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### Viewing cable 08MANAGUA696, ACTION REQUEST: NEW 'NOTICE TO MARINERS' ON CHANGE

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
08MANAGUA696 | 2008-06-02 22:15 | 2011-06-23 08:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Managua

`

    VZCZCXRO9335
    OO RUEHLMC
    DE RUEHMU #0696/01 1542215
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    O 022215Z JUN 08
    FM AMEMBASSY MANAGUA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 2681
    INFO RUEHZA/WHA CENTRAL AMERICAN COLLECTIVE IMMEDIATE
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA IMMEDIATE 1901
    RUEHME/AMEMBASSY MEXICO IMMEDIATE 5284
    RUMIAAA/CDR USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL//J2/J3/J5// IMMEDIATE
    RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC IMMEDIATE
    RUENAAA/CNO WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUCOWCA/COAST GUARD SECURITY CTR CHESAPEAKE VA IMMEDIATE
    RHMFISS/COGARD INTELCOORDCEN WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUEABND/DEA HQS WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RHEFDIA/DIA WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUEAHLC/HOMELAND SECURITY CENTER WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUEHLMC/MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORP WASHDC IMMEDIATE
    RHEHNSC/NSC WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
    RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC IMMEDIATE
    RUENAAA/SECNAV WASHDC IMMEDIATE

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 MANAGUA 000696

    SENSITIVE
    SIPDIS

    DEPT FOR WHA/CEN
    DEPT FOR L/OES - A. ROCHE
    DEPT FOR INR/IAA - EMERSON AND INR/GGI - MILEFSKY
    DEPT FOR EEB AND OES
    DEPT FOR IO/T LUSTIG
    DEPT FOR CA/OCS
    DEPT FOR EEB/TRA AND OES/OA
    STATE FOR USOAS

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PBTS PREL EWWT EFIS CASC MOPS CO XK
    SUBJECT: ACTION REQUEST: NEW 'NOTICE TO MARINERS' ON CHANGE
    OF CONTROL AFTER ICJ RESOLUTION OF NICARAGUA-HONDURAS
    MARITIME DISPUTE

    REF: MANAGUA 185 (NOTAL)

    ¶1. (U) THIS IS AN ACTION REQUEST.  Please see paragraph 10
    for Action.

    ¶2. (SBU) BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY:  In October 2007, the
    International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague issued a
    decision resolving a long-standing maritime boundary dispute
    between Nicaragua and Honduras.  This decision established a
    new maritime boundary which granted Nicaragua control over a
    portion of ocean that had previously been under the control
    of Honduras.  Following the decision, the Government of
    Nicaragua (GON) ordered the Nicaraguan Navy to expand its
    maritime patrols to include the area previously controlled by
    Honduras and enforce Nicaragua's requirement that fishing
    vessels operating in Nicaraguan waters hold a valid
    Nicaraguan fishing license.  Since October, the Nicaraguan
    Navy has impounded about a dozen vessels, including two that
    are U.S.-owned, for allegedly not being in possession of
    valid Nicaraguan fishing licenses.  The GON has an
    established procedure to reverse the seizures and return the
    vessels to the rightful owners once fines and demurrage are
    paid.

    ¶3. (SBU) We note that there is another separate maritime
    boundary dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia regarding
    waters surrounding the San Andres archipelago that Nicaragua
    claims as its EEZ.  In December 2007, the ICJ issued an
    interim opinion on this dispute, but did not resolve it
    definitively.  This dispute should not be confused with the
    now-resolved Honduras-Nicaragua issue.  A Notice to Mariners
    for this entire area has been in effect since 1994, revised
    in 1997.  However, the notice does not reflect changes
    resulting from the recent ICJ decisions.  We have
    strengthened our Country Specific Information (CSI) on this
    matter two times in the last 12 months.  END BACKGROUND AND
    SUMMARY.

