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### Viewing cable 06BRASILIA2399, SOUTH AMERICA ESTH NEWS, NUMBER 84

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
06BRASILIA2399 | 2006-11-14 20:08 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Brasilia

`

    VZCZCXRO8727
    RR RUEHRG
    DE RUEHBR #2399/01 3182008
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    R 142008Z NOV 06
    FM AMEMBASSY BRASILIA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 7353
    INFO RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 4402
    RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO 5916
    RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ 4981
    RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA 3243
    RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO 2033
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA 3996
    RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION 5773
    RUEHGE/AMEMBASSY GEORGETOWN 1160
    RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO 6582
    RUEHPO/AMEMBASSY PARAMARIBO 1175
    RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 3502
    RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 5853
    RUEHSO/AMCONSUL SAO PAULO 8601
    RUEHRI/AMCONSUL RIO DE JANEIRO 3329
    RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
    RHEBAAA/DOE WASHDC
    RUEHC/DOI WASHDC
    RUEAWJA/DOJ WASHDC
    RUEAEPA/HQ EPA WASHDC
    RUEANAT/NASA HQ WASHDC
    RUCPDC/NOAA WASHDC
    RUMIAAA/USCINCSO MIAMI FL
    RUEHRC/USDA WASHDC
    RUCPDO/USDOC WASHDC

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 09 BRASILIA 002399

    SIPDIS

    SIPDIS

    DEPT PASS USAID TO LAC/RSD, LAC/SAM, G/ENV, PPC/ENV
    TREASURY FOR USED IBRD AND IDB AND INTL/MDB
    USDA FOR FOREST SERVICE: LIZ MAHEW
    INTERIOR FOR DIR INT AFFAIRS: K WASHBURN
    INTERIOR FOR FWS: TOM RILEY
    INTERIOR PASS USGS FOR INTERNATIONAL: J WEAVER
    JUSTICE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES: JWEBB
    EPA FOR INTERNATIONAL: CAM HILL-MACON
    USDA FOR ARS/INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH: G FLANLEY
    NSF FOR INTERNATIONAL: HAROLD STOLBERG

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: SENV EAGR EAID TBIO ECON SOCI XR BR
    SUBJECT: SOUTH AMERICA ESTH NEWS, NUMBER 84

    ¶1.  The following is the eighty-fourth in a series of newsletters,
    published by the Brasilia Regional Environmental Hub, covering
    environment, science and technology, and health news in South
    America.  The information below was gathered from news sources from
    across the region, and the views expressed do not necessarily
    reflect those of the Hub office or our constituent posts.
    Addressees who would like to receive a user-friendly email version
    of this newsletter should contact Larissa Stoner at
    stonerla@state.gov.  The e-mail version also contains a calendar of
    upcoming ESTH events in the region.

    ¶2. Table of Contents

    Agriculture
    --(3)Dole Food Company Inaugurates Organic Banana Farm in Colombia
    --(4)Colombia: Legume to Counter El Nio
    --(5)Brazil: Delay in Law to Limit Eucalyptus
    --(6)Colombia: Organic Coffee for Japan

    Water Issues
    --(7)Colombia: Rodrigo Vivas, Winner of the Sasakawa --Prize for His
    Contribution to the Fight against Desertification
    --(8)Amazon River 'Switched Direction'

    Forests
    --(9)Peru: Forest Transparency Workshop Shows Opportunities
    --(10)Brazil: Amazon Deforestation Lowest Since 1991
    --(11)Largest Seizure of Illegally Logged Amazon Rainforest Timber
    Announced By Authorities

    Wildlife
    --(12)USFWS Provides Training against Illegal Wildlife Traffic in
    Brazil

    Fishing & Marine Conservation
    --(13)Argentina: Sabalo Threatened by Overfishing

