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### Viewing cable 09OTTAWA495, INAUGURAL U.S.-CANADA DEMOCRACY SUPPORT

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
09OTTAWA495 | 2009-06-25 21:09 | 2011-04-28 00:12 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Ottawa

`

    VZCZCXRO9263
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    RUEHKW RUEHLA RUEHLN RUEHLZ RUEHMT RUEHNP RUEHPOD RUEHQU RUEHROV
    RUEHSK RUEHSL RUEHSR RUEHVC RUEHVK RUEHYG
    DE RUEHOT #0495/01 1762103
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    P 252103Z JUN 09
    FM AMEMBASSY OTTAWA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 9603
    INFO RUCNCAN/ALL CANADIAN POSTS COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
    RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
    RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING PRIORITY 2330
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA PRIORITY 1333
    RUEHBY/AMEMBASSY CANBERRA PRIORITY 1427
    RUEHJA/AMEMBASSY JAKARTA PRIORITY 0261
    RUEHBUL/AMEMBASSY KABUL PRIORITY 0276
    RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA PRIORITY 0630
    RUEHME/AMEMBASSY MEXICO PRIORITY 1996
    RUEHMO/AMEMBASSY MOSCOW PRIORITY 2294
    RUEHPU/AMEMBASSY PORT AU PRINCE PRIORITY 0175
    RUEHGO/AMEMBASSY RANGOON PRIORITY 0463
    RUEHWL/AMEMBASSY WELLINGTON PRIORITY 0271
    RUEHVEN/USMISSION USOSCE PRIORITY 0148
    RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA PRIORITY 1338
    RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY 0569

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 OTTAWA 000495

    SENSITIVE
    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR DRL, USAID, INL, S/CRS AND WHA/CAN

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PHUM PREL PGOV KDEM CA
    SUBJECT: INAUGURAL U.S.-CANADA DEMOCRACY SUPPORT
    CONSULTATIONS DEFINE WAY FORWARD

    REF: A. OTTAWA 281
         ¶B. OTTAWA 249

    ¶1. (SBU) Summary:  During the first U.S.-Canada Democracy
    Support Consultations in Ottawa in late May, the delegations
    agreed to explore establishing an early warning and rapid
    response task force for threats to democratic governance.
    Canada will consider placing the issue of restrictive NGO
    laws on the 2010 G-8 agenda.  Other ideas included developing
    cooperation between U.S. and Canadian public broadcasters and
    strengthening inter-parliamentary contact on threats to civil
    society.  Both delegations agreed to work toward
    strengthening the Inter-American Democratic Charter and
    greater information sharing on imprisoned human rights
    defenders.  The next consultations will focus largely on
    democracy in the Americas.  End summary.

    ¶2. (SBU) Led by Acting Assistant Secretary of State for
    Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Karen Stewart and Canada's
    Director General of Foreign Affairs for Democracy and Human
    Rights Adele Dion, the first U.S.-Canada Democracy
    Consultations took place in Ottawa May 19-20.  Canada had
    requested the consultations to identify additional areas of
    cooperation and to align its policies more closely with those
    of the U.S.  The U.S. delegation included officials from DRL,
    S/P, USAID, and Embassy Ottawa, while the Canadian side
    included representatives from the Department of Foreign
    Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), Canadian
    International Development Agency (CIDA), and Privy Council
    Office (PCO).

