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### Viewing cable 07PHNOMPENH350, 2007 TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT FOR CAMBODIA

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
07PHNOMPENH350 | 2007-03-05 01:15 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Phnom Penh

`

    VZCZCXRO4581
    OO RUEHCHI RUEHDT RUEHHM RUEHNH
    DE RUEHPF #0350/01 0640115
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    O 050115Z MAR 07
    FM AMEMBASSY PHNOM PENH
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 8106
    INFO RUCNASE/ASEAN MEMBER COLLECTIVE
    RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHINGTON DC
    RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC 0648
    RHMFIUU/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHINGTON DC
    RUEAHLC/HOMELAND SECURITY CENTER WASHINGTON DC 0013

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 07 PHNOM PENH 000350

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, IWI, EAP/RSP, EAP/MLS
    STATE PLEASE PASS TO USAID/ANE

    SENSITIVE
    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958:  N/A
    TAGS: PHUM PREF ELAB SMIG KCRM KWMN KFRD ASEC CB
    SUBJECT: 2007 TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT FOR CAMBODIA

    REFTEL: STATE 202745

    ¶1.  (U) The following is Embassy Phnom Penh's contribution towards
    the preparation of the 2007 Trafficking in Persons Report for
    Cambodia, covering the period March 2006 - March 2007.  Responses
    follow the questions outlined in reftel.  The entire report is
    classified sensitive but unclassified (SBU).

    Overview of the Country's Activities, Statistics
    --------------------------------------------- ---

    1A.  (SBU) Is the country a country of origin, transit or
    destination for international trafficked men, women, or children?
    Provide, where possible, numbers or estimates for each group; how
    they were trafficked, to where and for what purposes.  Does the
    trafficking occur within the country's borders?  Does it occur
    within territory outside of the government's control (e.g. in a
    civil war situation)?  Are any estimates or reliable numbers
    available as to the extent or magnitude of the problem?  What is
    (are) the source(s) of available information on trafficking in
    persons or what plans are in place (if any) to undertake
    documentation of trafficking?  How reliable are the numbers and
    these sources?  Are certain groups of persons more at risk of being
    trafficked (e.g. women and children, boys versus girls, certain
    ethnic groups, refugees, etc.)?

    Cambodia is a source, destination, and transit country for
    trafficking in persons, including men, women and children.  The
    majority of Cambodian trafficking victims are trafficked for labor
    purposes, due to Cambodia's relative poverty and poor economic
    conditions compared with its immediate neighbors; Cambodian women
    and girls are also trafficked for sexual exploitation.  Cambodians
    are trafficked primarily within the Mekong sub-region, particularly
    to Thailand and Malaysia.  Trafficking also occurs within Cambodia's
    borders, from rural areas to Phnom Penh and other secondary cities
    within the country.

    In Cambodia, commercial sex work goes on in guesthouses, karaoke
    clubs, massage shops, beer gardens, restaurants and nightclubs that
    provide direct and indirect sex workers.  Barbershops, noodle shops,
    and other commercial establishments may also function as venues for
    commercial sex operations either on the premises or "on delivery"
    for clients.  Both TIP victims and voluntary sex workers are
    intermingled at such venues.  Many ethnic Vietnamese sex workers in
    voluntary sex work are or were originally trafficked to Cambodia
    through debt bondage.  Debt bondage is also a factor in the
    recruitment of Cambodian trafficking victims, who are convinced that
    they are accepting legitimate restaurant, factory, or other work
    opportunities in Phnom Penh or other cities and then forced into sex
    work.

    There are no firm estimates or reliable numbers available as to the
    extent or magnitude of the overall trafficking problem.  Two surveys
    have attempted to measure the commercial sex industry in the
    country:  a 1997 report by the Commission on Human Rights and a 2003
    study by a former Fulbright researcher, Thomas Steinfatt.  The 1997
    Commission on Human Rights for the National Assembly included a
    country-wide survey of brothels, and estimated that there were
    14,725 brothel workers in Cambodia (ignoring other venues) and that
    81 percent of workers were Cambodian and 18 percent Vietnamese.  The
    study did not attempt to differentiate between voluntary sex workers
    and trafficking victims.