    Science & Technology
    --(14)Brazil: Plant Fibers to Replace Asbestos

    Pollution
    --(15)Bolivia: Pilcomayo River Pollution AttractsNew Attention

    Energy
    --(16)Brazil and India jin Senegal for Biofuel Production
    --(17)Chilean nergy Supplier to Pursue Renewable Energy Projects
    --(18)Bolivia: Clean Production Practices Increas Efficiency, Lower
    Costs
    --(19)Brazil Bus FirmPowers Fleet on Biofuels
    --(20)Brazil Teams Up Wth NASA for Aviation Fuel

    General
    --(21)U.S.-hile Environmental Meetings
    --(22)Chile: Conama ets Sights on New Environmental Superintendent
    --23)WWF: "Ecological Overshoot" Threatens Earth's Rsources
    --(24)Argentina: Plastic Bricks Certifie for Building

    BRASILIA 00002399  002 OF 009

    -----------
    Agriculture
    -----------

    ¶3. Dole Food Company Inaugurates Organic Banana Farm in Colombia

    NOV. 06, 2006 - Dole Food Company recently inaugurated a new organic
    banana facility in the La Guajira region of Colombia.  Named the
    "Don Pedro" farm, the USD8 million growing, harvesting, packing and
    shipping facility will employ more than 1,000 local residents.  Don
    Pedro is the first banana farm in Colombia with a suspended cableway
    harvesting system that transports product from the farm directly to
    the packing plants.  The facility also has a state-of-the-art
    irrigation system, advanced fruit cleansing operations and an aerial
    fruit propping system.

    Source - US Embassy Bogota

    ¶4. Colombia: Legume to Counter El Nio

    NOV. 06, 2006 - Cratylia argentea, a legume that is resistant to
    prolonged drought and highly nutritious for cattle, could be
    cultivated by Colombian ranchers to counter the effects of the
    climate phenomenon known as El Nio, according to the International
    Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).  "It is a bush rich in
    protein, with a high capacity for sprouting during dry periods,
    replacing part of the commercial concentrates, and maintaining cows'
    milk production when the weather is too dry or too humid," Carlos
    Lascano, a CIAT expert who has been studying the plant for 15 years,
    told Tierramerica.  He said the legume can adapt to different
    regions of the country, but is particularly useful along the
    Atlantic coast, a cattle-raising region that sees long dry periods,
    which could become worse with El Nio, which is predicted to
    intensify towards the end of the year.

    Source - Tierramerica

    ¶5. Brazil: Delay in Law to Limit Eucalyptus

    OCT. 23, 2006 - Far past the 45 days predicted, the delay continues
    for the parliamentary vote on a bill that aims to stop the expansion
    of eucalyptus in the Brazilian municipality of Sao Luiz do
    Paraitinga, 170 km from Sao Paulo.  This was the report to
    Tierramerica from Marcelo Toledo, an official from the judiciary and
    promoter of the bill. Monoculture of the fast-growing eucalyptus
    tree for the paper pulp industry already covers "more than 10
    percent" of the municipal territory of 73,700 hectares, causing a
    rural exodus, pollution and destruction of historic monuments, he
    said.  The bill was presented Aug. 22 with 540 signatures,
    surpassing the national constitution's required minimum of five
    percent of the local electorate, but lawmakers have yet to vote on
    it. Home to 10,800 people, the mountainous ad forested Paraitinga
    lives from tourism and small farms.

    Source - Tierramerica

    BRASILIA 00002399  003 OF 009

    ¶6. Colombia: Organic Coffee for Japan

    OCT. 23, 2006 - Beginning in February, the indigenous Arhuacos of
    Colombia's northern Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, will export
    annually 15 containers to Japan with 289 tons of Tiwun coffee, which
    the community grows using environmentally sustainable methods.
    Francisco Zalabata, member of the Tayrona Indigenous Confederation,
    told Tierramerica that the commercialization of the coffee will take
    place through an agreement signed Oct. 19 by his group and the city
    of Santa Marta and the Community Trade Network.  Zalabata said Tiwun
    is a special coffee grown by about 350 indigenous families,
    following rules of fair trade, and is considered among those with
    best aroma, taste and texture in the world.  The aim of the network
    in marketing the product, says Zalabata, is to reach the customer
    without intermediaries, so that the economic benefits of exporting
    their coffee go directly to the growers.