    Canada Emphasizing Democracy Support
    ------------------------------------

    ¶3.  (SBU) Canada provides democracy assistance through DFAIT,
    CIDA, international organizations, and Canadian NGOs such as
    the International Center for Human Rights and Democratic
    Development ("Rights and Democracy") as well as the
    Parliamentary Center.  This assistance focuses primarily on
    supporting democratic transitions in countries already on the
    path to democracy.  In July 2007, the House of Commons'
    Foreign Affairs Committee recommended strengthening Canada's
    role in international democratic development, including
    calling for a new non-partisan democracy promotion agency.
    The establishment of a new agency became official government
    policy following the Governor General's November 2008 Speech
    from the Throne (marking the beginning of the 40th Parliament
    after the October 2008 federal election).  While the agency
    is still in the planning stages, Minister of State for
    Democratic Reform Steven Fletcher has indicated that it would
    support like-minded political parties abroad (reftels).
    According to DG Dion, DFAIT is feeding ideas for the new
    agency to the PCO.  Canada is also setting up a regional
    Democracy hub for the Andes in Lima (ref b).  DG Dion added
    that, under Prime Minister Harper, democracy and rule of law
    Qthat, under Prime Minister Harper, democracy and rule of law
    had been the central themes of the October 2008 Francophonie
    Summit in Quebec City.

    "Whole of Government" Approach
    ------------------------------

    ¶4.  (SBU) DG Dion outlined Canada's "whole of government"
    approach to democracy assistance and the importance of
    coordination among DFAIT, CIDA, and the Canadian Forces.
    Canada has been trying this coordinated approach in
    Afghanistan, according to Dion, admitting that Canada aims to
    be more "nimble."  Canadian NGO contacts who participated in
    the opening dinner also noted that it can take decades to
    establish democracy, and called for better donor coordination
    focused on medium to long-term results.  A-A/S Stewart
    underscored that DRL and USAID coordinate closely with the
    Millennium Challenge Corporation, S/CRS, and other agencies

    OTTAWA 00000495  002 OF 005

    and bureaus.  A-A/S Stewart and DG Dion agreed on potential
    benefits from cross-training diplomats with development
    colleagues.

    Good Governance and Tailored Strategies
    --------------------------------------

    ¶5.  (SBU) USAID's Legislative Strengthening expert Keith
    Schulz stressed that political governance is a key to
    democratic development, and that more attention should be
    focused on parliamentary work as well as on supporting
    leaders once they gain power, rather than preparing them for
    electoral competition.  USAID's Director of Democracy and
    Governance Dorothy Taft noted that good governance is also
    essential for effective and sustainable health and
    development assistance.  Taft emphasized the importance of
    tailoring strategies to individual countries by considering
    election dates and considering other local factors.  CIDA is
    piloting its Governance Analysis Tool (GAT) in Pakistan and
    Ethiopia to assess what governance assistance may be needed
    and to evaluate ongoing programs.  The U.S. and Canada agreed
    on the importance of accountability in designing and rolling
    out programs.

    Defending Civil Society
    -----------------------

    ¶6.  (SBU) USAID's Schulz highlighted restrictive NGO laws,
    praising the work of the International Center for Non-Profit
    Law (ICNL).  DFAIT's Human Rights Director Donica Pottie
    acknowledged World Bank efforts in this area.  DFAIT will
    suggest that the question of how to confront restrictive NGO
    legislation be on the 2010 G-8 agenda.  DFAIT officials
    commented that repressive regimes regularly consult on how to
    tighten their laws regulating NGOs and that democracies
    should share best practices in combating this trend.
    Parliamentarians have a vital role to play in engaging fellow
    parliamentarians on civil society legislation, good
    governance, and anti-corruption.

    Working in Repressive Contexts
    ------------------------------

    ¶7.  (SBU) The Canadian NGO "Rights and Democracy" has worked
    with the Burmese government-in-exile and Burmese media since
    the early 1990s and has also developed valuable networks in
    Zimbabwe and elsewhere.  U.S. programs to promote
    democratization in repressive countries include exchange
    programs, third-country training for human rights activists,
    Embassy-administered small grants programs, American Corners,
    and public broadcasting (RFE/RL and VOA etc.).  DG Dion
    called for greater consultation between U.S. and Canadian
    broadcasters, noting that Canada contributes to the global
    francophone TV5 channel.  The delegations agreed that new
    technologies and blogs create additional opportunities for
    democracy programming.  The America.gov website's "Democracy
    Challenge" has given citizens around the world a forum for
    expressing what democracy means to them.  Canadian officials
    expressed interest in learning more about polling conducted
    Qexpressed interest in learning more about polling conducted
    by the International Republican Institute (IRI) in
    authoritarian countries.