    Steinfatt's 2003 statistical study on the number of prostitutes and
    sex trafficking victims in Cambodia estimated 18,256 sex workers
    (all venues) in Cambodia, of which 65.6 percent were Cambodian and
    32.8 percent Vietnamese.  The Steinfatt study estimated that there
    were 2,000 sex trafficking victims in Cambodia, with 80.4 percent of
    the sex trafficking victims being ethnic Vietnamese.  Steinfatt's
    trafficking estimates have been disputed by some who believe the
    actual victim numbers to be higher, although no separate data exist
    that accurately quantify sex trafficking victims.

    Limited trafficking statistics are available from RGC border
    authorities involved in the repatriation of Cambodians from
    neighboring countries.  Cambodian authorities, in cooperation with
    international organizations such as UNICEF and IOM, try to
    distinguish between illegal migrants and trafficking victims,
    particularly children, and have some statistical information.
    Within Cambodia, NGOs that provide services to victims referred by
    police, judicial, and social service officials often are another
    source of limited statistical information based on their respective
    operations.

    In 2006, the NGO Cambodian Women's Crisis Center (CWCC) assisted 146

    PHNOM PENH 00000350  002 OF 007

    victims of trafficking, 67 of whom were victims of cross border
    trafficking.  The NGO AFESIP assisted 67 victims of trafficking
    among the 310 residents admitted to its shelters during the year.
    During the 11-month period between March 2006 and January 2007, the
    Ministry of Interior reported the arrests of 44 offenders for
    domestic trafficking and 21 for cross-border trafficking, and the
    rescues of 69 and 51 victims of cross-border and domestic
    trafficking, respectively.  The Ministry of Social Affairs reported
    the total number of victims of trafficking during the same period to
    be 360, of whom 171 were victims of domestic trafficking and 189 of
    cross-border trafficking.  Of the 360 total, 177 victims were
    trafficked for sexual exploitation, and 183 for labor purposes.
    During 2006, IOM identified 131 victims of trafficking, out of 757
    Cambodian returnees from Vietnam, and 252 victims of trafficking,
    mostly children, from Thailand.

    There are no studies that suggest minority groups are more
    susceptible to trafficking.  Some provinces, by virtue of their
    proximity to neighboring Thailand or Vietnam, are also source areas
    for trafficking victims.  In a 2004 survey, PACT-Cambodia found a
    correlation between residential origins of trafficking victims and
    communities along major highways.

    Thailand is the major destination country for trafficked Cambodians,
    but there are no reliable numbers on how many persons are trafficked
    to Thailand each year.  Cambodian men are trafficked to work in the
    Thai fish, construction and agricultural industries; women and young
    girls are trafficked for factory and domestic work, but are also
    subject to sexual exploitation in the Thai commercial sex industry.

    Children are not prevented from crossing the Thai border with
    strangers or alone, and Cambodians can buy a border pass to cross
    the border without needing to show any identification.
    Poipet/Aranyaprathet is the primary Cambodia-Thai border post.
    Children mainly from Banteay Meanchey and Battambang provinces in
    Cambodia's northwestern region continue to be trafficked to Thailand
    to beg, sell candy or flowers, and shine shoes.  IOM and UNICEF have
    contact with nearly all children repatriated from Thailand at the
    Poipet border crossing, and select out the trafficking victims for
    special care through IOM's Poipet Transit Center, which is staffed
    jointly by IOM and Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth
    (MOSAVY) staff.  According to UNICEF, in 2006 there were 198
    unaccompanied children deported from Thailand to Cambodia, some of
    whom were trafficking victims.  According to IOM/MOSAVY, Thai
    authorities repatriated 86 women and children who were identified as
    TIP victims and deported another 165 alleged TIP victims during
    ¶2005.