    Nicaraguan/Honduran Maritime Border Dispute Resolved
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    ¶4. (SBU) The ICJ ruling in the case of Nicaragua versus
    Honduras of October 8, 2007 granted the GON control over
    certain maritime areas previously claimed by Honduras north
    of the 15th parallel.  (NOTE.  The court awarded sovereignty
    to Honduras of four island Keys-- Bobel, Savanna, Port Royal
    and South, -- and the southern 12-nautical mile arc around
    them.  For the actual decision see
    http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/120/14075 .pdf. END NOTE.)
     Immediately following the ICJ ruling, the GON ordered the
    Nicaraguan Navy to expand its patrols to include the
    newly-awarded maritime space.  Since October, the Nicaraguan
    Navy has seized and impounded several fishing vessels due to
    fishing license problems.  Although some owners have asserted
    that their vessels were "stolen," the GON has not asserted
    that it will restrict exclusive rights to fish these waters
    to Nicaraguan vessels.  Rather, they are allowing all
    properly-licensed vessels and crews to fish in these waters,
    as before when the space was under Honduran control.  Now,
    however, the licenses must come from Nicaragua, not Honduras.

    ¶5. (U) The Nicaraguan Navy has seized several vessels
    operating in the area.  Most have been Honduran vessels;
    though two were U.S.-owned (one U.S.-flagged, "Shooting
    Star", and one Honduran-flagged, "Fish Hawk").  According to
    our contacts within the GON and the Nicaraguan Navy, the Navy
    seized both U.S. vessels for not holding valid licenses to
    fish in Nicaraguan waters.  The GON has an established
    process to resolve these types of license violations and has
    assured us that this process applies for both impoundment
    cases involving U.S.-owned ships.  The GON has informed us
    that the resolution process requires that owners (or owners,
    agents) pay specified fines as well as demurrage charges.  An
    alternative would be to fight the seizure and impoundment in
    local court.  We were contacted directly by the American
    Citizen (AmCit) owner of one of the impounded vessels (and by
    the office of Senator David Vitter on behalf of the same
    Amcit owner).  In response to both the direct contact and the
    Congressional inquiry, we identified the two obvious
    alternatives to resolve the situation and relayed the GON's
    basic information about its process.  We also provided the
    AmCit with the Consular Attorneys List, some of whom have
    maritime law experience.

    Colombia a Separate Issue
    - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    ¶6. (U) The Honduras/Nicaragua ICJ ruling is separate from
    another dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia south of the
    15th parallel and east of the 82nd meridian, regarding the
    waters surrounding the San Andres Archipelago that Nicaragua
    claims as within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).  NOTE:
    Decision can be found at
    http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/124/14305 .pdf.  END NOTE.
     On December 13, 2007 the ICJ issued a partial decision in
    this dispute.  The Court ruled that the islands themselves
    were under Colombian sovereignty.  The Court also determined
    that it held competent jurisdiction to rule on the maritime
    delimitation of control over the surrounding waters; however,
    it chose to defer a final determination until after the
    submission of additional pleadings set for November 2008.  In
    issuing its interim decision, the Court also urged both
    parties try to resolve the issue on their own.  To our
    knowledge, no bilateral discussions on this topic have yet
    taken place.

    ¶7. (U) It is important to note that the area awarded to
    Nicaragua in the Nicaraguan/Honduras case does not overlap
    with the waters in dispute in the Nicaragua/Colombia case.
    The two U.S.-owned ships recently impounded by the Nicaraguan
    Navy were seized within the newly-awarded Nicaraguan waters
    just north of the 15th parallel and east of the 82nd
    meridian, which also constitute the working boundaries of the
    disputed Nicaragua/Colombia boundary.  In its decision on the
    Nicaragua-Honduras case the ICJ stated, "The Court . . .
    observes that any delimitation between Honduras and Nicaragua
    extending east beyond the 82nd meridian and north of the 15th
    parallel (as the bisector adopted by the Court would do)
    would not actually prejudice Colombia's rights because
    Colombia's rights under this Treaty do not extend north of
    the 15th parallel."  Therefore, according to the ICJ ruling
    in the Honduras-Nicaragua case, Colombia has no claim north
    of the 15th parallel, which is the area newly-awarded to
    Nicaragua.  Our GON sources inform us, and we have confirmed,
    that the Nicaraguan Navy seizures have all taken place well
    within this new maritime space.  Colombia has no overlapping
    or competing claim in this area, and the two disputes should
    not be confused or conflated, as far as these two impoundment
    are concerned.