    Greater Consultation in Capitals and the Field
    --------------------------------------------- -

    ¶8.  (SBU) The U.S. and Canada agreed on the need for more
    systematic consultation between Washington and Ottawa as well
    as among diplomatic personnel on the ground in repressive
    environments.  DG Dion stated that Canadian diplomats should
    more actively "fly the flag" by meeting with human rights
    activists under duress and observing court trials of human
    rights defenders.  A-A/S Stewart commented on the success of

    OTTAWA 00000495  003 OF 005

    the U.S. forensic assistance program.

    Conflict Zones - Canada in Kandahar
    -----------------------------------

    ¶9. (SBU) Elissa Golberg, Director General of DFAIT's
    Stabilization and Reconstruction Task Force (START) and
    former Representative of Canada in Kandahar (ROCK),
    emphasized the importance of local level engagement and
    legitimacy and of understanding human geography.  Golberg
    also stressed sustainable development and working through the
    Afghan government.  While the Canadian military might be able
    to provide a generator to a village overnight, it is better
    practice for villagers to learn how to talk to their own
    leaders to ensure that their government responds to their
    needs.  While Afghans need to better engage their government,
    the Canadian government needs to create stronger incentives
    for its officials engaged in democracy promotion, according
    to DFAIT officials.  They lamented that Royal Canadian
    Mounted Police (RCMP) volunteers for assignments in
    Afghanistan and Haiti do not find this service
    career-enhancing.  They admitted that Canada still needs
    better incentives to attract quality staff.

    Preventing Failed States
    ------------------------

    ¶10.  (SBU) DFAIT and CIDA officials emphasized that it is
    cheaper to prevent state failure than to deal with the
    aftermath of a failed state and that Canada is expanding its
    mediation capabilities.  CIDA officials noted that the OECD's
    Development Assistance Committee (DAC) has also developed
    principles for engagement with fragile states.  CIDA's two
    year-old Deployment for Democratic Development (DDD) program
    deploys Canadian experts abroad for anywhere from 6-18 months.

    Democracy Support in the Americas
    ---------------------------------

    ¶11.  (SBU) DFAIT's Director General for Latin America and the
    Caribbean James Lambert confirmed that the Americas are
    central to Canadian foreign policy.  Lambert praised the USG
    for not taking the bait of responding to Bolivarian
    provocations of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and Bolivian
    leader Evo Morales.  A-A/S Stewart noted that the populist
    Bolivarian approach is not economically sustainable.  Lambert
    commented that Canada is the second largest contributor to
    the Organization of American States (OAS), after the U.S.,
    and urged that both countries work together to make the OAS
    more effective generally but also specifically in democracy
    promotion.  PCO Foreign and Defense Policy Operations
    Director and former Canadian Ambassador to Colombia Matthew
    Levin stated that security, prosperity, and democratic
    development are all inter-linked and mutually reinforcing,
    adding that the OAS Mission in Colombia played a vital role
    in overseeing the disarmament and demobilization process.

    More Robust International Forums
    --------------------------------
    Q--------------------------------

    ¶12. (SBU) A-A/S Stewart argued that the U.S. and Canada
    should more fully utilize regional forums such as the OAS and
    Community of Democracies (CD) to address democracy and human
    rights issues.  The U.S. and Canada support the OAS-African
    Union (AU) "Democracy Bridge" to build stronger linkages
    between the two organizations in democracy and governance.
    The CD should be more robust and action-oriented, she added,
    while expressing high hopes that the upcoming Lithuanian
    chairmanship may move the CD agenda forward.