    Cambodian women continue to be trafficked via
    Thailand to Malaysia for commercial sexual exploitation, and others
    are trafficked directly to Malaysia for exploitation as agricultural
    laborers, domestic help, and sex workers.

    According to IOM's 2006 statistics, children in two districts of
    Svay Rieng Province continue to be trafficked to Ho Chi Minh City in
    Vietnam for begging.  Cambodian traffickers contract with the
    children's parents, with monthly payments ranging from 100,000 riels
    (USD 25) to 150,000 riels (USD 37) per child.  IOM explained that
    Cambodian facilitators take three to four children at a time across
    the porous, unmonitored border to Vietnam.  A single trafficker may
    coordinate several facilitators.  Border controls are minimal and
    the children cross to Vietnam freely, according to IOM.  Cambodian
    traffickers personally supervise the children in Vietnam, and
    reportedly have few problems with police raids.  According to
    MOSAVY, 757 people -- mostly child beggars - were returned by
    Vietnamese authorities and reintegrated in 2006.

    Vietnamese women and children, many in debt bondage, continue to be
    trafficked from Ang Giang, Contho, Soc Tzeug and other provinces in
    Vietnam to Cambodia for commercial sex work primarily in Phnom Penh.
     Information from AFESIP, CWCC, and UNICEF indicates that Vietnamese
    women and girls are trafficked through Cambodia by organized
    Vietnamese criminal gangs to onward destinations in Thailand and
    Malaysia.

    During the summer of 2006, Chinese women in debt bondage were
    discovered engaging in commercial sex work in Cambodia.  Many of
    these women are working to repay debt incurred in their home
    country.

    A moratorium since 2002 on international adoption by some western
    countries, including the United States, has largely curbed reports
    of trafficking of infants for foreign adoption.  Concerns
    surrounding this type of trafficking led the RGC to redraft the

    PHNOM PENH 00000350  003 OF 007

    country's adoption legislation, and a new law is currently being
    developed which has recently been reviewed by the Council of
    Ministers and returned to MOSAVY.  The Cambodian government is
    working with international organizations and other donors to ensure
    that international adoptions are conducted properly in the future to
    diminish the trafficking of infants for profit.

    Changes in Trafficking Patterns; Political Will
    --------------------------------------------- --

    1B.  Please provide a general overview of the trafficking situation
    in the country and any changes since the last TIP report (e.g.
    changes in direction).  Also briefly explain the political will to
    address trafficking in persons.  Other items to address may include:
     What kind of conditions are the victims trafficked into?  Which
    populations are targeted by the traffickers?  Who are the
    traffickers? What methods are used to approach victims? (Are they
    offered lucrative jobs, sold by their families, approached by
    friends of friends, etc.?)  What methods are used to move the
    victims (e.g., are false documents being used?)

    Cambodia has made important strides in combating trafficking over
    the past years.  The Ministry of Interior has implemented a national
    anti-TIP plan.  The RGC is moving ahead with drafting a modern
    anti-trafficking law and has concluded MOUs on combating trafficking
    with its two biggest neighbors.  In 2005, the Cambodian National
    Police botched a raid, compensated with a successful raid and then
    jailing of four individuals associated with the Chhay Hour II hotel.
     In fall of 2006, the hotel reopened under a new name after the
    owner and manager were released by the Appeals Court.  In 2007,
    Cambodian authorities raided the hotel for the third time, detaining
    four suspects, including the two original detainees.  Additionally,
    the Prime Minister publicly criticized the Appeals Court and
    demanded an investigation into the court's decision.

