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### Viewing cable 07SAOPAULO754, BRAZIL'S RIBEIRAO PRETO: SUGAR AND ETHANOL BRING PROSPERITY

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
07SAOPAULO754 | 2007-09-11 19:04 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Consulate Sao Paulo

`

    VZCZCXRO4570
    PP RUEHRG
    DE RUEHSO #0754/01 2541904
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    P 111904Z SEP 07
    FM AMCONSUL SAO PAULO
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7440
    INFO RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 8553
    RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 3764
    RUEHRI/AMCONSUL RIO DE JANEIRO 8307
    RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 2860
    RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION 3100
    RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO 2432
    RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO 2134
    RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ 3477
    RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC 2896
    RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
    RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
    RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC
    RUEHRC/USDA FAS WASHDC 0687
    RHMFIUU/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHDC

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 SAO PAULO 000754

    SIPDIS

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR WHA/BSC, WHA/EPSC FOR FCORNEILLE
    STATE ALSO FOR E FOR GMANUEL AND EEB/ESC/IEC FOR BHAENDLER
    STATE PASS USTR FOR KATE DUCKWORTH
    STATE PASS FED BOARD OF GOVERNORS FOR ROBITAILLE
    STATE PASS EXIMBANK
    STATE PASS OPIC FOR DEMROSE, NRIVERA, CMERVENNE
    NSC FOR TOMASULO
    TREASURY FOR JHOEK
    USDOC FOR 4332/ITA/MAC/WH/OLAC
    USDOC ALSO FOR 3134/USFCS
    DOE FOR GWARD AND CGILLESPIE
    USAID FOR LAC/AA

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: EAGR ECON PGOV ENRG ELTN BR
    SUBJECT: BRAZIL'S RIBEIRAO PRETO: SUGAR AND ETHANOL BRING PROSPERITY
    TO INTERIOR

    Summary
    -------

    ¶1.  (U) During an official visit to Ribeirao Preto, an agri-business
    center in northeastern Sao Paulo state, the Consul General visited a
    sugar mill and met with the Mayor and the President of the City
    Council.  Once part of the state's coffee belt, the Ribeirao Preto
    area is now best known for its sugar and ethanol production, much of
    it increasingly mechanized.  The Mayor boasted of Ribeirao Preto's
    export industries and said the city is actively seeking more foreign
    investors for its agro-industrial plant.  End Summary.

    Copersucar: Principal Sugar Cane Producer
    -----------------------------------------

    ¶2.  (U) On August 29-30, the Consul General (CG), accompanied by
    USDA Agricultural Trade Director, Poloff, and Econoff, visited
    Ribeirao Preto, a city of about half a million people approximately
    300 km north of Sao Paulo.  The municipality of Ribeirao Preto is
    the acknowledged center for ethanol production, accounting for more
    than 10 percent of Brazil's annual sugar crop and boasting at least
    21 ethanol plants.  The CG visited the Pedra Agroindustria sugar
    mill and ethanol processing plant.

    ¶3.  (U) The Pedra plant director, Luiz Roberto Kaysel Cruz,
    explained the company's operations and led a tour of the facilities.
     Pedra is one of five mills in the region belonging to the private
    Copersucar cooperative formed in 1959, which today has 85 member
    companies and 31 active sugar and ethanol production facilities.
    Copersucar produces about 15 percent of total cane production in
    Brazil's south-central region, which encompasses Sao Paulo, Parana,
    Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Minas Gerais states.  In
    all, Copersucar was responsible for 7 percent of world sugar exports
    last year.  Unlike Copersucar's other mills, Pedra exports most of
    its sugar because Pedra has a dedicated railway to transport sugar
    to Santos, Brazil's largest port on the coast of Sao Paulo state,
    where the cooperative has exclusive port facilities for its sugar
    exports.

    ¶4.  (U) Pedra's producers harvest 85 percent of their sugar cane
    mechanically, and hope to have the entire harvest mechanized within
    3 years.  Mechanically harvested cane is much less labor-intensive
    (6-7 workers can replace about 100) and less destructive to the soil
    than hand-cut cane.  Mechanization, however, requires much closer
    attention to logistics, as mechanically harvested cane must be
    milled within 24 hours, while manually harvested cane has a shelf
    life twice that long.  This just in time mechanization process has
    resulted in Pedra developing an intensive training program.
    Employees spend three hours a day learning to read and write and
    three hours a day training alongside more experienced colleagues.
    When asked about the social impacts of needing fewer laborers for
    the mechanized operation, Cruz commented that the sugar/ethanol
    sector actually needs workers, but many do not want to accept formal
    employment because the income would render them ineligible to
    receive Bolsa Familia (BF) payments.

    Ethanol Production Expanding
    ----------------------------

    ¶5.  (U) Pedra almost evenly splits its cane production between sugar
    and ethanol production.  Coperasucar supplied about 3 billion of the
    16 billion liters of ethanol produced last harvest in Brazil's
    south-central region, and exported about 20 percent if its ethanol
    production.  Most of Copersucar's ethanol exports go first to the

    SAO PAULO 00000754  002 OF 003

    Caribbean for further processing.  This allows for duty-free access
    to the U.S. market under the Caribbean Basin Initiative.  Unlike
    sugar, ethanol currently has no specific Brazilian export terminal,
    and the cooperative exports via a variety of smaller locations in
    Santos.  Pedra has discussed the possibility of building a terminal
    as the ethanol export market expands.  At the moment, however, its
    principal concern is keeping Petrobras, Brazil's parastatal oil and
    gas company, from controlling ethanol exports.  Petrobras currently
    dominates Sao Sebastiao, the primary port where Brazil's oil and gas
    trading occurs, and Cruz told the CG's delegation that Pedra fears
    it could do the same for ethanol exports if the proposed ethanol
    pipeline also uses Sao Sebastiao.

