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### Viewing cable 06PHNOMPENH990, Land Disputes Draw More Protesters to Phnom Penh

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
06PHNOMPENH990 | 2006-05-25 05:27 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Phnom Penh

`

    VZCZCXRO6943
    OO RUEHCHI RUEHDT RUEHHM
    DE RUEHPF #0990/01 1450527
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    O 250527Z MAY 06
    FM AMEMBASSY PHNOM PENH
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6739
    INFO RUEHZS/ASEAN COLLECTIVE
    RHHMUNA/HQ USPACOM
    RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 1453

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 PHNOM PENH 000990

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE
    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR EAP/MLS AND DRL; GENEVA FOR RMA

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PHUM PREL PGOV CB
    SUBJECT:  Land Disputes Draw More Protesters to Phnom Penh

    ¶1.   (SBU)  Summary:  In May, over 300 farmers gathered in
    front of the National Assembly in protest against those
    authorities alleged to be responsible for usurping their
    land.  The protesters called on Prime Minister Hun Sen, the
    National Assembly and civil society to help in resolving
    their claims.  Subsequently, the protesters agreed to leave
    Phnom Penh following assurances their cases would be
    resolved.  Civil society leaders remain concerned that land
    grabbing continues to be the norm across Cambodia and in
    most of the land disputes, the weak and the poor lose their
    land to the rich and the powerful.  In the absence of an
    impartial judiciary and a new Land Dispute Authority that is
    not yet fully active, the court of last resort appears to be
    the Prime Minister himself.  End Summary.

    Land Dispute Cases Continue to Plague Cambodia
    --------------------------------------------- -

    ¶2.  (U)  In one of the most recent land dispute cases, a
    group of 190 protesters from Banteay Meanchey province
    claimed local authorities and police and military commanders
    usurped 1,257 hectares of land in districts of Malay and
    Preah Neath Preah.  The protesters representing over 300
    families arrived May 17 in front of the National Assembly in
    Phnom Penh to publicize their plight and protest against
    those who seized the land they claim to have occupied since
    ¶1993.  The protesters say the provincial court as well as
    authorities at the district and provincial levels have not
    resolved the issue since 2004 when they filed complaints
    following the illegal seizure of their land.  The majority
    of the protesters are former refugees who had received the
    land in 1993/1994 following their repatriation from refugee
    camps in Thailand.

    ¶3.  (U)  On May 17, over 100 land protesters from Kompong
    Cham province joined the Banteay Meanchey group in front of
    the National Assembly.  The protesters complained that
    forest authorities and military commanders grabbed 450
    hectares of their farmland in the Districts of Memot and
    Krochma.  According to the protesters, the authorities and
    military commanders allegedly appropriated the land for a
    development project.  The protesters argued they do not
    believe the justification and refuse to give up the land
    they have farmed since 1980.

    ¶4.  (SBU)  On May 22, authorities in both Kompong Cham and
    Banteay Meanchey convinced the protesters that their cases
    would be resolved if they returned to their respective
    provinces and all have agreed to leave Phnom Penh.  This
    latest protest across from the National Assembly shows,
    however, that land disputes remain a complicated issue
    across Cambodia - and are creating a growing sense of
    injustice.  As local and provincial authorities

    National Assembly Site a Haven for Land Protesters
    --------------------------------------------- -----

    ¶5.  (U)  The Kompong Cham and Banteay Meanchey groups have
    been only the latest in a series of land protesters who have
    come to the National Assembly to raise awareness of their
    cases.  In February 2006, the number of land protesters
    swelled to more than 1,000 families whose representatives
    had set up camp across from the National Assembly to gain
    publicity and government attention to their plight.  The
    protesters only agreed to leave Phnom Penh after
    representatives from Prime Minister Hun Sen's office assured
    them that their disputes would be properly adjudicated prior
    to their return home.  NGOs, however, complain that there
    have been no resolutions to most cases and some families are
    still prohibited from returning to the disputed land.  In
    other instances, they are permitted to return and farm
    pending a resolution.

    RGC Intention to Resolve Disputes Questioned
    --------------------------------------------

    ¶6.  (SBU)  Cambodian Center for Human Rights Director Kem
    Sokha suggests that people do not believe local authorities
    and the government are interested in resolving land disputes
    that have plagued most of Cambodia's provinces.  "Because
    the government is well aware of the disputes and the
    negative consequences of land concessions, the government
    could resolve them successfully if they wanted," argued the
    human rights leader.  "The government looks away because the
    personal interests of government officials and their wealthy
    backers are at stake," said Kem Sokha.  Sokha is not
    confident that the newly established National Authority to
    resolve land disputes will succeed, although members of the

    PHNOM PENH 00000990  002 OF 002

    opposition party are included in the composition of the
    authority.

    It All Rests with the Prime Minister
    ------------------------------------

    ¶7. (U)  So far, the only individual capable of rendering
    assistance to those afflicted by land disputes is Prime
    Minister Hun Sen.  On May 16, Hun Sen ordered authorities of
    Siem Reap Province's Banteay Srei District to return nearly
    3,300 hectares of land seized by local authorities to
    approximately 100 villagers and military personnel who had
    been allocated the land.  On May 21, provincial authorities
    for the village of Kbal Spean in Banteay Meanchey province
    announced that each of the 218 families who protested their
    eviction on March 21, 2005 would receive an 8 by 20 meter
    plot at the order of the Prime Minister, as well as 100
    kilos of rice and 300,000 riels (USD 75).  The governor, the
    families, and the provincial ADHOC coordinator expressed
    satisfaction with the decision.  The families of those
    killed protesting the eviction in Kbal Spean last year are
    continuing to seek justice through the courts.

    Comment
    -------

    ¶8.  (SBU)  Land disputes remain a growing, if not explosive,
    problem.  Average Cambodians are concerned that the entire
    country has a price tag, and private as well as public land
    ownership will soon belong to a small, privileged segment of
    society.  Officials outside Phnom Penh are afraid to
    intervene in cases for fear of political repercussions,
    forcing hundreds to come to the capital to seek government
    action.  Those cases that have been successfully resolved
    have required the intervention of the Prime Minister or
    members of his immediate staff, who are sensitive to the
    media attention given to large numbers of protesters in
    front of the National Assembly.  Until the Land Dispute
    Authority begins its work, groups of disgruntled peasants
    will continue to come to Phnom Penh to draw attention to a
    problem that shows no signs of going away.

    STORELLA

`