    The Cambodian government at its most senior levels supports greater
    emphasis on the fight against trafficking in persons.  Prime
    Minister Hun Sen has spoken out on numerous occasions against
    trafficking.  On March 5, 2006, he called for more concerted action
    from the government and NGOs to fight human trafficking, and warned
    against Cambodia being labeled as a sex tourism destination.  While
    senior officials recognize that measures undertaken to date are
    insufficient to stem TIP within and out of Cambodia, the RGC
    recognizes that the problem must be addressed comprehensively and in
    accordance with internationally recognized norms regarding
    prosecution of traffickers, protection of victims, and public
    awareness campaigns and other programs to prevent people from
    falling victim to TIP.  The RGC also recognizes that the problem is
    a regional one, and involves the cooperation of neighboring
    countries.  The RGC has cooperated with U.S.-supported and other
    NGOs operating in Cambodia on TIP.

    On February 6, 2007, the Cambodian government, represented by five
    concerned ministries, signed an agreement on the guidelines for
    implementation and cooperation between relevant government
    institutions and victims support agencies in cases of human
    trafficking.  This agreement defines the roles and responsibilities
    of agencies working with trafficking, and marks a positive
    development in inter-ministerial cooperation.

    The lack of statistical data impedes attempts to characterize
    changes in the trafficking climate from one year to the next.  As
    long as the economies of Cambodia's neighbors continue to expand,
    Cambodian labor remains cheap and jobs inside the country are scare,
    Cambodians will continue to migrate out for labor purposes.  It is
    the belief of some NGOs that cross-border trafficking in both
    directions across the Cambodia-Vietnam border has decreased in 2006;
    such a conclusion can be reached by noting IOM's decrease in the
    number of returnees from Vietnam as well as fewer Vietnamese victims
    in shelters in Cambodia (Note: details provided below.); increased
    economic opportunity in the border region along with increased NGO
    efforts to combat trafficking could be responsible for this
    reduction.  However, whether trafficking within Cambodia has
    decreased cannot be ascertained.  NGOs and observers note that
    trafficking activity in the beach town of Sihanoukville is growing;
    increased tourism and weak police and judicial authorities are two
    reasons; one notable international NGO called cooperation with
    government authorities in Sihanoukville the worst in Cambodia.

    CWCC claims its 2006 statistics indicate a decline in human
    trafficking.  In 2006, the NGO received only 117 cases, compared to
    191 in 2005 and 282 in 2004.  The director opined that legal labor
    migration to Thailand and Malaysia has contributed to the decrease
    in trafficking.

    PHNOM PENH 00000350  004 OF 007

    AFESIP's statistics also revealed that the number of trafficking
    victims has slightly decreased, from 92 in 2005 to 67 in 2006.  The
    number of traffickers arrested also decreased from 27 to 21.  The
    NGO noted that the number of trafficking victims from Vietnam
    decreased from 127 in 2005 to 63 in 2006.

    IOM reported a similar downward trend for trafficking to Vietnam.
    In 2006, there were 131 victims, compared to 100 victims for the
    last six months of 2005.  The number of returnees from Vietnam in
    general is also decreasing, 757 in 2006, compared to 1,121 in 2005.

    The notorious Svay Pak brothel area that was closed after an
    extended 2004 crackdown by Anti-TIP police and IJM, is reported to
    be in operation again, although in a more concealed manner.  At
    present, no additional information is available about the Svay Pak
    area.  A study conducted in 2005 by AidTous and the Coalition to
    Address Sexual Exploitation of Children in Cambodia (COSECAM) to
    revaluate the impact of closing Svay Pak on children found that the
    closure did not stop the commercial sexual exploitation of children.
     Many of these children were scattered to other brothels in Phnom
    Penh, Siem Reap and Sihanoukville, and are living in worse
    conditions in underground operations.

    There continued to be incidents of Cambodian men and women
    being trafficked to Malaysia via Thailand and scattered reports of
    individuals trafficked to farther destinations.  In 2006, as in
    previous years, there were also reports of Cambodian women going to
    work in Malaysia through legal channels, but ending up in
    exploitative situations.  The Ministry of Women's Affairs (MOWA)
    continues to have serious concerns about the protection of Cambodian
    women working in domestic positions in Malaysia and the potential
    for abuse or coercion and trafficking into the sex industry.  The
    MOWA has advocated the establishment of a follow-up mechanism to
    ensure the well-being of domestic workers after arrival in Malaysia.