    ¶13.  (SBU) DFAIT officials noted that the Commonwealth
    Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) can suspend members that

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    violate democratic norms, as in the case of Pakistan.  The
    Commonwealth can also organize pre-election and post-election
    observer missions.

    ¶14.  (SBU) DFAIT officials pointed to the Ottawa-based Global
    Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC),
    whose funders include USAID, the State Department's Middle
    East Partnership Initiative (MEPI), and CIDA; its head is a
    member of the Kuwaiti National Assembly.  DFAIT officials
    expressed support for the Extractive Industries Initiative
    (EII) as a development tool for strengthening civil society.

    Engaging Regional Players
    -------------------------

    ¶15.  (SBU)  U.S. officials noted the importance of working
    closely with regional leaders such as China, India, and South
    Africa when addressing the situation in repressive regimes
    such as North Korea, Burma, and Zimbabwe, with whom we may
    have less leverage.  DFAIT's Human Rights and Democracy
    Director Donica Pottie commented that more could be done to
    harness the half dozen Burma Parliamentary Caucuses in the
    ASEAN region.  Pottie also noted that parliamentarians can
    craft a wide range of pretexts for visiting Burma.  DG Dion
    noted that high level visits can reassure fragile governments
    under pressure, as occurred in Georgia's war with Russia.

    ¶16.  (SBU) DG Dion opined that Indonesia is seeking to play a
    leading regional role in human rights and democratic
    development.  Indonesian interlocutors have told her that the
    Asia-Pacific Democracy Partnership and Bali Partnership
    complement one another.

    Next Steps in U.S.-Canadian Cooperation
    --------------------------------------

    ¶17. (SBU) There was agreement on the following areas:

    --  further explore establishing an early warning Rapid
    Response Task Force on threats to democratic governance (with
    DRL and DFAIT to work out additional details);
    --  systematize the sharing of information about at-risk
    human rights and democracy defenders/activists;
    --  consideration of adding the issue of restrictive NGO laws
    to the G-8 agenda for 2010, when Canada hosts;
    --  develop cooperation between our public broadcasting
    networks;
    --  strengthen Parliamentarian/Congressional
    legislature-to-legislature direct outreach;
    --  regular consultation on threats to civil society, and
    engaging Parliament/Congress on these threats;
    --  interlocking efforts to strengthen implementation of the
    Inter-American Democratic Charter;
    --  exploration of the current and possible increased levels
    of involvement in UN mediation efforts; and,
    --  greater information-sharing in multilateral forums such
    as the Asia-Pacific Democracy Partnership, Bali Democracy
    Forum, Community of Democracies, UN Democracy Fund, AU/NEPAD,
    and GOPAC.

    Greater Information Sharing
    ---------------------------

    ¶18. (SBU)  The U.S. and Canada also committed to greater
    Q18. (SBU)  The U.S. and Canada also committed to greater
    information-sharing on Canada's planned Lima-based Democracy
    Hub and USAID's mobile technology report.  Canada will also
    share the results of its democracy reporting requirements
    pilot program and democracy training course.  The U.S. will
    create communication channels among other democracy-related
    actors such as INL (rule of law), EEB (Partnership for
    Democratic Governance), Millennium Challenge Corporation, and
    S/CRS with Canada's START program.  Both sides agreed to add

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    non-governmental actors such as democracy-focused NGOs and
    academics to future Consultations and to consider inviting
    the United Kingdom to the next meeting.  The next Democracy
    Support Consultation will include at least one day on the
    Americas by addressing the OAS and the Inter-American
    Democratic Charter, engaging the Bolivarians more effectively
    on democracy issues, attacks on civil society, and possible
    expansion or replication of the OAS-AU Democracy Bridge to
    other regional organs, such as ASEAN.

    ¶19.  (U) A-A/S Stewart has cleared this cable.

    Visit Canada,s North American partnership community at
    http://www.intelink.gov/communities/state/nap /

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