Cable Viewer

Currently released so far... 12553 / 251,287

### Browse latest releases

2010/11 2010/12 2011/01 2011/02 2011/03 2011/04 2011/05
2010/11/28 2010/11/29 2010/11/30
2010/12/01 2010/12/02 2010/12/03 2010/12/04 2010/12/05 2010/12/06 2010/12/07 2010/12/08 2010/12/09 2010/12/10 2010/12/11 2010/12/12 2010/12/13 2010/12/14 2010/12/15 2010/12/16 2010/12/17 2010/12/18 2010/12/19 2010/12/20 2010/12/21 2010/12/22 2010/12/23 2010/12/24 2010/12/25 2010/12/26 2010/12/27 2010/12/28 2010/12/29 2010/12/30
2011/01/01 2011/01/02 2011/01/04 2011/01/05 2011/01/07 2011/01/09 2011/01/10 2011/01/11 2011/01/12 2011/01/13 2011/01/14 2011/01/15 2011/01/16 2011/01/17 2011/01/18 2011/01/19 2011/01/20 2011/01/21 2011/01/22 2011/01/23 2011/01/24 2011/01/25 2011/01/26 2011/01/27 2011/01/28 2011/01/29 2011/01/30 2011/01/31
2011/02/01 2011/02/02 2011/02/03 2011/02/04 2011/02/05 2011/02/06 2011/02/07 2011/02/08 2011/02/09 2011/02/10 2011/02/11 2011/02/12 2011/02/13 2011/02/14 2011/02/15 2011/02/16 2011/02/17 2011/02/18 2011/02/19 2011/02/20 2011/02/21 2011/02/22 2011/02/23 2011/02/24 2011/02/25 2011/02/26 2011/02/27 2011/02/28
2011/03/01 2011/03/02 2011/03/03 2011/03/04 2011/03/05 2011/03/06 2011/03/07 2011/03/08 2011/03/09 2011/03/10 2011/03/11 2011/03/13 2011/03/14 2011/03/15 2011/03/16 2011/03/17 2011/03/18 2011/03/19 2011/03/20 2011/03/21 2011/03/22 2011/03/23 2011/03/24 2011/03/25 2011/03/26 2011/03/27 2011/03/28 2011/03/29 2011/03/30 2011/03/31
2011/04/01 2011/04/02 2011/04/03 2011/04/04 2011/04/05 2011/04/06 2011/04/07 2011/04/08 2011/04/09 2011/04/10 2011/04/11 2011/04/12 2011/04/13 2011/04/14 2011/04/15 2011/04/16 2011/04/17 2011/04/18 2011/04/19 2011/04/20 2011/04/21 2011/04/22 2011/04/23 2011/04/24 2011/04/25 2011/04/26 2011/04/27 2011/04/28 2011/04/29 2011/04/30
2011/05/01 2011/05/02 2011/05/03 2011/05/04 2011/05/05 2011/05/06 2011/05/07 2011/05/08 2011/05/09 2011/05/10 2011/05/11 2011/05/12

### Browse by creation date

66 72 73 75 79 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 96 97 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
1966/12
1972/02 1972/08
1973/04
1975/03
1979/08
1985/03 1985/06
1986/05
1987/06
1988/01
1989/12
1990/01 1990/07 1990/08 1990/10
1991/05
1992/01 1992/06 1992/12
1993/10
1996/11
1997/12
2000/05 2000/06 2000/09 2000/11
2001/02 2001/03 2001/06 2001/07 2001/09 2001/10 2001/11
2002/01 2002/02 2002/03 2002/04 2002/07 2002/08 2002/09 2002/11
2003/01 2003/02 2003/03 2003/04 2003/05 2003/06 2003/07 2003/08 2003/09 2003/10 2003/11 2003/12
2004/01 2004/02 2004/03 2004/04 2004/05 2004/06 2004/07 2004/08 2004/09 2004/10 2004/11 2004/12
2005/01 2005/02 2005/03 2005/04 2005/05 2005/06 2005/07 2005/08 2005/09 2005/10 2005/11 2005/12
2006/01 2006/02 2006/03 2006/04 2006/05 2006/06 2006/07 2006/08 2006/09 2006/10 2006/11 2006/12
2007/01 2007/02 2007/03 2007/04 2007/05 2007/06 2007/07 2007/08 2007/09 2007/10 2007/11 2007/12
2008/01 2008/02 2008/03 2008/04 2008/05 2008/06 2008/07 2008/08 2008/09 2008/10 2008/11 2008/12
2009/01 2009/02 2009/03 2009/04 2009/05 2009/06 2009/07 2009/08 2009/09 2009/10 2009/11 2009/12
2010/01 2010/02

### Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
Embassy Athens Embassy Asuncion Embassy Astana Embassy Asmara Embassy Ashgabat Embassy Apia Embassy Ankara Embassy Amman Embassy Algiers Embassy Addis Ababa Embassy Accra Embassy Abuja Embassy Abu Dhabi Embassy Abidjan Consulate Auckland Consulate Amsterdam Consulate Adana American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embassy Bujumbura Embassy Buenos Aires Embassy Budapest Embassy Bucharest Embassy Brussels Embassy Bridgetown Embassy Bratislava Embassy Brasilia Embassy Bogota Embassy Bishkek Embassy Bern Embassy Berlin Embassy Belmopan Embassy Belgrade Embassy Beirut Embassy Beijing Embassy Banjul Embassy Bangkok Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan Embassy Bamako Embassy Baku Embassy Baghdad Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Copenhagen Embassy Conakry Embassy Colombo Embassy Chisinau Embassy Caracas Embassy Canberra Embassy Cairo Consulate Curacao Consulate Ciudad Juarez Consulate Chennai Consulate Casablanca Consulate Cape Town Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe Embassy Dublin Embassy Doha Embassy Djibouti Embassy Dili Embassy Dhaka Embassy Dar Es Salaam Embassy Damascus Embassy Dakar Consulate Dubai
Embassy Freetown Consulate Fukuoka
Embassy Guatemala Embassy Gaborone Consulate Guayaquil Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki Embassy Harare Embassy Hanoi Consulate Ho Chi Minh City Consulate Hermosillo Consulate Hamilton Consulate Hamburg Consulate Halifax
Iran RPO Dubai Embassy Islamabad Consulate Istanbul
Embassy Jakarta Consulate Jerusalem Consulate Jeddah
Embassy Kyiv Embassy Kuwait Embassy Kuala Lumpur Embassy Kinshasa Embassy Kingston Embassy Kigali Embassy Khartoum Embassy Kathmandu Embassy Kampala Embassy Kabul Consulate Kolkata
Embassy Luxembourg Embassy Luanda Embassy London Embassy Ljubljana Embassy Lisbon Embassy Lima Embassy Lilongwe Embassy La Paz Consulate Lahore Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE Mission USNATO Mission UNESCO Embassy Muscat Embassy Moscow Embassy Montevideo Embassy Monrovia Embassy Minsk Embassy Mexico Embassy Mbabane Embassy Maputo Embassy Manila Embassy Manama Embassy Managua Embassy Malabo Embassy Madrid Consulate Munich Consulate Mumbai Consulate Montreal Consulate Monterrey Consulate Milan Consulate Melbourne
Embassy Nicosia Embassy Niamey Embassy New Delhi Embassy Ndjamena Embassy Nassau Embassy Nairobi Consulate Naples Consulate Naha
Embassy Ouagadougou Embassy Ottawa Embassy Oslo
Embassy Pristina Embassy Pretoria Embassy Prague Embassy Port Of Spain Embassy Port Louis Embassy Port Au Prince Embassy Phnom Penh Embassy Paris Embassy Paramaribo Embassy Panama Consulate Peshawar
Embassy Quito Consulate Quebec
REO Basrah Embassy Rome Embassy Riyadh Embassy Riga Embassy Reykjavik Embassy Rangoon Embassy Rabat Consulate Rio De Janeiro Consulate Recife
Secretary of State Embassy Suva Embassy Stockholm Embassy Sofia Embassy Skopje Embassy Singapore Embassy Seoul Embassy Sarajevo Embassy Santo Domingo Embassy Santiago Embassy Sanaa Embassy San Salvador Embassy San Jose Consulate Strasbourg Consulate St Petersburg Consulate Shenyang Consulate Shanghai Consulate Sapporo Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis Embassy Tripoli Embassy Tokyo Embassy The Hague Embassy Tel Aviv Embassy Tehran Embassy Tegucigalpa Embassy Tbilisi Embassy Tashkent Embassy Tallinn Consulate Toronto Consulate Tijuana
USUN New York USEU Brussels US Office Almaty US Mission Geneva US Interests Section Havana US Delegation, Secretary UNVIE Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius Embassy Vienna Embassy Vatican Embassy Valletta Consulate Vladivostok Consulate Vancouver
Embassy Windhoek Embassy Wellington Embassy Warsaw
Embassy Yerevan Embassy Yaounde
Embassy Zagreb

### Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
APECO ASEC AMGT AFIN APER ACABQ AORC AEMR AF AE AR AGMT AU AY ABLD AS AG AJ APCS AX AM AMEX ATRN ADM AMED AFGHANISTAN AZ AL ASUP AND ARM ASEAN AFFAIRS AQ ATFN AMBASSADOR AODE APEC ACBAQ AFSI AFSN AO ABUD AC ADPM ADCO ASIG ARF AUC ASEX AGAO AA AER AVERY AGRICULTURE AIT AADP ASCH AORL AROC ACOA ANET AID AMCHAMS AINF AMG AFU AN ALOW ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG ACS ADANA AECL ACAO AORG AGR
BEXP BR BM BG BL BA BTIO BO BP BC BILAT BK BU BD BRUSSELS BB BF BBSR BIDEN BX BE BH BT BY BMGT BWC BTIU BN
CA CASC CFED CO CH CS CU CE CI CM CMGT CJAN COM CG CIS CVIS CR CKGR CHR CVR COUNTER CIA CLINTON CY CPAS CD CBW COUNTERTERRORISM CITEL CDG CW CODEL COUNTRY CLEARANCE COE CN CARICOM CB CONDOLEEZZA CWC CACS CSW CIDA CIC CITT CONS CL CACM CDB CDC CAN CF CJUS CTM CBSA CARSON CT CLMT CBC CEUDA CV COPUOS CTR CROS CAPC CAC CNARC CICTE CBE
DA DR DHS DPRK DEPT DEA DISENGAGEMENT DE DJ DOMESTIC DOD DOE DTRA DS DEFENSE DEAX DAO DCM DO DK
ECON ETRD EIND ENRG EC ELAB EAGR EAID EFIS EFIN EINV EUN EG EPET EAIR EU ELTN EWWT ECIN ERD EI ETTC EUR EN EZ ETC ENVI EMIN ET ENVR ER ECPS EINT EAP ES ENIV ECONOMY EXTERNAL EINN EFTA ECONOMIC EPA EXBS ECA ELN ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS ENGR ECUN ENGY ECONOMICS ELECTIONS EIAR EINDETRD EREL EUC ECONEFIN EURN EDU ETRDEINVTINTCS ECIP ENERG EFIM EAIDS EK ETRDECONWTOCS EINVETC ECONCS EUNCH ESA ECINECONCS EUREM ESENV EFINECONCS ETRC ENNP EAIG EXIM EEPET EINVECONSENVCSJA EUMEM ETRA ERNG ETRO ETRN EINVEFIN
FI FR FJ FAO FTAA FM FINR FAC FBI FREEDOM FOR FINANCE FTA FARC FOI FMLN FDA FOREIGN FO FISO FAS
GM GG GA GY GT GAERC GOV GE GZ GR GOI GV GH GAZA GANGS GCC GTIP GLOBAL GERARD GTMO GL GF
HR HA HO HU HILLARY HK HI HURI HUMAN HSTC HEBRON HYMPSK HUMOR
ICTY IN IS IR IC IZ IA INTERPOL IAEA IT IMO IO IV ID IRAQI IEA INRB IL IWC ITU ICAO ISRAELI ICRC IIP IMF IBRD ISLAMISTS ITALY ITALIAN ILO IPR IQ IRS IAHRC IZPREL IRAJ IDP ILC ITF ICJ IF ITPHUM INMARSAT ISRAEL IACI IBET ITRA INR IRC IDA ICTR IGAD INRA INRO IEFIN INTELSAT INTERNAL INDO ITPGOV
JA JO JUS JAMES JP JOSEPH JM JOHNNIE JOHN
