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### Viewing cable 08SANJOSE146, TOOLS FOR A GREEN ISLAND: ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENT AND

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
08SANJOSE146 | 2008-02-22 17:05 | 2011-04-18 20:08 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy San Jose

`

    VZCZCXRO5032
    RR RUEHAO RUEHGR RUEHHT
    DE RUEHSJ #0146/01 0531709
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    R 221709Z FEB 08
    FM AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 9461
    RUEHKG/AMEMBASSY KINGSTON 0807
    INFO RUEHME/AMEMBASSY MEXICO 4619
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA 4199
    RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 1111
    RUEHAO/AMCONSUL CURACAO 0069
    RUEHWN/AMEMBASSY BRIDGETOWN 0792
    RUEHHT/AMCONSUL HAMILTON 0023
    RUEHBH/AMEMBASSY NASSAU 0258
    RUEHDG/AMEMBASSY SANTO DOMINGO 1583
    RUEHGR/AMEMBASSY GRENADA 0018
    RUEHPU/AMEMBASSY PORT AU PRINCE 0572
    RUEHPO/AMEMBASSY PARAMARIBO 0333
    RUEHSP/AMEMBASSY PORT OF SPAIN 0467
    RUEHUB/USINT HAVANA 0036
    RUEHZA/WHA CENTRAL AMERICAN COLLECTIVE

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 SAN JOSE 000146

    SIPDIS

    STATE PLEASE PASS TO AID
    AID FOR JGARRISON
    KINGSTON PLEASE PASS TO NCARTER AND JHARMON

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: SENV EAID ENRG JM
    SUBJECT:  TOOLS FOR A GREEN ISLAND:  ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENT AND
    DEVELOPMENT in JAMAICA

    REF: 07 STATE 30914

    ¶1.  SUMMARY.  While in Kingston October 21-24, 2007, REO met with
    UNEP, GOJ environmental officials, and U.S. Mission environmental
    partners to discuss priorities and potential tools.  UNEP's Franklin
    Macdonald shared his views on WW2BW's future.  Jamaica's National
    Environment and Planning Agency flagged gaps in land planning
    expertise in seeking to mitigate the impact of development on the
    environment.  AID reviewed on-going environment and poverty
    alleviation projects.  Although this report is dated, we believe the
    information is still of interest, applicable in 2008 and thus useful
    to readers.  See opportunities for cooperation, para 13.  END
    SUMMARY.

    ¶2.  REO visited Jamaica October 21-24, 2007.  Valuable meetings with
    Econoff Nathan Carter and the AID environmental delegation
    highlighted changing priorities in the U.S.-Jamaica bilateral
    environmental relationship.  REO met with United National
    Environmental Program (UNEP) official Franklin MacDonald and (by
    phone) future hire Maria Plotz to discuss their thinking on White
    Water to Blue Water.  REO reviewed priorities with National
    Environment and Planning Agency officials Winsome Townsend and
    Sheries Simpson, and discussed implementation of Jamaica's
    Enterprise of the Americas Initiative and Tropical Forest
    Conservation Act funds.

    White Water to Blue Water:  Ideas for Moving Forward
    --------------------------------------------- -------

    ¶3.  REO met with Franklin Macdonald, White Water to Blue Water
    co-chair.  (WW2BW is a public-private partnership to promote
    integrated management of watershed and marine resources for the
    Greater Caribbean area.)  He viewed WW2BW's most important
    accomplishment as providing "definition" to environmental efforts,
    promoting a regional grasp of problems and strategies for integrated
    watershed management and marine resource efforts.  MacDonald
    expected that energy would be generated by the launch of a new
    website and 2008 Year of the Reef activities.

    ¶4.  Macdonald hoped that the proposed Regional Center for Small
    Island Developing States, slated for Barbados, would provide
    secretarial backing to WW2BW, but this entity has not materialized.

    SIPDIS
    In order to ensure routine follow-up to inquiries, public outreach,
    and coordination, MacDonald said he would continue to serve as
    co-chair but will reduce his hours in order to bring on board
    part-time Maria Protz of the grassroots Jamaican NGO Friends of the
    Sea.  He also sought to enlist the three Cartegena Convention for
    the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the
    Wider Caribbean Region (Cartagena Convention) Regional Action
    Centers (RACs) to take on the responsibility for guiding the four
    thematic groups (Marine Transport, Land-based Sources of Pollution,
    Protected Areas, and Sustainable Tourism).  These will be able to
    coordinate WW2BW with other regional efforts deliver a degree of
    secretarial support.  Macdonald is uncertain whether existing

    SIPDIS
    thematic groups would continue.

