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### Viewing cable 04BRASILIA1635, ACAUA TRIP REPORT: THE POLITICS OF HUNGER IN

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04BRASILIA1635 | 2004-07-01 15:09 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Brasilia

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

    011509Z Jul 04

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 BRASILIA 001635

    SIPDIS

    NSC FOR DEMPSEY
    TREASURY FOR SSEGAL
    AID FOR LAC/SAM

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: SOCI EAID PGOV PHUM ELAB ECON BR
    SUBJECT:  ACAUA TRIP REPORT: THE POLITICS OF HUNGER IN
    BRAZIL

    REFS :  (A) 03 Brasilia 3939

            (B) 03 Brasilia 3867
            (C) 03 Brasilia 3347
            (D) 03 Brasilia 1192

    ¶1.  SUMMARY.  Acaua is a modest municipality of 5,430 people
    in northeastern Brazil that was selected as one of two pilot
    communities for President Lula's flagship social program
    "Fome Zero" (Zero Hunger) in February of 2003.  Econoff's
    June 2, 2004 trip to Acaua provided a sharp contrast to
    desolate, destitute pilot sister town of Guaribas (Ref. A).
    Acaua's infrastructure and accessibility is far better than
    that of Guaribas and many surrounding municipalities.  A
    trip to Acaua begs the question of how this municipality was
    selected as a Zero Hunger pilot town and invites the answer
    that the choice was political rather than needs-based.  By
    its inhabitants' own accounts, Zero Hunger has brought only
    minor and spotty benefits to the community, and the recent
    watershed improvements in local life have come rather with
    electrification and the ongoing construction of cisterns -
    both initiatives of the previous, Cardoso administration.
    END SUMMARY.

    ¶2.  Both  Acuaua and Guaribas are in Piaui, one of Brazil's
    poorest states, have mayors from Lula's Workers' Party (PT),
    and are the Zero Hunger pilot towns.  There, the
    similarities end.  In contrast to Guaribas, Acaua has
    several municipal buildings, some cobblestone roads, general
    stores, budding businesses, and satellite dishes on several
    homes.  Note.  The scattered satellite dishes mounted on
    numerous Acaua dwellings cost 400 Reals - quite a luxury
    when considering the minimum wage of 260 Reals per month.
    End note.  According to many people, the defining moment of
    increased prosperity was not the arrival of Lula's Zero
    Hunger food cards and accompanying social programs, but
    electrification three years ago.

    ¶3.  Eraldo, 29, has had a tire repair business for five
    years.  He worked during daylight hours in the dim premises
    before he received electricity.  He only had a pump and
    rudimentary accoutrements to fix the tires.  Today he has
    lights, a compressor, and an electric cutter which has
    replaced his hand-saw.  His home is at the side of the shop,
    and he has converted the front part into a snack shop.  He
    displays chips and has a case with hot foods.  Eraldo's
    little store caters to students who sometimes come for lunch
    from the vibrant blue three-room school cattycornered from
    his shop.  The fact that students have discretionary-
    spending money for less-nutritious snacks was a surprise
    when put in the context that this was a Zero Hunger pilot
    town.

    ¶4.  Renato, 36, has had the largest grocery store in the
    community for seven years.  Renato estimated that about half
    the people in the municipality benefit from Zero Hunger.  He
    commented that his gross income has not increased since the
    implementation of the program: just the form of payment from
    many customers has changed.  The blaring television could be
    seen from the counter, fed by a satellite dish.  The shelves
    in the two large rooms were stocked not only with staples,
    but with what most would consider discretionary items like
    nail polish, fancy flip-flops, liquor, and sling shots.  The
    freezer section contained meat and ice cream.

    ¶5.  Equmira, 29, is one of five teachers in the secondary
    school.  She was born in Acaua, went to the college in
    Piaui's capitol, Teresina, and came back to the family farm
    to live with her parents and four brothers.  She teaches 30
    9-17 year-old youngsters four hours per day, eight months a
    year.  Equmira did not believe her students faced
    malnutrition before Fome Zero commenced, since there were
    many farming families with children in the school, and added
    that the biggest difference was the five cisterns built in
    the community over the last few years, which she associated
    with the program.  Note.  Interesting that Equmira
    associates these cisterns with Zero Hunger, as the
    installations were initiated during the Cardoso
    administration with UNICEF and World Bank funding.

    ¶6.  Twenty-seven-year-old Val was born in Petrolina, a city
    two hours away in the state of Pernambuco, where he was a
    gas station attendant.  He moved his bride and their two
    children to Acaua after the advent of electricity to fulfill
    his dream to own a business.  His father-in-law gave him
    land, and he and two friends constructed the medium-sized
    bar in less than 30 days.  The structure contains a TV, pool
    table, refrigerator/freezer, and two shelves of beauty
    products and snack foods.  Val said his place functions as a
    bar on weekends, and pointed to a shelf with liquor, soft
    drinks, and cigarettes.  He praised the arrival of the
    electricity that allowed him to manifest his dream, but did
    not have an opinion on the Zero Hunger program.