KWMN KSCA KDEM KTFN KIPR KCRM KPAL KE KPAO KPKO KS KN KISL KFRD KJUS KIRF KFLO KG KTIP KTER KRCM KTIA KGHG KIRC KU KPRP KMCA KMPI KSEO KNNP KZ KNEI KCOR KOMC KCFC KSTC KMDR KFLU KSAF KSEP KSAC KR KGIC KSUM KWBG KCIP KDRG KOLY KAWC KCHG KHDP KRVC KBIO KAWK KGCC KHLS KBCT KPLS KREL KCFE KMFO KV KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KFTFN KVPR KTDB KSPR KIDE KVRP KTEX KBTR KTRD KICC KCOM KO KLIG KDEMAF KMRS KRAD KOCI KSTH KUNR KNSD KGIT KFSC KHIV KPAI KICA KACT KHUM KREC KSEC KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KCMR KPIN KESS KDEV KNAR KNUC KPWR KENV KWWMN KWMNCS KPRV KOM KBTS KCRS KNPP KWNM KRFD KVIR KTBT KAID KRIM KDDG KRGY KHSA KWMM KMOC KSCI KPAK KX KPAONZ KCGC KID KPOA KIFR KFIN KWAC KOMS KCRCM KNUP KMIG KNNPMNUC KERG KTLA KCSY KJUST
LY LE LH LTTE LG LO LI LAB LOG LT LU LABOR LA
MOPS MARR MASS MNUC MX MCAP MO MR MI MD MK MA MP MY MTCRE MOPPS MASC MIL MTS MLS MILI MAR MU MEPN MAPP MTCR MEPI MZ MEETINGS MG MW MAS MT MCC MIK ML MARAD MV MERCOSUR MTRE MPOS MEPP MILITARY MDC MQADHAFI MUCN MRCRE MAPS MEDIA MASSMNUC MC
NZ NZUS NL NU NATO NP NO NIPP NE NH NR NA NPT NI NSF NG NSG NAFTA NC NDP NEW NRR NATIONAL NT NS NASA NAR NV NORAD NSSP NK NPA NGO NSC NATOPREL NW NPG NSFO
OPDC OTRA OIIP OREP OVIP OSCE OEXC OIE OPRC OAS OPIC OTR OMIG OSAC OFFICIALS OECD OSCI OBSP OFDA OPCW ODIP OFDP OES OPAD OCII OHUM OVP ON OIC OCS
PHUM PREL PGOV PINR PTER PARM PREF PM PE PINS PK PHSA PBTS PRGOV PA PORG PP PS PGOF PL PO PARMS PKFK PSOE PEPR PAK POL PPA PINT PMAR PRELP PREFA PALESTINIAN PBIO PINF PNG PMIL PFOR PUNE PGOVLO PAO POLITICS PHUMBA PSEPC PTBS PCUL PROP PNAT PNR POLINT PGOVE PROG PHALANAGE PARTY PDEM PECON PROV PHUMPREL PGOC PY PCI PLN PDOV PREO PGIV PHUH PAS PU POGOV PF PINL POV PAHO PRL PG PRAM POLITICAL PARTIES POLICY PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGGV PHUS PSA PHUMPGOV PEL PSI PAIGH POSTS PBT PTERE
QA
RS RU RW RM RO RP REGION RSP RF RICE RCMP RFE RIGHTS RIGHTSPOLMIL ROBERT RUPREL RELATIONS ROOD REACTION RSO REPORT
SENV SNAR SCUL SR SC SOCI SMIG SI SP SU SO SW SY SA SZ SAN SF SN STEINBERG SG ST SIPDIS SNARIZ SNARN SSA SK SPCVIS SOFA SAARC SL SEVN SARS SIPRS SHUM SANC SWE SHI SYR SNARCS SPCE SYRIA SEN SH SCRS SENVKGHG
TRGY TSPL TPHY TSPA TBIO TI TW THPY TX TU TS TZ TC TH TT TIP TO TERRORISM TRSY TINT TN TURKEY TBID TL TV TNGD TD TF TP TFIN TAGS TK TR
UNSC UK UNGA UN US UNHRC UG UP UNMIK UNHCR UE USTR UNVIE UAE UZ UY UNO UNESCO USEU USOAS UV UNODC UNCHS UNFICYP UNEP UNIDROIT UNDESCO UNDP UNPUOS UNC UNAUS USUN UNCHC UNCHR UNCND UNICEF UNCSD UNDC USNC USPS USAID
VZ VE VT VM VTPREL VN VTIZ VAT VC VTEG VI
WTRO WHO WBG WB WWARD WHA WS WITH WI WIPO WTO WTRQ WHTI WEU WZ WFP WMD WMO WA
XK XG XA XW XL XM XV XF XC XB XU XR XT XZ XH XE XX XQ XS XD XTAG XI XY
YM YI YE YMCS
ZI ZF ZU ZP ZR ZEALAND ZN ZL ZB ZA ZK ZOELLICK ZO ZANU ZJ