    Source - Tierramerica

    ------------
    Water Issues
    ------------

    ¶7. Colombia: Rodrigo Vivas, Winner of the Sasakawa Prize for His
    Contribution to the Fight against Desertification

    NOV. 04, 2006 - Colombian lawyer and activist Rodrigo Vivas won the
    2006 Sasakawa Prize, awarded annually by the United Nations
    Environmental Program (UNEP) and the Nippon Foundation, for his
    "rainwater harvest" project, to combat desertification.  The award,
    which includes a 200,000-dollar prize, is one of the most
    prestigious environmental laurels in the world.  "The lord of the
    rains", as his friends call him, created the non-governmental
    Fundacion Accion Ambiental (Environmental Action Foundation) six
    years ago, focusing on local issues.  The foundation works with
    farmers to encourage protection of biodiversity, proper water
    management, food security efforts and strengthening of community
    organizations.  Vivas is also executive director of the Consortium
    for Sustainable Hillside Agriculture, CIPASLA, which is active in 23
    rural districts of the Andean region of Colombia.  Click on the link
    below for the complete Q&A.

    Source - Tierramerica

    ¶8. Amazon River 'Switched Direction'

    OCT. 24, 2006 - The world's largest river, the Amazon, once flowed
    from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific - the opposite of its present
    direction, a study shows.  Sedimentary rocks in the central part of
    South America contain ancient mineral grains that must have come
    from the eastern part of the continent.  Geologist Russell Mapes
    says this must mean that about 145-65 million years ago, the Amazon
    flowed east to west.

    Source - BBC

    BRASILIA 00002399  004 OF 009

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    Forests
    -------

    ¶9. Peru: Forest Transparency Workshop Shows Opportunities

    NOV. 07, 2006 - USAID, U.S. Forest Service and State sponsored an
    Amazon Basin forest transparency workshop in Lima, September 19-22,
    ¶2006.  Over 100 participants from governments, industry and NGOs
    found common ground in identifying solutions to improve forest
    governance.  Firms and NGO's exhibited services and technologies
    that aid log tracking, forest certification and mapping of changes
    in forest cover in a novel "Market of Ideas." Bolivian and Peruvian
    community-based NGO's formed a plan to exchange best practices; USG,
    Tropical Forest Trust and other collaborators began planning for a
    new short training course for university faculty in Amazon forestry
    management programs.

    Source - LIMA   00004289

    ¶10. Brazil: Amazon Deforestation Lowest Since 1991

    OCT. 27, 2006 - Deforestation in the Amazon rain forest has declined
    to its lowest level since 1991 due to strict enforcement of
    environmental regulations, according to the Brazilian government.
    Preliminary figures released by the environmental ministry showed
    5,057 square miles of the rain forest were destroyed this year --
    the lowest level since 4,258 square miles were lost in 1991.  The
    numbers released Oct. 26 are estimates based on satellite images.
    The final results are expected before the end of the year.  Last
    year, the rain forest lost 7,250 square miles.  ''It's the second
    year in a row there's a decline, so it's good news and we must
    applaud the government,'' said Paulo Adario, director of
    Greenpeace's Amazon campaign. ''But our preoccupation is that the
    average of annual destruction remains high. More needs to be
    done.''

