDENTIAL//NOFORN | Embassy Brasilia

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

    151727Z Apr 04

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 BRASILIA 000913

    SIPDIS

    NOFORN

    SANTO DOMINGO FOR SECRETARY OF ENERGY ABRAHAM; RIO FOR
    JSCNEC DELEGATION MEMBER BURKART

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 04/14/2009
    TAGS: ENRG KNNP PREL KSCA BR NPT
    SUBJECT: BRAZIL AND U.S. HOLD FRANK, CONSTRUCTIVE TALKS ON
    NUCLEAR NON-NONPROLIFERATION ISSUES

    Classified By: Sci/C Daniel Rubinstein; Reasons 1.5 (B), (D).

    ¶1. (C/NF) SUMMARY: U.S.-Brazil policy discussions in the
    Joint Standing Committee for Nuclear Energy Cooperation were
    positive, non-confrontational, and useful to both sides.
    While Brazil did not express new policy positions on
    high-profile issues such as the Additional Protocol (AP) or
    the Resende enrichment facility safeguards in these talks,
    the Brazilian interaction with the USDEL strongly suggests
    that the GoB is feeling the need to respond to IAEA pressure
    regarding the Resende enrichment facility, and that the GoB
    is reviewing its position on the AP.  A/S Wolf emphasized
    that universal adherence to the AP is a keen interest of the
    U.S., and that while the USG is not pressuring the GoB, it is
    pressing the IAEA to strengthen the credibility of the
    safeguard system across the board.  END SUMMARY.

    ¶2. (U) The first U.S.-Brazil Joint Standing Committee on
    Nuclear Energy Cooperation (JSCNEC) opened April 14 in
    Brasilia.  The USDEL was led by A/S for Non-Proliferation
    John Wolf, and included representatives from State, DOE, the
    NRC, and three national laboratories.  The Brazilian side was
    led by the Foreign Ministry's Director for International
    Organizations (A/S-equivalent) Antonio Guerreiro and included
    Ambassador at Large for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation
    Sergio Duarte, representatives from the Foreign and S&T
    Ministries, and the National Nuclear Energy Commission
    (CNEN).  Technical-level discussions on safeguards, nuclear
    security and safety, and technical cooperation will occur in
    Rio de Janeiro April 15-16.  Septel will cover A/S Wolf's
    April 13-14 meetings with Guerreiro, Duarte, and Defense
    Minister Viegas.

    ¶3. (C/NF) After a brief look back at U.S.-Brazilian nuclear
    ties, A/S Wolf reviewed the key elements of the President's
    February National Defense University address, as well as
    global developments and abuse of the Nuclear
    Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) that led to this new policy
    direction.  Wolf urged that Brazil show leadership on
    non-proliferation and that there be no distance between
    Brazil and the U.S. on the non-proliferation front.
    Emphasizing the centrality of the AP to U.S. efforts, Wolf
    highlighted the recent advice and consent of the U.S. Senate
    to the AP and encouraged Brazil to consider signing the AP as
    well.  Wolf noted that the Resende enrichment facility
    safeguards issue is one to be settled by the GoB with the
    IAEA, not with the U.S.  The USG is, however, pressing the
    IAEA to strengthen the NPT safeguards system across the
    board.  IAEA Director General El-Baradei has spoken of the
    need to "close the loopholes," and the U.S. fully agrees.
    The USG will continue to work hard to prevent the spread of
    proliferation-sensitive fuel cycle technologies.  The U.S. is
    comfortable with the IAEA's commitment to preserve the
    confidentiality of sensitive technologies, and Brazil needs

    SIPDIS
    to work with the IAEA to reach a similar comfort level.  Wolf
    urged the GoB to accelerate discussions with the IAEA
    regarding the Resende facility.

    ¶4. (C/NF) In response, Brazilian Delegation Head Guerreiro
    reiterated long-standing GoB points on the need for the
    disarmament leg of the NPT to receive equal attention and for
    universal adherence to the NPT to precede the
    universalization of the AP.  On Resende, Guerreiro said the
    GoB has "complete confidence" that it will reach agreement
    with the IAEA about a safeguards regime; since the facility
    is not yet operational, it is not yet time for it to be
    safeguarded.  Guerreiro explicitly acknowledged that it is
    the IAEA, not the USG, that is pressuring the GoB on the
    Resende issue.

    ¶5. (SBU) After the USDEL presentation on the USG's own AP
    implementation plans in the afternoon session, the Brazilians
    queried the USDEL in detail on several fronts, including our
    interpretation and use of the national security exclusion,
    our understanding of the measures that can be used under the
    "managed access" regime, and our preliminary estimates of the
    costs associated with compliance with the AP.  The exchanges
    were substantive, candid, and constructive.  USDEL suggested
    that Brazil consider the creation of an Action Sheet activity
    within the bilateral U.S.-Brazil safeguards sphere to expand
    on these questions and themes, as well as the possible
    provision of an intern to assist working through these
    issues.  The Brazilian delegation took the suggestions on
    board.

    ¶6. (SBU) Beyond the AP and Resende issues, the delegations
    made presentations and discussed respective views on the next
    NPT Review Conference, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the
    Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty, the Convention for the
    Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials, and the Nuclear
    Suppliers Group.  The delegations also briefed on each
    country's respective nuclear programs and policies, as well
    as issues regarding the transport of nuclear materials.
    Brazil reviewed the triangular (IAEA, ABACC, and CNEN) system
    of safeguards in place at Brazilian nuclear facilities, and
    answered USDEL questions regarding the extent of IAEA-ABACC
    cooperation.  USDEL in turn described the safeguards system
    in place at U.S nuclear facilities.

    ¶7. (C/NF) Given the extensive coverage of specific regional
    non-proliferation concerns during A/S Wolf's 4/13 meetings
    with GoB officials, the theme was lightly revisited during
    the JSCNEC.  The Brazilian delegation, however, sought U.S.
    views regarding Iran, with particular emphasis on the degree
    to which Iran's statement that it is implementing its AP
    affects USG concerns.  A/S Wolf reiterated that the U.S has
    seen no Iranian statement or action that mitigates these
    concerns, and that we are convinced of the Iranian strategic
    decision to pursue nuclear weapons capabilities.  COMMENT: It
    is clear the Brazilian and U.S perspectives on Iranian
    nuclear intentions remain divergent.  END COMMENT.

    ¶8. (C/NF) COMMENT (cont.): A/S Wolf's meetings with key GoB
    non-proliferation figures (septel) before the JSCNEC provided
    an opportunity to clear the air and remove any sting
    emanating from the recent media controversy on Brazilian
    nuclear intentions kicked off by an April 4 Washington Post
    article about the Resende facility.  While the Brazilians did
    stick to long-standing policy positions on many issues, their
    willingness to state categorically and on the record that
    there will be an agreement between the GoB and the IAEA
    regarding the Resende enrichment facility before it commences
    operations shows that IAEA pressure on the GoB is working.
    Similarly, the Brazilians' intense focus during the JSCNEC on
    the USG's own implementation plans regarding the Additional
    Protocol is likely an indication that the GoB is carefully
    reviewing its own approach to the issue.

    HRINAK

`