### Browse by classification

CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL//NOFORN SECRET SECRET//NOFORN UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

### Community resources

Follow us on Twitter Check our Reddit Twitter this Digg this page Contact us on IRC

courage is contagious

### Viewing cable 09SAOPAULO602, SAO PAULO EXPERTS DETAIL CONTINUING HUMAN RIGHTS

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:

- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.

To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #09SAOPAULO602.

Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
09SAOPAULO602 | 2009-10-13 18:24 | 2011-02-16 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Consulate Sao Paulo

`

    VZCZCXRO8883
    RR RUEHRG
    DE RUEHSO #0602/01 2861824
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    R 131824Z OCT 09
    FM AMCONSUL SAO PAULO
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 9682
    INFO RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 0814
    RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 4439
    RUEHRI/AMCONSUL RIO DE JANEIRO 9280
    RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 3665
    RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION 0050
    RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO 2977
    RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO 0048
    RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ 4157

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 SAO PAULO 000602

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR WHA/BSC, DRL, INR/IAA, INR/R/AA
    USAID FOR LAC/AA

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PGOV PHUM SOCI SCUL PREL BR

    SUBJECT: SAO PAULO EXPERTS DETAIL CONTINUING HUMAN RIGHTS
    CHALLENGES

    REF:
    (A) 09 SAO PAULO 309
    (B) 09 SAO PAULO 182
    (C) 08 SAO PAULO 119

    ¶1. (U) Summary: Forced labor, lack of land titles, Trafficking in Persons (TIP), the pace of justice and poor prison conditions emerged as recurring themes in an extensive round of recent meetings with Sao Paulo (SP) human rights experts. While contacts cited improvements --a rise in the number of anti-discrimination lawsuits, efforts to promote sustainable mining, and SP state-level judges' response to anti-TIP training -- they also underscored continuing challenges in Brazil's human rights situation. In particular, they cited the confluence of environmental damage and forced labor in the Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal and discrimination against Afro-Brazilians. End summary.