    ¶7.  Econoff stopped at several houses for a more
    comprehensive spectrum of opinions.  Barthalemeu, 18, is one
    of five children and works on the family farm raising goats,
    pigs, horses, and chickens.  The family sells goat cheese
    and left-over meat to the local market.  Barthalemeu pointed
    out the cistern which was funded by UNICEF in 2002 during
    the Cardoso administration.  Regina, 29, is the mother of
    three children, and the wife of a farmer.  She raved about
    Zero Hunger and commented that her family also received the
    Bolsa Familia ("Family Stipend", an umbrella family-benefit
    program) stipend for a total of 95 Reals (exchange roughly 3
    Reals to the USD) per month.

    ¶8.  Antonio lives in a cluster of eight houses built with
    materials funded by the Cardoso administration.  The
    municipality released the land, and eight families helped
    each other erect these humble dwellings in 30 days.  Antonio
    commented that he did not vote for Lula during the 2002
    election cycle, and will not vote for him in the future.  He
    added that he voted against the current PT mayor, and
    resented the fact that Mayor Antonio Rodrigues Filho does
    not even live in Acaua, but in Paulastino, a municipality 18
    kilometers away.  Rita, 27, was downright bitter about the
    Zero Hunger program.  She has one school-aged child, no
    husband, no income, and does not receive any money from Zero
    Hunger or the Family Fund.

    ¶9.  Jose was repairing the cobblestone streets.  He had done
    this seasonal work for 25 years in Acaua, which was
    incorporated eight years ago.  This 36 year-old man appeared
    to be well into his 50s, evidence of his difficult life of
    working in the sun to support his family of four.  He cannot
    work during the rainy season, but commented that as a
    recipient of the Zero Hunger card, he is less reliant on his
    extended family for basic needs.

    ¶10.  The mayor's office in Acaua looks strikingly nice for a
    small Brazilian municipality.  The city is run by City
    Administrator Jose Antonio Filho, 45, who left a teller job
    at the State Bank of Piaui after he was appointed by his
    father, the mayor.  He said that the federal and state
    government governments, in concert with several NGOs, were
    working together to implement a myriad of social and
    community improvement programs.  In addition to the ongoing
    installation of 394 cisterns, a community center with a
    swimming pool and 20 houses are being built.

    ¶11.  Econoff asked about Rita's desperate situation as a
    single mother with no income and not qualifying for Zero
    Hunger and associated benefits.  Filho said the community
    committee of seven people met once a month to evaluate who
    should receive benefits, which was difficult, because it is
    "the poor choosing the poor".  Although there is no appeal
    process, he added that a family could re-apply monthly for
    the benefit.

    ¶12.  Children guided Econoff to the home of Izilina, the
    municipality's Secretary of Health, by saying it was the
    nicest in Acaua.  Indeed, it was a spacious, well-
    constructed home with coffered ceilings and crown moldings.
    This 33 year-old woman has been in her position since 1997,
    and her husband heads tourism (sic!) in the mayor's office.
    The community has a public health team consisting of 19
    employees, including a dentist, doctor, and nurse.  All of
    the health programs in place existed before Zero Hunger.

    ¶13.  Edvaldo Pereira, attorney from the mayor's office in
    Petrolina, Pernambuco, commented that he could show Econoff
    people much worse off than the citizens of Acaua in a nearby
    quilombo (communities founded originally by run-away
    slaves).  Afranho is a community located in Pernambuco, less
    than eight miles from Acaua.  The mayor of the town is from
    the opposition party PSDB and commented that only 15 of
    Afranho's 400 inhabitants receive Zero Hunger cards. The
    municipality of 400 is much closer in appearance to Guaribus
    than to Acaua with its dirt roads and nothing but individual
    dwellings - not even a grocery store.  Francisca de Lima,
    57, is a 30-year resident who lives in a shanty with six
    family members.  They are subsistence farmers and receive no
    benefits from any government program.  Lima said she has not
    seen any improvement since the Lula government came to
    power.

    ¶14.  There is a sharp contrast between the Zero Hunger pilot
    towns.  There is definitely poverty to be found in Acaua,
    but not so ubiquitous and repressive as in Guaribas.
    Piaui's Fome Zero Director Rosangela Sousa commented on
    Econoff's earlier trip (Ref. B) that Guaribus was selected
    as the pilot due to lack of infrastructure, and that Acaua
    was selected because it had the lowest per capita income.
    Guaribas was an obvious choice, but that of Acaua was more
    complex.  The raw per capita income numbers were deceptive,
    because many people in the community are subsistence
    farmers, thus did not have a dire hunger problem.

    ¶15.  Comment.  It is striking that few residents gave Lula
    the credit for the positive changes Acaua has experienced
    via the Zero Hunger program.  During this period of the
    administration's eroding  popularity, not even this showcase
    municipality is generating positive publicity  for the
    administration's social programs.

    DUDDY

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