    Making Environmentally Friendly Plastics From Sugar
    --------------------------------------------- ------

    ¶6.  (U) Cruz also introduced the CG to PHB Industrial, S.A., the
    newest arm of Pedra, still in the testing phase of developing a
    biodegradable plastic polymer, Biocycle, made from sugar cane.
    According to two PHB managers, Eduardo Brondi and Sylvio Filho, the
    sugar-based product is a white powder which can be used to
    manufacture a variety of environmentally friendly plastic products
    that biodegrade within 120 days.  In the production phase, Biocycle
    actually reduces carbon emissions both as a derivative of sugar cane
    byproducts and by virtue of its biodegradability.  In addition, it
    has the potential of reducing plastic buildup in landfills.  Filho
    explained that the goal is to diversify the company's production mix
    to include this value-added niche product to minimize its exposure
    to commodity price fluctuations.  Three kilograms of sugar cane
    produces one kilogram of the biopolymer powder.  PHB outlined
    potential markets for Biocycle including Europe, which prizes
    products derived from clean energy, and Japan, given that country's
    limited space for waste disposal.  PHB produces Biocycle more
    cheaply from Brazilian sugar cane than similar corn-based products
    developed in the U.S., but, as is usually the case with Brazilian
    products, higher transportation costs reduce the advantage.

    Mayor Wants More Investment
    ---------------------------

    ¶7.  (U)  Following the sugar mill tour, CG's delegation and Pedra
    management lunched with Welson Gasparini, Mayor of Ribeirao Preto;
    Jorge de Oliveira, his Chief of Staff; and Wandeir Silva, President
    of the City Council.  Mayor Gasparini, a lawyer and educator who
    began his political career in 1959 when he was elected to the
    Ribeirao Preto City Council at the age of 23 and is now in his
    fourth term as Mayor - he was elected in 1963, 1972, 1988, and 2004
    - said the city's economy is strong, the workforce well educated,
    and the poverty rate relatively low.  He said the city is always
    looking for more investment for its export industries and asked the
    CG to encourage potential U.S. investors to visit.  (Note: In
    November, Florida Governor Crist is leading a large private-sector
    group on a visit to Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos, Ribeirao Preto,
    and Rio de Janeiro.  End Note.)  He also noted that AMCHAM Brasil
    has a chapter in the city.

    ¶8.  (U)  The Mayor outlined Ribeirao Preto's importance as a
    regional hub; some of the principal cities and economic centers of
    the interior of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais states are located within
    a 200-km radius of Ribeirco Preto, including Araraquara, Campinas,
    Franca, Limeira, Sao Carlos, Sco Jos do Rio Preto, Uberaba (MG),
    and Uberlandia (MG).  This is due to the city's accessibility, which
    is facilitated by its high quality rail system; unusual in Brazil.
    Overall, the Mayor pointed out that Ribeirco Preto's convenient

    SAO PAULO 00000754  003 OF 003

    location, positive social indicators, rich agricultural land, and
    well-developed infrastructure have made it a magnet for commercial
    investment in Brazil.  In addition to sugar cane, the region
    produces soy beans, citrus products (especially oranges), peanuts,
    and other fruits and vegetables.  Agriculture makes up about 19
    percent of the municipaity's GDP, with 26 percent devoted to
    commerce ad the rest to other services.  The sugar and ethanl boom
    has generated complementary industries, sch as agricultural
    machinery and factory equipmet.

    Not Immune from Poverty
    ----------------------

    ¶9.  (U) Though Ribeirao Preto has less povety and more equal income
    distribution than many arts of Brazil, Gasparini acknowledged that
    the ity does have some urban slums ("favelas"), mostlypopulated by
    migrants from the northeast - princially Maranhao state - who came
    to work in the agricultural sector (mostly in sugar cane) and then
    don't leave.  The city also has a number of participants in the
    federal government's "Bolsa Familia" (BF) cash-transfer program,
    though the Mayor wasn't sure how many.  Gasparini said administering
    the program represents a significant burden for the municipal
    government and is probably even more challenging for smaller, less
    prosperous towns with fewer government resources.  In addition to
    registering applicants, municipalities are responsible for reporting
    on beneficiaries' compliance with BF's conditions, such as
    children's school attendance and vaccinations.  Beneficiaries also
    rarely remove themselves from the program due to gainful employment,
    he said.  Gasparini added that it is very difficult and
    time-consuming for the government to remove a recipient from the
    rolls due to excess income or non-compliance with the conditions.

    Comment
    -------

    ¶10.  (U) The Pedra ethanol operation is impressive, both in size and
    efficiency.  The plant is clean and working conditions appear to be
    good.  The city and surrounding region also appear to foster a
    generally high quality of life, which it should be able to sustain
    as long as demand for sugar and ethanol continues to grow.  End
    Comment.

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