    Source - NY Times

    ¶11. Largest Seizure of Illegally Logged Amazon Rainforest Timber
    Announced By Authorities

    OCT. 23, 2006 - IBAMA, Brazil's environmental agency, announced the
    largest seizure ever of illegally logged timber from the Amazon
    rainforest.  During a week-long operation -- code named Kojima -- in
    late September, authorities impounded nearly 15,000 cubic meters of
    unlicensed wood in the Amazonian state of Para. The agency said it
    was probably the largest seizure ever in the state.  The Kojima
    Operation follows the three-week Guariba Operation which confiscated
    8,500 cubic meters of sawnwood and logs in the state of Mato Grosso.
    Authorities said the Kojima Operation would continue in the region
    until at least December, according to a report from the
    International Tropical Timber Organization's (ITTO) Tropical Timber
    Market Report. 2006 has seen a marked increase in environmental law
    enforcement in the Amazon.  More than 120 people including 16 agents

    BRASILIA 00002399  005 OF 009

    of the federal environmental protection agency -- have been arrested
    for operating illegal logging and timber smuggling in the Amazon
    rainforest and southern Brazil since the beginning of the year.

    Source - Mongabay see also BRASILIA   00002319

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    Wildlife
    --------

    ¶12. USFWS Provides Training against Illegal Wildlife Traffic in
    Brazil

    NOV. 06, 2006 - A team of four officers from the United States Fish
    and Wildlife Service (FWS), part of the U.S. Department of the
    Interior, provided Brazilian Federal Police with a training course
    to prevent and combat illegal wildlife trafficking over the two week
    period of October 16-27, 2006.  The U.S Delegation was headed by
    special agent Jill Birchell and complemented by special agents Gary
    Young, Marty Hernandez and forensics scientist Dyan Straughan.  The
    course, financed by the Narcotics Affairs Section at the Embassy,
    took place in Bonito located in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso
    do Sul, one of the richest regions of the country in terms of
    Wildlife biodiversity.  Both the United States and Brazilian Federal
    Police believe the exchange of information will help disrupt
    criminal organizations, in both countries, that profit from the
    illegal trade in wildlife.

    Source - BRASILIA   00002325

    -----------------------------
    Fishing & Marine Conservation
    -----------------------------

    ¶13. Argentina: Sabalo Threatened by Overfishing

    NOV. 06, 2006 - The non-governmental organization Proteger
    Foundation revealed on Oct. 30 a nearly secret report by Argentina's
    fisheries agency which admits that the fish known as the sabalo
    (Prochilodus lineatus) is at risk of population collapse due to
    overexploitation.  Proteger, which has denounced the overfishing of
    this species for years, agreed with the forecast, but criticized the
    agency for failing to publicize the official study.  According to
    Proteger, some 70,000 tons of sabalo -- the leading river-fish
    export -- are caught annually, half what was caught 20 years ago
    with a smaller fishing capacity.

    Source - Tierramerica

    --------------------
    Science & Technology
    --------------------

    ¶14. Brazil: Plant Fibers to Replace Asbestos

    OCT. 23, 2006 - Research at the University of Campina Grande, in the

    BRASILIA 00002399  006 OF 009

    eastern Brazilian state of Paraiba, explores the potential uses of
    sisal (Agave sisalana) as a substitute for asbestos, a toxin and
    carcinogen, as a construction material.  The plant, which is grown
    in the semiarid Brazilian Northeast, "is low cost, biodegradable,
    abundant, and is a non-carcinogen renewable resource," research
    coordinator Antonio Farias Leal told Tierramerica.  "Its use would
    help the social and economic development of Brazil's poorer regions,
    thrashed by drought, where no other perennial crop thrives except
    sisal, and where nearly a million people rely on it for survival,"
    he said.  Brazil is the world's leading producer of sisal,
    generating about 56 percent of the global total.

    Source - Tierramerica

    ---------
    Pollution
    ---------

    ¶15. Bolivia: Pilcomayo River Pollution Attracts New Attention

    OCT. 27, 2006 - For centuries, mining and milling wastes from
    Bolivia's Potosi mining district have polluted the Pilcomayo River,
    an important body of water in Bolivia's southwest.  A recent study
    indicated that many agricultural fields and waterways are
    contaminated with heavy metals and arsenic, which may have long-term
    implications for local communities. Past proposals to address the
    river's pollution have generated few results, but a new initiative
    from the USAID-supported Center for the Promotion of Sustainable
    Technologies may change that.