    In 2004, UNICEF indicated the beginnings of a change in TIP
    patterns, with evidence suggesting a rising number (if not yet
    significant compared to the main routes) of trafficking
    cases to Hong Kong and Taiwan.  Recently, there were reports of
    Cambodian women who went to Taiwan through marriage but are now left
    in legal limbo for political and diplomatic reasons.  It is reported
    that there are about 5,000 Cambodians in Taiwan, some of whom were
    trafficked for sexual exploitation.  The Kamrieng border crossing
    point in Battambang (connecting to Trat in Thailand) has became
    another trafficking/smuggling route in recent years.

    Research conducted by Friends International and UNIAP on child
    begging issues in Thailand found that the majority of Cambodian
    child beggars traveled to Bangkok with their mothers or other family
    members and that most beggars had a degree of control over their
    day-to-day lives.  In contrast to previous assumptions, the research
    found that the majority of Cambodian child beggars in Bangkok did
    not experience abusive practices or trafficking.  The issue is more
    related to migration of vulnerable migrants rather than trafficking.
     However, the research found that almost 20% of children questioned
    came with a facilitator or non-blood relative.  Most of the children
    who came with their mother said they were happy with the situation,
    while half of those who came with a facilitator said they were
    unhappy.

    Due to poverty, lack of jobs, family problems and unequal access to
    educational opportunities, women and children, especially those in
    rural areas where 80 percent of the population resides, are the most
    vulnerable segment of society to sex trafficking.  These victims are
    particularly susceptible to the lure of employment, often via the
    intercession of relatives, friends, or unknown persons, to pay off
    personal or family debts incurred by factors such as drought or the
    serious illness of a family member.  NGOs have identified certain
    risk factors that increase the probability of a girl being lured
    into prostitution:  an older sister, relative, or friend already
    involved in the commercial sex industry; the parents of the girl
    have divorced or separated; one or both of the parents are dead and
    the girl is living with relatives or friends; one or both parents
    are drug addicts, alcoholics, or gamblers; the family is desperately
    poor; the girl has little or no education; and the girl is of the
    appropriate age for the sex industry.  NGOs report that domestic
    violence and rape are often precursors to trafficking, as girls who
    are raped are culturally stigmatized and left with little hope of
    having a normal life.

    Traffickers of Cambodian women and children for sex can be
    known or distant acquaintances who promise work in Phnom
    Penh, or relatives, boyfriends or husbands that take the
    women or underage girls and sell them to a brothel.

    PHNOM PENH 00000350  005 OF 007

    Asian men are often prepared to pay a premium to have sex with
    virgins, with one NGO reporting that clients will pay as much as USD
    1,000 for three days with a virgin.  In one study, AideTous found
    that 55 percent of interviewed prostitutes had sex for the first
    time with a foreign client, and two-thirds were between the ages of
    13-18 when they lost their virginity to a client.

    When Cambodians are moved abroad, they often are brought through the
    porous borders with Thailand or Vietnam without documentation.  Some
    women are reportedly trafficked to Thailand for sex by boat from the
    Cambodian province of Koh Kong.  In cases of human trafficking to
    Malaysia, women are reportedly entering the country with valid
    Cambodian passports, with allegations of complicity on the part of
    Thai and Malay border and immigration officials.    Attempts to
    lobby Malaysia to grant legal rights to foreign domestic workers
    have been unsuccessful, although the Ministry of Women's Affairs
    continues discussions with its counterpart in Malaysia on this
    issue.

    When victims are trafficked out of Cambodia, NGOs claim that
    trafficking networks are involved.  The Vietnamese, Thai and
    Chinese-Malays are alleged to have regional networks that traffic
    drugs, guns, women and children to regional markets such as Thailand
    and Malaysia.

