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### Viewing cable 05SANJOSE2249, COSTA RICA'S POSITION PAPER ON THE BORDER DISPUTE

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05SANJOSE2249 | 2005-09-28 10:13 | 2011-03-08 16:00 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy San Jose

Appears in these articles:
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-07/Investigacion/NotasDestacadas/Investigacion2704388.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-07/Investigacion/NotaPrincipal/Investigacion2704402.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-07/Investigacion/NotasSecundarias/Investigacion2704436.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-07/Investigacion/NotasSecundarias/Investigacion2705536.aspx

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 SAN JOSE 002249

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/27/2015
    TAGS: PBTS PREL PINR ETRD CS NU
    SUBJECT: COSTA RICA'S POSITION PAPER ON THE BORDER DISPUTE

    REF: A. SAN JOSE 02131

         ¶B. SAN JOSE 01746

    Classified By: Charge Russell L. Frisbie for reasons 1.4 (b) and (d)

     ¶1. (C) While Costa Rican Foreign Minister Roberto Tovar and
    Nicaraguan Foreign Minister Norman Caldera met in San Jose
    September 27 to discuss the San Juan River border dispute,
    the Costa Rican MFA sent the following position paper to the
    U.S. and British (as current EU president) embassies.  The
    paper is not for release to the GON or to the public.

    Begin Text:

    Outline

    ¶1.  Article 6 of the 1858 Treaty of Limits between Costa Rica
    and Nicaragua establishes that Nicaragua has the sovereignty
    and ownership of the San Juan River, but Costa Rica has on
    its waters the perpetual right of free navigation for
    purposes of commerce.

    ¶2.  In this regard, Costa Rica acknowledges that:

    a.  The San Juan River belongs to Nicaragua.
    b.  Nicaragua possesses the sovereignty on the River.

    ¶3.  However, Costa Rica has rights on that River, which
    Nicaragua does not recognize.  Some of those Costa Rican
    rights are:

    a.  the obligation (for Nicaragua) to allow Costa Rican boats
    and their passengers to navigate freely and without
    impediment on the San Juan River for commercial purposes,
    including the transportation of passengers and tourism;

    b.  the obligation (for Nicaragua) not to impose any charges
    or fees on Costa Rican boats and their passengers for
    navigating on the River;

    c.  the obligation (for Nicaragua) to allow Costa Rica the
    right to navigate the San Juan River in official boats for
    supply purposes, exchange of personnel of the border posts
    along the right bank of the San Juan River, with their
    official equipment, including the necessary arms and
    ammunitions, and for the purposes of protection, as
    established in the pertinent instruments.

    ¶4.  In light of the evident differences in the positions
    sustained by both countries, which have not been able to be
    resolved by diplomatic means, or through the peaceful dispute
    settlement mechanisms, the most adequate alternative among
    peace loving and respectful nations is to submit the issue
    before the International Court of Justice.  In this regard,
    the Government of Nicaragua itself has expressed that "...the
    recourse of the peaceful mechanisms to resolve disputes
    between states is neither a hostile nor an unfriendly act.
    On the contrary, the recourse to the International Court of
    Justice is totally in accordance with the will of nations to
    live in peace, security and harmony".

    ¶5.  Costa Rica is forced to present the application to the
    International Court of Justice before the 23rd of October,
    due to the fact that Nicaragua has presented a reservation to
    the Court's Jurisdiction which excludes the main legal
    instruments upon which Costa Rica bases its case.

    ¶6.  To implement a "tax" to the Costa Rican exports to
    Nicaragua, as has been announced by Nicaraguan legislators,
    is not a valid reaction to the peaceful resolution of
    differences and does not conform to today's international
    realities.  The consequences of such action could be:

    a.  The stagnation of the Association Agreement between
    Central America and the European Union.
    b.  The stagnation of the Central American Customs
    Integration.
    c.  May jeopardize the CAFTA, which does not allow this type
    of measure.
    d.  Might put in danger the survival of medium and small
    Costa Rican and Nicaraguan businesses, including the loss of
    jobs.

    ¶7.  There is no possibility to extend the Alajuela 2002
    agreement.  The international advisors have indicated that we
    could jeopardize our rights, since for 3 more years Costa
    Rica would not be able to exercise them.

    ¶8.  Costa Rica is willing to take the case to arbitration, if
    Nicaragua accepts it.

    End text

    ¶2. (C) MFA adviser Sergio Ugalde stressed to acting DCM that
    there is no possibility of extending the three-year truce
    (point 7 in the position paper) because the legal and
    political risks are unacceptable.  He said that the legal
    risk is that Costa Rica would be accepting through
    acquiescence that it has no right of free navigation on the
    San Juan.  The political risk, he said, is that Tovar would
    be driven out of office.  He noted that 11 members of the
    Legislative Assembly wrote Tovar a letter on September 22
    urging a tough GOCR stance on the San Juan, and that former
    foreign minister Rodrigo Madrigal Nieto lambasted Tovar in a
    September 24 op-ed piece for signing the three-year truce in
    the first place.
    ¶3. (C) Ugalde said the MFA rejects the notion that Costa
    Rica's going to the ICJ will cause the Bolanos government to
    fall, noting that the GOCR has been Bolanos's biggest
    supporter.  Ugalde claimed that the GON's strategy is to
    "play the crisis card" to get what they want, but no one has
    demonstrated how or whether a case before the ICJ, where
    Nicaragua has already filed a motion, will affect the balance
    of political forces in Nicaragua.
    FRISBIE

`