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### Viewing cable 09OTTAWA452, CANADA SEEKS MORE ANTI-TERRORIST TOOLS

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
09OTTAWA452 | 2009-06-10 20:59 | 2011-04-28 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Ottawa

`

    VZCZCXRO5720
    OO RUEHGA RUEHHA RUEHMT RUEHQU RUEHVC
    DE RUEHOT #0452/01 1612059
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    O 102059Z JUN 09
    FM AMEMBASSY OTTAWA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 9539
    INFO RUCNCAN/ALL CANADIAN POSTS COLLECTIVE PRIORITY

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 OTTAWA 000452

    SENSITIVE

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PTER PGOV PREL CA
    SUBJECT: CANADA SEEKS MORE ANTI-TERRORIST TOOLS

    REF:  A.  OTTAWA 338
    -     B.  OTTAWA 198
    -     C.  OTTAWA 079
    -     D.  08 OTTAWA 1578
    -     E.  08 TORONTO 286
    -     F.  08 TORONTO 114

    ¶1. (SBU) Summary:  The federal government has begun a new
    legislative push to restore two anti-terrorism tools --
    investigative hearings and preventive arrest -- that lapsed in 2007.
     Separately, the government has introduced a bill to allow victims
    of state-sponsored terrorism to sue the perpetrators in Canadian
    courts.  The bill also mandates that the government create a list of
    foreign states that sponsor or support terrorism.  End summary.

    LIBERALS ON SIDE, SECOND TIME AROUND
    ------------------------------------

    ¶2. (U) The federal government is again moving to restore two
    anti-terrorism tools -- investigative hearings and recognizance with
    conditions (preventive arrest) -- that lapsed in February 2007 under
    sunset provisions in the 2001 Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA).  The House
    of Commons began debate on the bill (C-19) to amend the ATA on June
    ¶8.  The bill is the government's third attempt to reinstate the
    provisions, which security officials could use to disrupt imminent
    terrorist attacks or gather information about an attack that had or
    would have been committed.  In debate on June 9, Liberal Public
    Safety critic Mark Holland confirmed that Liberal MPs support the
    government's bid to refer the bill to a lower house committee before
    a late June recess, although they will work to amend it in committee
    better to balance civil rights.  Overall, however, Liberal MP Larry
    Bagnell agreed his caucus is "very supportive of the concepts of the
    bill."

    A BITTER HISTORY
    -----------------

    ¶3. (U) The ATA, which the then-Liberal government brought into law
    in December 2001 in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, included
    investigative hearings and recognizance with conditions.  At the
    time, human rights groups and some politicians claimed that the
    legislation went too far in restraining civil liberties.  As a
    result, the government agreed to a five-year sunset clause on the
    new powers.  In a bitter debate in the House of Commons in February
    2007, Liberal MPs combined with the other opposition parties to
    defeat the minority Conservative government's motion to extend the
    powers.  Then-Liberal Party leader Stephane Dion argued that the
    powers were no longer necessary and posed too great a risk to civil
    liberties.

    ¶4. (U) The Conservatives pledged to restore the powers, calling them
    "important tools" to enable law enforcement agencies to anticipate
    and respond effectively to terrorist threats.  In October 2007, the
    government, unusually, introduced the bill in the Senate rather than
    the lower house.  The government said the tactic reflected its
    desire to de-politicize the issue as well as to draw on the Senate's
    expertise in conducting a mandatory review of the ATA.  The bill
    reinstated the two expired powers in a substantially similar form as
    they had existed in the 2001 ATA, but added new safeguards for civil
    rights.  The Senate passed the legislation on March 6, 2008 and it
    moved to the House of Commons, which was not able to act upon it
    before the dissolution of Parliament for the October 2008 federal
    election.

    ¶5. (U) The re-elected Conservative minority government reintroduced
    the current bill in March 2009, this time in the House of Commons.
    It is almost identical to the previous version, but with the extra
    provision that Commons and Senate committees could conduct a
    comprehensive review of the use or continuing need for the clauses
    (although their recommendations would not be binding on the
    government).
    Qgovernment).

    BALANCING SECURITY WITH CIVIL RIGHTS
    ------------------------------------

    ¶6. (U) Investigative hearings compel a person with information or
    materials about a past or future terrorist offense to appear before
    a judge and answer questions or provide material.  The purpose is to
    gather information, not to prosecute.  The hearings are limited to
    cases where reasonable grounds exist to believe that a terrorism
    offense had been or would be committed.  A police officer must
    obtain the consent of the Attorney General to invoke the tool and
    apply to a provincial court or higher court judge of a superior
    court for an order for the hearing.  The person compelled to appear
    has the right to counsel at any stage of the proceedings.  A witness
    who evades the order, or is deemed by authorities about to abscond,
    can be arrested without warrant and detained for up to thirty days
    for the purpose of giving evidence at the hearing.  The information
    gained from the person cannot be used against him or her in any
    criminal proceeding, except for perjury.  An additional safeguard in

    OTTAWA 00000452  002 OF 003

    the bill requires police to satisfy the judge that "reasonable"
    attempts have been made to obtain the information by other means.

