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### Viewing cable 06BRASILIA596, LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES DISCUSS URBAN AIR QUALITY IN

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
06BRASILIA596 | 2006-03-23 19:27 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Brasilia

`

    VZCZCXRO1004
    RR RUEHRG
    DE RUEHBR #0596/01 0821927
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    R 231927Z MAR 06
    FM AMEMBASSY BRASILIA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 4924
    INFO RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 3882
    RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO 5396
    RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ 4445
    RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA 2900
    RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO 1755
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA 3650
    RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION 5303
    RUEHGE/AMEMBASSY GEORGETOWN 1029
    RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO 6129
    RUEHPO/AMEMBASSY PARAMARIBO 1057
    RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 3164
    RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 4511
    RUEHSO/AMCONSUL SAO PAULO 6621
    RUEHRI/AMCONSUL RIO DE JANEIRO 1756
    RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
    RHEBAAA/DOE WASHDC
    RUEHC/DOI WASHDC
    RUEAWJA/DOJ WASHDC
    RUEAEPA/HQ EPA WASHDC
    RUEANAT/NASA WASHDC
    RUCPDC/NOAA WASHDC
    RUMIAAA/USCINCSO MIAMI FL
    RUEHRC/USDA WASHDC
    RUCPDO/USDOC WASHDC

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 BRASILIA 000596

    SIPDIS

    SIPDIS

    DEPT PASS USAID TO LAC/RSD, LAC/SAM, G/ENV, PPC/ENV TREASURY FOR
    USED IBRD AND IDB AND INTL/MDB USDA FOR FOREST SERVICE: LMayhew
    INTERIOR FOR DIR INT AFFAIRS: KWASHBURN INTERIOR FOR FWS: TRILEY
    INTERIOR PASS USGS FOR INTERNATIONAL: JWEAVER JUSTICE FOR
    ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES: JWEBB EPA FOR INTERNATIONAL: CAM
    HILL-MACON, SJOHNSON, JAYRES USDA FOR ARS/INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH:
    GFLANLEY NSF FOR INTERNATIONAL: HSTOLBERG

    C O R R E C T E D COPY -- ADDRESSEE REMOVE

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: SENV EAGR EAID TBIO ECON SOCI XR BO BR
    SUBJECT: LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES DISCUSS URBAN AIR QUALITY IN
    COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA

    BRASILIA 00000596  001.2 OF 002

    -------
    Summary
    -------

    The Universidad Catolica Boliviana hosted the 1st Bolivian Congress
    on Urban Air Quality Management March 16-18 in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
    The event was attended by students, environmentalists, scientists,
    academics, and international consultants from several Latin American
    countries.  Air pollution is a general concern for Latin American
    cities, yet most countries lack the funding and political will to
    implement urban air pollution mitigation measures.  Post believes
    EPA's increasing support in training and exchanging information with
    these countries would be of great value.  End summary.

    ---------
    The Event
    ---------

    ¶1.  The 1st Bolivian Congress on Urban Air Quality Management, held
    in Cochabamba March 16-18, brought together students,
    environmentalists, scientists, academics, and international
    consultants from several Latin American countries (Argentina,
    Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Cuba, Mexico, and Chile).
    The meeting was an opportunity for countries to exchange
    information, know-how, and experiences on air quality management in
    urban areas.

    ¶2.  One of the event's main objectives was to raise awareness of
    environmental authorities and municipal, state, and national
    governments about the need to develop regional and national systems
    to manage air quality in urban areas.  Important themes discussed
    included monitoring of atmospheric contamination, inventories of
    pollutant emissions, contaminant diffusion and dispersion models,
    atmospheric contamination prediction models, evaluation of health
    and environmental impacts, and strategies and plans of action for
    emission reduction, norms, and indicators.

    ------------------------
    The Situation in Bolivia
    -------------------------

    ¶3.  Although Bolivia does not currently have high levels of urban
    air pollution, increasing car emissions may result in a decline in
    air quality. According to the World Bank, 70 percent of Bolivia's
    air contamination comes from vehicles, only a third of which pass
    emissions tests.  With fifty percent of the country's population
    living in urban areas and the size of Bolivia's car fleet increasing
    dramatically, this represents a source of growing concern. Thus, it
    is necessary to develop qualified human resources and legal and
    technical experts in order to effectively manage air quality.

    --------------------------------------------- ---
    Current Regional Efforts and Levels of Expertise
    --------------------------------------------- ---

    ¶4.  One of the main sponsors of the event was Swisscontact, a Swiss
    non-governmental organization involved in development cooperation

    BRASILIA 00000596  002.2 OF 002

    (www.swisscontact.org).  Swisscontact has worked with air quality
    control in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Their work in South America
    is carried out through the Swiss Agency for Development and
    Cooperation (COSUDE).

    ¶5.  Several countries sent delegations with substantial individual
    and institutional knowledge. Ecuador sent three representatives from
    a non-governmental organization specializing in urban air quality
    control, CORPAIRE (www.corpaire.org). The NGO's experts demonstrated
    an advanced level of preparedness in the issue.  Representatives
    from Mexico and Chile were by far the most knowledgeable and
    experienced at the event.

    ¶6.  Bolivia, on the other hand, is probably the country in most need
    of technical capacity-building. Many researchers and students from
    universities in La Paz and Cochabamba were present and demonstrated
    interest in learning from neighboring countries. However, local
    environmental authorities were not present at the event, which
    demonstrated a lack of political interest in the topic (a comment
    made by the event organizers themselves).

    ----------
    Conclusion
    ----------

    ¶7.  A Swisscontact representative commented, during the opening of
    the event, that within the past ten years, Latin Americans have been
    able to build up enough expertise in air quality issues to "walk on
    their own feet."   Despite the scarcity of financial and human
    resources, most countries seem to have a good grasp of the direction
    they are heading with respect to air quality control.  However,
    according to an expert from Arequipa (Peru), Latin American
    countries would benefit from U.S. training in air quality
    management.  In fact, EPA methods and information were broadly used
    by several speakers.  To the majority, EPA is a worldwide reference
    for air quality standards and technical expertise.

    ¶8.  Although these countries have a broad knowledge at a policy and
    scientific level, few are able to actually implement urban air
    pollution mitigation measures due to a lack of funding and political
    will. Even though the event was a unique opportunity for Latin
    American countries to compare notes on urban air quality management,
    it did not reach its objective in trying to sensitize and energize
    governmental entities to focus on the issue with urgency.  Post
    believes it would be beneficial to either arrange a Voluntary
    Visitors program for South American air quality experts or to carry
    out EPA-led training sessions in countries such as Bolivia and Peru.
     An opportunity will present itself next year to work with these
    countries, as Colombia announced that it will be hosting a similar
    event March 14-16, 2007, at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

    LINEHAN

`