    Source - LA PAZ   00002934

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    Energy
    ------

    ¶16. Brazil and India join Senegal for Biofuel Production

    NOV. 01, 2006 - In a bid to decrease its dependence on oil and
    produce environmentally-friendly energy, Senegal will cooperate with
    Brazil and India to launch a biofuel production program by 2007.
    Through public-private partnerships, Brazil will provide scientific
    and technological know-how, Indian entrepreneurs will supply the
    capital, and Senegal will offer land and labor.  Biofuels, such as
    bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas, are renewable fuels generally
    produced from agricultural crops or organic matter.  The project is
    part of a plan by the Senegalese government to regenerate its rural
    economy through investment in biofuels to eventually replace the
    country's daily consumption of 33,000 oil barrels.   It was
    announced on 27 October by Farba Senghor, Senegal's minister of
    agriculture, rural hydraulics and food security in a meeting with a
    delegation of Brazilian biofuel experts in Dakar, Senegal.

    Source - SciDev

    ¶17. Chilean Energy Supplier to Pursue Renewable Energy Projects

    BRASILIA 00002399  007 OF 009

    OCT. 31, 2006 - Chile's principal energy supplier Endesa is
    exploring renewable energy sources through its subsidiary Eco
    Endesa.  Eco Endesa is embarking on projects that would generate
    energy using biomass, small-scale hydroelectric dams and wind power.
     The projects are part of an initiative by Eco Endesa to invest
    USD50 million in producing over 30 megawatts of renewable energy by
    ¶2009.  The investment represents a growing interest in renewable
    energy, which is due in part to transmission cost exemptions and
    discounts granted by the Ley Corta II, a new energy law passed in
    2005 that created numerous incentives to invest in energy.  Eco
    Endesa already has several projects in late phases of development,
    including the USD17 million Canela wind energy park in Region IV,
    and the small-scale hydroelectric dam Ojos de Agua in Region VII.
    Planned to be completed in the next two years, the projects will
    produce just over 9.5 megawatts of power each.

    Source - Santiago Times (no link)

    ¶18. Bolivia: Clean Production Practices Increase Efficiency, Lower
    Costs

    OCT. 26, 2006 - Clean production practices introduced by the
    USAID-supported Center for the Promotion of Sustainable Technologies
    have increased efficiency and lowered costs for more than 90
    Bolivian businesses.  [Several] case studies suggest that lower
    production costs provide powerful incentives for firms to modify
    production processes to improve efficiency and cut pollution,
    thereby making them more competitive in domestic and international
    markets.  Companies have also adopted corporate social
    responsibility programs to minimize environmental damage.

    Source - LA PAZ   00002903

    ¶19. Brazil Bus Firm Powers Fleet on Biofuels

    OCT. 25, 2006 - South America's largest city might be getting a bit
    greener.  A bus company in Sao Paulo is now powering part of its
    fleet with a new mix of biofuels and diesel in an effort to curb
    emissions and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.  The mix - a blend of
    30 percent biodiesel, 8 percent alcohol and 62 percent petroleum
    diesel - will eventually be used by 1,900 buses, about a quarter of
    Sao Paulo's entire bus fleet, said Paulo Mendes, director of B100,
    which was created by the Itaim Paulista bus company to research
    alternative fuels.  The fuel was developed as part of joint effort
    between B100 and state-run oil company Petroleo Brasileiro SA, known
    as Petrobras.  Brazil has been a leader in the development of
    biofuels, with ethanol providing about 17 percent of the country's
    fuel needs.  Brazil also will start requiring that biodiesel be
    added to regular diesel at a rate of 2 percent in 2008.  By the year
    2013, trucks will have to run on 5 percent biodiesel.