    ¶5.  He and Protz recognized the need for local ownership of WW2BW.
    Although WW2BW committees no longer meet regularly in many countries
    due in part to competing priorities and departure of personnel, they
    welcomed continued interest from organizations and private interests
    in the region.  Macdonald recommended that, in countries where
    national WW2BW teams are no longer functioning, an interested
    organization be recruited to serve as a focal point - in Bahamas,
    for example, the quasi-NGO Bahamas National Trust might be sounded
    out.  The prospective Friends of WW2BW might help generate private
    sector support, and Macdonald and Protz pointed to interest from
    major donors like the regional cellphone company Digicel.

    ¶6.  Protz questioned whether WW2BW had the profile, staff and
    contacts to be able to tap deep pockets of major donors with its
    current resources.  She recommended that WW2BW consider whether it
    should invest instead in outreach to small and medium scale

    SAN JOSE 00000146  002 OF 004

    enterprises, serving as a broker between smaller companies looking
    to partner with reputable community-based organizations or NGOS on
    issues of common interest.  In order to boost its profile, she
    recommended that, in the short term, approximately ten kits on WW2BW
    (a banner, hand-out materials, and a continuous power point
    presentation) be prepared to equip a booth on WW2BW at regional
    conferences.

    Development Pressures
    ---------------------

    ¶7.  Conversations on environmental issues confronting Jamaica
    focused on addressing the environmental consequences of development.
     This marked a change from REO's prior visit in 2004, which
    previously stressed biodiversity - fisheries and coral reefs, forest
    policy and invasive species.

    ¶8.  NEPA officials Winsome Townsend and Sheries Simpson reviewed the
    workings of Jamaica's Environmental Impact Assessment process.  They
    distinguished between its role in land use planning, in which NEPA
    shares authority with and supports local government decision-making,
    and its role in providing environmental permits, in which it
    exercises sole authority.  With particular concerns for coastal real
    estate development, NEPA intends to integrate risk reduction more
    explicitly into its permits processes, with applications to address
    risks linked to pollution, hurricanes, and climate change.  While
    NEPA is confident in the structure of its processes, staffing and
    resource limitations contribute to delays.  NEPA also encourages
    voluntary certification standards:

    --  The Blue Flag Program established beach quality standards relied
    upon by tour operators;
    --  The Green Globe Program certified the environmental management
    systems of tourism businesses, particularly hotels; and,
    --  NEPA informally works with businesses to develop implementation
    plans for operations adjusting to new regulations on water and air
    quality.

    ¶9.  NEPA's partners include capacity building projects with UNDP,
    SIDA, IDB and GEF, and the regional International Watershed and
    Coastal Resource Management Assessment and Monitoring (IWCRAM).

    Changing Priorities for U.S. Assistance
    ---------------------------------------

    ¶10.  Reduced U.S. assistance levels and a change in focus from
    environment to poverty alleviation affected the range and staffing
    of environment-related projects on the island.  The projected
    second-generation Ridge to Reef program addressing watershed
    management, whose first iteration helped inspire WW2BW, was
    eliminated.  NEPA noted that Blue Flag and Green Globe projects were
    successful while AID resources flowed, but met with difficulties
    when this flow stopped.  The NEPA contacts said that project
    beneficiaries expected to be paid for improving environmental
    performance even if these changes reduced their costs or positioned
    them to tap higher-paying ecotourism opportunities.  COMMENT:
    Beneficiaries may be contrasting the certainty of costs needed to
    maintain green standards with the uncertainty whether sustainable
    tourism will in fact boost incomes.  END COMMENT.