    ¶2. (U) Brasilia Laboff and Sao Paulo Poloff met with the following NGO representatives from the Sao Paulo human rights community from September 30 to October 2: Leonardo Sakamoto, Reporter Brazil (RB, anti-forced labor); Damiani Mistier, ETHOS (corporate social responsibility); Amarillo Bolito, Social Observatory (OS, forced labor); Daniela Perutti, Pro-Indigenous Commission (CPI); Heidi Ann Cerneka, National Prison Ministry (NPC); Analia Ribeiro, Sao Paulo State anti-TIP Office; Marco Antonio Zito Alvarenga, Brazilian Bar Association's Afro-Brazilian and Anti-Discriminatory Issues Commission (CONAD); Priscilla Siqueira, Service for Marginalized Women (SMM, anti-TIP), and Marcos Fuchs of Conectas (a general human rights NGO that focuses on access to justice and prison conditions). The meetings provided some encouraging news as well as an overview of serious ongoing concerns in the human rights community.

    RURAL HOTSPOTS: DEFORESTATION/FORCED LABOR GO HAND IN HAND

    ¶3. (U) Clashes between indigenous communities, locals and agribusiness continue in Brazil's interior, particularly in the Amazon (in the states of Amazonas and Para), Cerrado(Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Piaui) and the Pantanal(Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), according to Pro-Indigenous and Reporter Brazil reps (Ref A). Baixo Xingu in Para state, for example, ranks first in Labor Ministry releases of workers from "slave-like conditions" in agriculture, according to Reporter Brazil's Leonardo Sakamoto.

    A MULTI-STAGE PROCESS

    ¶4. (U) Both Reporter Brazil and Pro-Indigenous representatives described how deforestation and forced labor go hand-in-hand, laying the conditions for exploitation of unsettled rural regions. First, big agriculturalists bring in forced labor to cut down the forest and plant soy and rice. This "softens up" the land for later use as pasture for cattle ranching. In response to this challenge, Pro-Indigenous has launched educational campaigns in indigenous and Afro-Brazilian (quilombo) communities to teach them to not only how to cope with environmental changes, such as erratic rainfall, but also how steps they can take to prevent further damage from deforestation.

    RUMBLINGS IN THE AUTO SECTOR AND BAD NEWS IN BAUXITE

    ¶5. (U) Contacts told Laboff and Poloff that forced labor remains a problem in two other areas: the auto manufacturing supply chain and aluminum mining. Child labor is frequently used in the production of charcoal, used to make pig iron, according to RB's Sakamoto and Social Observatory's Amarildo Dudu Bolito. NGO leaders complain that the auto industry is "in denial" about this issue. Sakamoto said he had raised this question with U.S. auto manufacturers (Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler) during a recent visit to the United States. They referred him to Brazilian authorities, who did not respond. Only Mercedes Benz has shown a willingness to address the issue, according to Bolito. Forced labor also occurs in bauxite mining in Para and Maranhao states, according to OS. Some companies are reexamining their practices. Bolito said that the Alcoa-owned Juruti mine in Para, for example, has led in promoting sustainable mining that minimizes environmental damage.

     DOUBLE WHAMMY: LAND TITLES/TIP AND AFRO-BRAZILIANS

    ¶6. (U) According to CPI's Daniela Perutti, Brazil hosts roughly two thousand quilombo (Afro-descendants of escaped slaves known in the U.S. as maroon) communities who find their greatest challenge in the lack of documentation for their lands. Clear property titles are often these communities' first step in receiving public services

    SAO PAULO 00000602 002 OF 003

    (electricity, education, health centers). Brazilian law recognizes the quilomobolos' (as inhabitants are known) rights to obtain legal title to their land holdings by working through the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA). Despite this, many communities still have not gotten either federal or state land titles. At the same time, agricultural interests, like the Landowners Movement (Movimento com Terra) backed by Senator Valdir Collato from Santa Catarina, have vigorously challenged the quilombos' land claims.