    Government Resource Limitations, Corruption
    -------------------------------------------

    1C.  What are the limitations of the government's ability to address
    this problem in practice?  For example, is funding for police or
    other institutions inadequate?  Is overall corruption a problem?
    Does the government lack the resources to aid victims?

    The Cambodian government is severely limited in its ability
    to effectively combat trafficking.  In general, Cambodian government
    institutions remain very weak as a result of 25 years of civil war
    and genocide.  The lack of resources is acute; training and funding
    for law enforcement and courts are wholly inadequate; corruption is
    a major problem; and the overall level of human resources - trained
    and competent people - is still greatly affected by the legacy of
    decades of civil war.  Government resources for victim assistance
    are virtually non-existent and must be augmented by assistance from
    international organizations and foreign and domestic NGOs.  The
    government has also been slow in defining custody issues pertaining
    to victims and witnesses taken from brothels, as well as the legal
    authority of NGOs in the process.  In February 2007, the five
    responsible government ministries signed an agreement with NGOs
    providing victims assistance that established guidelines for
    cooperation on these issues.

    Observers agree that law enforcement and judicial prosecution
    represent government weaknesses in anti-trafficking efforts.  While
    some NGOs report good cooperation with government authorities on TIP
    cases in Phnom Penh, there are complaints regarding police officials
    at the provincial levels.  In September 2006, an American citizen
    charged with pedophilia was released on bail from jail in
    Sihanoukville under questionable circumstances.

    Donor countries have continued to press the government on
    anti-corruption efforts and the passage of an anti-corruption law
    that is consistent with international standards.  The draft law
    remains inadequate and the government has missed multiple deadlines
    for implementation.  Donors have also pushed for the establishment
    of an independent anti-corruption commission.  On August 26, 2006,
    the government established an Anti-Corruption Body to combat
    corruption but it remains largely inactive.

    The Supreme Council of Magistracy has the power to
    appoint and remove judges, but does not use this power
    except in rare situations, and there is evidence that disciplinary
    actions are often politically motivated.  The SCM also does not have
    investigative resources to respond to allegations of corruption.
    The MOJ rotates judicial personnel every four years in the hope that
    the movements will lessen opportunities for corruption.

    Government anti-TIP Monitoring Efforts
    --------------------------------------

    1D.  To what extent does the government systematically monitor its
    anti-trafficking efforts (on all fronts - prosecution, prevention
    and victim protection) and periodically make available, publicly or
    privately and directly or through regional/international
    organizations, its assessments of these anti-trafficking efforts?

    PHNOM PENH 00000350  006 OF 007

    The Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans, and Youth
    Rehabilitation (MOSAVY) has a database to keep track of repatriated
    victims and the Ministry of Interior has a database to track police
    intelligence, investigations, and arrests of sex crime offenders.
    The Ministry of Justice, with assistance from Asia Regional
    Cooperation to Prevent People Trafficking (ARCPPT), started
    collecting information in late 2004 for a database of trafficking
    court cases, which was expected to be available in late 2005.  The
    database is still not operational in 2007, and UNICEF has taken over
    the project.  Information included in all of these databases is
    often not public and is not consolidated in one location.  The
    Cambodian National Council for Children (CNCC) under MOSAVY plans a
    consolidated database to include secondary data from other
    government databases as well as NGOs.  CNCC is in the process of
    developing this database, but a timeline for its operation is not
    yet available.  At present, the Cambodian government does not issue
    assessments of its efforts to combat human trafficking.

    Government Acknowledgment of TIP
    --------------------------------

    2A. Does the government acknowledge that trafficking is a problem in
    that country?  If not, why not?

    The Cambodian government openly acknowledges that trafficking is a
    serious problem, particularly the sex trade involving women and
    children.  As noted earlier, the Prime Minister in March 2006 spoke
    out against TIP and called for greater government efforts to combat
    the problem.

    In December 2006 at the launch of a new U.S.-funded Asia Foundation
    counter trafficking initiative, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister
    of Interior Sar Kheng committed the government to working with civil
    society to combating TIP.