    ¶7. (U) Recognizance with conditions (preventive arrest) gives the
    police the authority to arrest a person without a warrant to disrupt
    nascent terrorist activity and prevent aQ,%>|Qfer.  A detained person must be
    brought before a judge within 24 hours of his/her arrest or "as soon
    as possible" up to a maximum of 72 hours of detention before a
    hearing.  If the judge is satisfied that reasonable grounds for
    suspicion exist, the person could be required to enter into a
    recognizance of conditions or conditional commitment (such as having
    no contact with specified persons).  The person could be imprisoned
    for up to 12 months if he/she refuses to enter into the
    recognizance.

    ¶8. (U) The bill includes another five-year sunset clause for both
    provisions, as well as new annual reporting rules for the Attorney
    General and the Minister of Public Safety to report to Parliament on
    use of the powers, as well as their justification for extending the
    provision.

    ¶9. (U) The two powers were never used when in force between 2001 and
    ¶2007.  In 2004, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled investigative
    hearings constitutional when it upheld an order for a hearing
    arising from the Air India terrorist trial.  However, the hearing
    never took place, as the trial ended before the Court delivered its
    ruling.

    SECURING CONVICTIONS
    --------------------

    ¶10. (U) The government has secured two convictions and one guilty
    plea under the ATA (reftels):

    -- an Ontario court convicted Momin Khawaja in October 2008 of
    participating in terrorist training, financing, and facilitating
    terrorism for his role in a conspiracy to bomb sites in London, U.K.
     In March, the judge sentenced him to ten-and-a-half years
    imprisonment, with no chance of parole for five years.  Khawaja was
    the first Canadian to be charged under the ATA;

    -- a Toronto court convicted one youth (whose identify was publicly
    protected under Canadian laws due to his age) in September 2008 of
    participating in a terrorist activity and sentenced him in May 2009
    to two-and-a-half years imprisonment.  With credit for time served
    since his arrest in June 2006, he was freed immediately, but on
    probation.  Another youth pled guilty in May 2009 to the same charge
    and is awaiting sentencing.  Both were members of the "Toronto 18,"
    whom police arrested in June 2006 for allegedly conspiring to attack
    Parliament and politicians as well as to bomb the Toronto offices of
    CSIS, the RCMP, and CBC.  Police have stayed charges against three
    youths and four adults in the case, but nine other adults are
    awaiting trial; and,

    -- Moroccan-born Said Namouh came to Canada in 2003 and was arrested
    in September 2007.  He is currently in custody pending trial on
    charges of creating and distributing jihad propaganda, and four
    charges related to plotting terror attacks in Canada and Austria.
    His bid to have the propaganda charges against him dropped on the
    grounds that they infringed on his constitutional right to freedom
    of speech failed on June 10, when a Montreal judge upheld the
    constitutionality of the ATA.

    LIFTING STATE IMMUNITY FOR SUPPORTERS OF TERRORISM
    --------------------------------------------- -----

    ¶11. (U) In June, the government introduced a "Justice for Victims of
    Terrorism" bill (C-35) to complement existing counter-terrorism
    QTerrorism" bill (C-35) to complement existing counter-terrorism
    measures and to allow victims of terrorism to sue perpetrators and
    supporters of terrorism.  The proposed bill would lift the immunity
    of foreign states that the government designates as terrorism
    supporters.  The bill also establishes a listing mechanism for state
    sponsors of terror.  If the bill becomes law, the Minister of
    Foreign Affairs, in consultation with the Minister of Public Safety,
    would advise the government on the establishment of the list.

    ¶12. (U) The legislation would allow victims of terrorism who can
    demonstrate a "real and substantial" connection between their case
    and Canada to sue in a Canadian court those foreign states included
    on the government's list.  Plaintiffs would be able to seek redress
    for terrorist acts committed anywhere in the world on, or after, 1
    January 1985.  Successful convictions could result in seizure of
    assets and property.  For claims related to terrorist acts committed
    outside Canada, plaintiffs would have to give the foreign state in
    which the incident occurred "reasonable opportunity" to submit the

    OTTAWA 00000452  003 OF 003

    dispute to arbitration in accordance with accepted international
    rules of arbitration before applying to a Canadian court.  In
    tabling the legislation, Minister of Public Safety Peter Van Loan
    insisted that Canada is sending a "clear message" that perpetrators
    of terrorism and their supporters will be held accountable.

    COMMENT

    ¶13.  (SBU) Thus far, the debate on the ATA amendments has been
    uncontroversial and, crucially, the Liberals appear supportive.
    Debate on C-35 has not yet begun.  Under new leader Michael
    Ignatieff, the Liberals have been careful quietly to support the
    robust Conservative anti-crime agenda in order to deprive the
    Conservatives of a wedge issue in the next election.  Similarly,
    they are unlikely in principle to oppose, or substantially modify,
    the anti-terrorism bills.  The biggest worry now is whether the
    bills -- notably the ATA amendments -- can make it through both
    houses of Parliament before Canada faces another election, in which
    case the draft legislation would again die and the next government
    would face the choice of yet another re-introduction.
    BREESE

`