    ¶7. (U) Due to their poverty, CPI told Laboff and Poloff, that quilombo communities are also targets for human traffickers. Maroon women and girls are trafficked and prostituted inside Brazil. Both NGOs and the government have been attempting to reduce the amount of child prostitution on the highways between Sao Paulo and Curitiba where forty thousand vehicles pass daily.

    ¶8. (U) Despite unequal access to employment, education, legal and health services, several NGOs cited the increased number of anti-discrimination lawsuits brought against businesses in labor courts as a key area of progress on race issues. According to Mistieri of ETHOS and Marco Antonio Zito Alvarenga of CONAD, there were only nine such lawsuits between 1951 and 1996, but now 356 such cases are pending, including cases of religious discrimination.

    TIP: LEGAL TRAINING/ EDUCATION

    ¶9. (U) Brazil still needs specific anti-TIP legislation, according to Analia Ribeiro of SP State's anti-TIP office. Nonetheless, recent changes to the penal code (which raise fines for forced labor violators, define victims more broadly and recognize trafficking within Brazil as a crime) make the offense easier to prosecute. Anti-TIP activists are pushing a draft TIP law they hope to present to Congress. In the meantime, Sao Paulo State's TIP office has focused on training judges. Ribeiro noted that the state judges are more willing to prosecute TIP cases under existing law than their federal counterparts, who believe that the law is currently too vague to have a successful prosecution.

    ¶9. (U) Meanwhile, the NGO community is using public education to fight TIP. SMM works with academia, state/federal government and other NGOs to design strategies for TIP-prevention campaigns. According to SMM's Siqueira, 83 percent of trafficking victims from Brazil are female (the majority of African descent) and 80 percent are trafficked for sexual exploitation. Brazil is also a destination country for trafficked women and girls from Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay and Korea. Many foreign female workers who find employment in the garment industry of Sao Paulo are also often sexually exploited.

    JUSTICE DELAYS, HORRIFIC PRISON CONDITIONS

    ¶10. (U) Contacts underscored that the right to a speedy trial does not exist for many Brazilians. In cases of "minor crimes" like low-level drug trafficking, petty theft and robbery, the accused are held an average of three months before going before a judge, according to Conectas' Marcus Fuchs. For homicides, they can be held up to three years. Heidi Ann Cerneka of the National Prison Ministry (NPC) stated that the problem is exacerbated by the fact that many impoverished Brazilians cannot get legal assistance. Conectas runs a program to link accused persons with lawyers. In addition, the group is working to foster a pro-bono culture among Brazilian lawyers, who generally do not embrace the concept of offering free services. Finally, both Fuchs and Cerneka complained that almost all of Brazil's prisons and jails are overcrowded and substandard, with inadequate provisions for hygiene, medical attention or rehabilitation. Both experts cited Espirito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul and Rondonia as states with the worst facilities.

    COMMENT: SOME PROGRESS BUT SIGNIFICANT HURDLES REMAIN

    ¶11. (U) Many Brazilians still suffer from a variety of human rights-related problems. The Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal, where deforestation and forced labor dovetail as part of a tug-of-war between local populations and agribusiness, are a particular concern. In addition, Afro-Brazilians face multiple challenges. The experts cited them as victims in every kind of exploitation discussed (forced labor, lack of land titles, TIP, poor access to legal assistance, etc.), a fact that only underscores the importance

    SAO PAULO 00000602 003 OF 003

    of the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan for the Elimination of Racism (JAPER). Contacts overwhelmingly agreed it will take a combination of targeted government action, civil society engagement, and shifts in cultural attitudes to address Brazil's most serious lapses in human rights.

    ¶12. (U) This cable was coordinated/cleared by Embassy Brasilia.

    WHITE

`