    Revised Notice to Mariners Needed
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    ¶8. (U) Since 1994, the Department has had an active Special
    Warning, published in the National Geospatial-Intelligence
    Agency's weekly U.S. Notice to Mariners, warning that
    "Nicaragua has boundary disputes with its neighbors . . ."
    and that "(m)ariners operating small vessels such as yachts
    and fishing boats . . . should exercise caution."  This
    Special Warning was revised in October 1997, and therefore
    makes no mention of the two recent ICJ opinions or
    Nicaragua's newly recognized maritime sovereignty.

    ¶9. (U) Given these recent developments, we have revised our
    CSI two times within the last 12 months and strengthened the
    warning language each time.  The current text -- contained in
    para 12 below -- we submitted to the Department on May 21.

    ACTION REQUEST
    - - - - - - -

    ¶10. (U) ACTION REQUEST:  Post requests that the Department
    consider issuing a new Special Warning published in the U.S.
    Notice to Mariners specific to these separate ICJ decisions
    regarding separate and new maritime delimitation in the
    Caribbean.  We have provided suggested language in paragraph
    11 below.

    ¶11. (U) BEGIN SUGGESTED TEXT FOR U.S. Notice to Mariners
    Nicaragua Special Warning:

    SPECIAL WARNING NO. #.
    NICARAGUA.

    -1. Mariners operating small vessels such as yachts and
    fishing boats should note that Nicaragua has boundary
    disputes with its neighbors in both its Caribbean and Pacific
    waters, and should exercise caution.

    -2. The Caribbean waters lying generally south of the 15th
    parallel and east of the 82nd up to the 79th meridians are
    subject to a current dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia.

    -3. The International Court of Justice has delimited a new
    maritime boundary line awarding maritime sovereignty to the
    Government of Nicaragua in maritime areas previously claimed
    by Honduras above the 15th parallel.  The Nicaraguan Navy is
    patrolling this maritime space, enforcing the requirement
    that fishing vessels hold a valid Nicaraguan fishing license,
    and has seized vessels not in compliance.

    -4. There have been cases where Nicaraguan authorities have
    seized foreign-flagged fishing and other vessels off the
    Nicaraguan coast.  The government of Nicaragua imposes heavy
    fines on parties caught fishing illegally within waters of
    Nicaragua's jurisdiction.

    -5. While in all cases passengers and crew have been released
    within a period of several weeks, in some cases the ships
    have been searched, personal gear and navigational equipment
    has disappeared, and Nicaraguan authorities have held seized
    vessels for excessive periods.  Prompt U.S. Embassy consular
    access to detained U.S. citizens on Nicaragua's Caribbean
    coast may not be possible because of delays in notification
    due to the relative isolation of the region.

    -6. There have been reported incidents of piracy in Caribbean
    and Pacific waters off the coast of Nicaragua, but the
    Nicaraguan Navy has increased its patrols and no recent
    incidents have been reported.

    -7. Cancel Special Warning No. 95.

    END SUGGESTED TEXT.

    ¶12. (U) BEGIN TEXT OF Nicaragua Country Specific Information
    (CSI):

    (Within the Safety and Security Section.)  Nautical travelers
    should be aware that there is an ongoing boundary dispute
    with Colombia over the San Andres Island archipelago and the
    surrounding waters, specifically the area east of the 82nd
    and up to the 79th meridian.  Furthermore, the Government of
    Nicaragua has also begun to exercise sovereignty over
    territorial waters that were formerly controlled by Honduras
    but recently awarded to Nicaragua by the International Court
    of Justice.  Two U.S.-flag fishing vessels were recently
    impounded by Nicaraguan authorities for allegedly fishing
    without a Nicaraguan permit in these zones.

    END TEXT.

    Comment
    - - - -

    ¶13. (SBU) We expect that this problem may continue for
    several months, if not years, as commercial fishers and
    mariners learn that Nicaragua is exercising its control over
    the formerly Honduran-controlled waters north of the 15th
    parallel, and until the dispute with Colombia over waters
    south of parallel 15 and east of meridian 82 is resolved.  We
    responded to inquires about the impounded U.S.-owned vessels
    by providing information about the established GON process to
    resolve these cases.  We believe that the GON will facilitate
    a resolution once it has been contacted by the owners or
    their agents.  We will continue to monitor the progress of
    AmCit efforts to resolve these two seizures, and are prepared
    to step in and assist should the GON deviate from or delay
    the resolution process as it described to us.
    TRIVELLI

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