    In February 2007, the Prime Minister urged the Supreme Council of
    the Magistrate to investigate the Appeals Court decision that
    released the people convicted of trafficking at Chhay Hour II.  He
    also urged the Ministry of Justice to review the penal code and the
    draft anti-TIP law to ensure that penalties for human trafficking
    were severe enough for the heinous nature of the crime.  In
    addition, he also urged the government to work to ensure that the
    rights of Cambodians working in foreign countries be respected.

    Government Agency Involvement in anti-TIP Efforts
    --------------------------------------------- ----

    2B. Which government agencies are involved in anti-trafficking
    efforts and which agency, if any, has the lead?

    Several ministries and agencies in the Cambodian government have
    responsibility for combating trafficking in persons, including:  the
    Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans, and Youth Rehabilitation; the
    Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training, the Ministry of Interior
    (which oversees the National Police); the Ministry of Women's
    Affairs; the Ministry of Justice; the Ministry of Tourism; the
    Ministry of Information; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
    International Cooperation; and the inter-ministerial Cambodian
    National Council for Children, which has a Sub-Commission on
    Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Children.  Since the summer
    of 2006, the Ministry of Women's Affairs is the lead ministry on
    human trafficking issues.

    Government-run anti-TIP Information/Education Campaigns
    --------------------------------------------- ----------

    2C. Are there or have there been government-run anti-trafficking
    information or education campaigns?  If so,
    briefly describe the campaign(s), including their objectives and
    effectiveness.  Do these campaigns target potential trafficking
    victims and/or the demand for trafficking (e.g. "clients" of
    prostitutes or beneficiaries of forced labor).

    Working with NGOs, the Cambodian government implemented a national
    campaign to raise public awareness regarding the dangers of human
    trafficking through posters, television and radio campaigns, and the
    use of traditional Cambodian theater.  The Ministry of Women's
    Affairs, with USAID funding and assistance from International
    Organization (IOM) for Migration, conducted a nationwide information
    campaign to increase awareness about trafficking.  IOM's impact
    assessment report showed that the campaign has made its way to the
    people -- people understand more about trafficking and know what to
    do when the problem arises.   The project ended in September 2006,
    but the Ministry continues to fund its radio campaign focused on
    women's empowerment and raising awareness of trafficking.

    PHNOM PENH 00000350  007 OF 007

    The Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans, and Youth
    Rehabilitation continued to work closely with UNICEF and local NGOs
    to set up community-based networks aimed at conducting early
    intervention programs in Prey Veng and Svay Rieng provinces.
    Community volunteers are recruited to help identify children at risk
    and bring their cases to the commune level for local protection.
    More difficult cases are forwarded to the district level.

    The Ministry of Interior's anti-TIP police continued to conduct its
    education campaigns to school children about the risks of
    trafficking and their rights under the law.  During 2006, the police
    conducted 126 information campaigns for approximately 20,000
    students in Siem Reap and 15 campaigns for more than 3000 students
    in Phnom Penh.

    The Ministry of Tourism (MOT), in collaboration with World Vision,
    has produced pamphlets and advertisements for tourist brochures and
    maps that warn tourists of the penalties for engaging in child sex.
    The MOT also provided workshops to hospitality industry owners and
    staff on how to identify and intervene in cases of trafficking or
    sexual exploitation of children.  Some of the more active
    organizations involved in general public awareness campaigns
    regarding trafficking have been UNICEF, IOM, and the Women's Media
    Center.  The Ministry of Tourism also supported the Child Program
    which builds a network of people to protect children at risk of
    trafficking and sexual abuse in the main tourist centers of Phnom
    Penh, Sihanoukville, and Siem Riep.

    CWCC ran television spots targeting the demand side of trafficking
    by addressing male behavior toward prostitutes and educating male
    clients to respect the rights of beer promotion girls.  UNICEF also
    funded television spots educating the public about the danger of
    trafficking and associated penalties.

    CAMPBELL

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