    ¶11.  On-going AID projects which incorporated biodiversity
    included:

    --  Rural Enterprise, Agriculture and Community Tourism (REACT),
    which creates alternative sustainable income earning operations in
    targeted rural communities that apply sound environmental management
    practices to conserve Jamaica's biological and cultural heritage;

    -- Farmers Access to Regional Markets (JA FARMS), a network of
    growers and market organizations that encourages use of more
    efficient production technologies, access to capital and training,
    and a wider choice of markets and products; and,

    SAN JOSE 00000146  003 OF 004

    --  Protected Areas and Rural Enterprise (PARE), which strengthens
    the linkage between effective natural resource management and
    livelihoods in and around priority conservation sites.  Components
    include sustainable tourism planning and implementation; threats and
    economic costs of natural disasters on rural economy and
    biodiversity; and management of targeted agricultural sectors and
    businesses that use sustainable, renewable and non-timber forest
    products.

    ¶12.  In addition, AID represents the Mission on Jamaica's two
    debt-for-nature swaps, the Environmental Foundation of Jamaica (an
    Enterprise of the Americas Initiative fund) and the Tropical Forest
    Conservation Act fund.  According to Maria Protz of the grassroots
    NGO Friends of the Sea, the ECJ provided valuable support for
    grassroots organizations but did not (and was not intended to)
    ensure the long-term sustainability of community-based organizations
    and NGOs.  Founded in 2004, the U.S.-Jamaica TFCA issued its first
    project call and awarded 10 grants in 2007.

    COMMENT:  Opportunities for Cooperation
    ---------------------------------------

    ¶13.  Building on the well-established history of environmental
    engagement between the U.S. and Jamaica, the link between the
    environment and key economic sectors like tourism, and the range of
    existing funds and programs that incorporate environmental
    components, Embassy Kingston might consider a number of
    opportunities for promoting engagement on ESTH issues.

    --  AID might consider the appointment of EFJ and TFCA alternates to
    help bridge gaps in representation and to boost institutional memory
    in times of transition, perhaps approaching other U.S. Embassy
    agencies to serve in this capacity.  Participation of other agencies
    that share an interest in the issues under consideration would boost
    the prospects that the Mission could leverage EAI/TFCA activities
    with tools like the Embassy Science Fellow Program and American
    Fellows Program (see below); Earth Day; International Visitor
    Program and/or other public affairs initiatives.  Peace Corps
    participation might bolster the likelihood that their lessons
    learned could benefit the funds in their dealing with grassroots
    organizations; Public Affairs participation could help ensure that
    the Embassy takes advantage of the plethora of grassroots public
    affairs opportunities (project launches and closings, for example)
    that the funds could provide; or Econ/Pol participation could open
    up new grassroots contacts island-wide.

    --  The Embassy Science Fellow Program (Ref A) and the American
    Fellows Program (www.partners.net) are two means for making U.S.
    expertise available to the Funds and their recipient NGO partners;
    to government offices like NEPA; and private sector associations.
    The first permits missions to request a scientist linked to a
    federal agency to work on a project of interest to the Mission for
    up to three months.  The second permits Western Hemisphere
    governments to propose placing a U.S. official in a host government
    agency (or vice versa) for up to six months. NEPA flagged the
    following themes for such an exchange:

    i)  bolstering NEPA expertise regarding risk reduction, air quality
    monitoring, air and water pollution loading, and analysis of mapping
    data;
    ii)  mapping data analysis and application of earth observation data
    to NEPA operations via tools like Google Earth; and
    iii)  accessing U.S. satellite data in case of hurricanes or other
    disasters.

    --  Video conferencing is another tool for linking Jamaican and U.S.
    scientists and policy-makers.  CEP's Franklin Macdonald suggested
    using this tool for a briefing on the United States-Mexico-Cuba
    effort to study biological and physical aspects of the Gulf of
    Mexico and the Gulf Stream.

    SAN JOSE 00000146  004 OF 004

    --  Mission might consider participating in environment-themed IVs
    and VOLVIS programs.

    -- While in many instances green issues could be highlighted in the
    context of broader cables on themes like energy, mining or
    agriculture, the Embassy might consider fuller cables directed at
    climate change and adaptation; forestry; and reefs.  The last would
    be especially timely since 2008 is the Year of the Reef, opening up
    public affairs opportunities like Reef-Fest or Earth Day.  It could
    also position Jamaica to tap a debt for nature swap for a third time
    if the U.S. Senate agrees to extend TFCA to reefs.

    BRENNAN

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