    Source -Washington Post

    ¶20. Brazil Teams Up With NASA for Aviation Fuel

    BRASILIA 00002399  008 OF 009

    AUG. 29, 2006 - Brazilian biofuel company, Tecbio, has linked up
    with NASA and US aerospace firm Boeing to develop a biokerosene
    aviation fuel.  The alternative vegetable-oils based fuel to power
    airplanes was invented by Tecbio in 1980 and flight tested in Brazil
    in 1984 before being abandoned.  It attracted fresh interest after
    oil prices rose to record levels this year.  A memorandum of
    understanding was signed in early August.  Based in Fortaleza,
    capital of the northeastern state of Ceara, Tecbio has a biofuel
    project in the state of Piaui, also in northeast Brazil.  Tecbio,
    Brazil's largest biodiesel technology company, is implementing six
    projects and seeking funding for another four.

    Source - MercoPress

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    General
    -------

    ¶21. U.S.-Chile Environmental Meetings

    NOV. 13, 2006 - Chile and the United States met in Santiago October
    23-24 to review bilateral environmental cooperation under the
    Environmental Chapter of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the
    Environmental Cooperation Agreement (ECA).  Talks focused on
    reviewing the successful eight projects implemented under the FTA
    and detailed future areas of cooperation: (1) a national Pollutant
    Release and Transfer Registry (PRTR); (2) reduction of mining
    pollution; (3) capacity building to enforce environmental laws; (4)
    workshop and study tour on voluntary environmental efforts; (5)
    exchange of agricultural best practices; (6) a study tour on
    alternatives to use of methyl bromide; (7) capacity building to
    improve wildlife protection and management; and, (8) a pilot project
    to retrofit diesel buses in Santiago to reduce emissions.

    Source - SANTIAGO   00002369

    ¶22. Chile: Conama Sets Sights on New Environmental Superintendent

    OCT. 27, 2006 - A complete overhaul in the administration of
    environmental affairs is on the horizon in Chile, with the proposed
    creation of an Environment Ministry and the announcement of a
    planned Environmental Superintendent in charge of enforcing
    regulations.  National Environmental Commission (Conama) Director
    Ana Lya Uriarte announced on October 25th that immediately after
    adding the final touches to a bill creating the post of Environment
    Minister - currently being debated in Congress - legislators plan to
    author another bill that establishes the functions of the
    Superintendent. Under the current system, individual ministries and
    government agencies are responsible for applying and enforcing
    environmental regulations, under Conama's supervision. The lack of
    an independent enforcement agency has been the source of much
    criticism.

    Source - Santiago Times (no link)

    ¶23. WWF: "Ecological Overshoot" Threatens Earth's Resources

    BRASILIA 00002399  009 OF 009

    OCT. 26, 2006 - WWF's 2006 Living Planet Report, the group's
    biennial statement on the state of the natural world, says that on
    current projections humanity will be using two planets' worth of
    natural resources by 2050 - if those resources have not run out by
    then.  It also confirms the trend of biodiversity loss seen in
    previous Living Planet reports.  Already resources are depleting,
    with the report showing that vertebrate species populations have
    declined by about one-third in the 33 years from 1970 to 2003.  At
    the same time, humanity's Ecological Footprint - the demand people
    place upon the natural world - has increased to the point where the
    Earth is unable to keep up in the struggle to regenerate.

    Source - MercoPress

    ¶24. Argentina: Plastic Bricks Certified for Building

    OCT. 23, 2006 - Argentina's Housing Secretariat granted
    certification of technical fitness to a prototype of a brick made
    from plastic bottles for use in construction of houses and buildings
    of up to two stories.  "This allows access to official funds for
    housing made with bricks produced from plastic waste," Horacio
    Berretta, director of the Economical Housing Experiment Center in
    the central province of Csrdoba, told Tierramerica.  Berretta
    acknowledged that there are various initiatives for construction
    with alternative materials, but noted that not all obtain
    certification. This recognition permits large-scale manufacture of
    the bricks, beginning with pilot projects in Buenos Aires and in the
    southwest province of Catamarca.  The plastic bricks are lighter
    than traditional bricks, he said. They are more water and fire
    resistant, soundproof, and easy to install.

    Source - Tierramerica

    Sobel

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