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### Viewing cable 09OTTAWA543, CANADIAN PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT TORTURE VICTIMS

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
09OTTAWA543 | 2009-07-16 18:06 | 2011-04-28 00:12 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Ottawa

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    VZCZCXRO9401
    PP RUEHGA RUEHHA RUEHMT RUEHQU RUEHVC
    DE RUEHOT #0543/01 1971803
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    P 161803Z JUL 09
    FM AMEMBASSY OTTAWA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 9664
    INFO RUCNCAN/ALL CANADIAN POSTS COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
    RUEHCP/AMEMBASSY COPENHAGEN PRIORITY 2356
    RUEAORC/US CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
    RUEADRO/HQ ICE DRO WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
    RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC PRIORITY
    RUEPICA/USCIS WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
    RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY 0575
    RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA PRIORITY 1344

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 OTTAWA 000543

    SENSITIVE
    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR DRL/MLGA (KRISTEN MCGEENY) AND WHA/CAN

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PHUM PREF PGOV PREL UN CA
    SUBJECT: CANADIAN PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT TORTURE VICTIMS

    REF: STATE 70129

    ¶1.  (U)  Summary.  Canada avoids deporting individuals to any
    country where they would be at risk of persecution, torture,
    or cruel and unusual punishment.  With a few exceptions,
    anyone ordered removed from Canada may apply for a
    pre-removal risk assessment.  "Security certificate"
    legislation specifically bans the use of any evidence
    believed to have been obtained as a result of torture, but
    allows special restriction on individuals who are
    inadmissible to Canada but whose deportations could lead to
    torture in their home countries.  The Canadian Network for
    the Health of Survivors of Torture and Organized Violence
    which includes NGOs around Canada supports survivors of
    torture.  Canadian NGOs such as the Canadian Center for
    Victims of Torture regularly train Canadian immigration
    officers and adjudicators on how best to work with survivors
    of torture.  End summary.

    ¶2.  (U)  Canadian regulations prohibit deporting  individuals
    to a country where they would be at risk of persecution,
    torture, or cruel and unusual punishment.  Individuals given
    a removal order from Canada can request a pre-removal risk
    assessment (PRRA) conducted by the Department of Citizenship
    and Immigration Canada (CIC), which will consider written
    evidence submitted by the claimant.  (Note: Individuals
    subject to extradition who came from a safe third country,
    who are recognized as a Convention Refugee by a country to
    which they can return, or who are repeat refugee protection
    claimants less than six months after previously leaving, are
    not eligible for a PRRA. End note.)  If CIC accepts the
    claim, Canada will grant "protected person" status, allowing
    the individual to apply for permanent residence.  If CIC
    rejects the claim, the individual may appeal to Canada's
    Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) on humanitarian and
    compassionate grounds.

    ¶3.  (U)  Under Canada's "security certificate" legislation,
    the government may detain and deport non-citizens (including
    permanent residents) whom the government deems inadmissible
    to Canada under various security-related provisions of the
    Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA).  The Minister
    of Citizenship, Immigration, and Multiculturalism and the
    Minister of Public Safety must both sign a warrant for
    detention when the government considers that an individual
    presents a danger to national security and/or is unlikely to
    appear at a proceeding for removal.  The Federal Court must
    review the "reasonableness" of each request for a security
    certificate.  Persons subject to removal have the right to a
    PRRA conducted by CIC, subject to a further review by a
    Federal Court judge.  If the judge determines that a person
    faces a risk of torture or death in his/her country of origin
    greater than the risk he/she poses by remaining in Canada,
    the judge may stay the removal order and the individual may
    be detained pending deportation, or released subject to
    whatever monitoring the judge may deem appropriate.
    Security-screened lawyers known as "special advocates" have
    access to confidential evidence on which the government based
    its decision to seek security certificates.  Revised
    legislation in February 2008 specifically bans the use of any
    Qlegislation in February 2008 specifically bans the use of any
    evidence believed to have obtained as a result of torture.
    Five individuals remain under security certificates in lieu
    of deportation, but none are currently in formal detention
    facilities.

    Canadian Network for the Health of Survivors of Torture and
    Organized Violence (CanNet)
    ---------------  -----------------  -------------------------
     ------------------------

    ¶4.  (U)  Canadian NGOs actively support victims of torture,
    including Convention Refugees, asylum seekers, permanent
    residents, and others in need of treatment.  In 1993, the
    Canadian Center for Victims of Torture (CCVT) in Toronto, the
    Intervention Network for Persons Affected by Organized
    Violence (RIVO) in Montreal, and the Vancouver Association
    for Survivors of Torture (VAST) in British Columbia created
    the Canadian Network for the Health of Survivors of Torture
    and Organized Violence (CanNet).  CanNet builds coalitions
    across the country to protect and rehabilitate survivors of
    torture.  Survivors are referred by other institutions or may
    also be self-referred.

    OTTAWA 00000543  002 OF 003

    ¶5.  (U)  Other CanNet organizations include the Canadian
    Mental Health Association's Committee to Assist Survivors of
    War and Torture in Ottawa, the Cross Cultural Counseling
    Program in Winnipeg, the Edmonton Center for Survivors of
    Torture and Trauma, the Catholic Immigration Society's
    Support Program for Survivors of Torture in Calgary, and the
    Victoria Coalition for the Survivors of Torture in British
    Columbia.  Most of these NGOs are also members of the
    Canadian Council for Refugees.  The Canadian Refugee and
    Immigrant Counseling Services in Toronto, Needs Center for
    War Affected Families in Winnipeg, and "Cercle d'entraide
    pour les refugies ayant subi la violence
    organisee" in Quebec also support torture victims.

    Canadian Center for Victims of Torture (CCVT)
    ------------------  -------------------------

    ¶6.  (U)  The Toronto-based Canadian Center for Victims of
    Torture (CCVT) helps survivors integrate into Canadian
    society and raises awareness of the effects of torture and
    war on survivors.  It offers mental health counseling, crisis
    intervention, art therapy, education (including English as a
    Second Language and computer training), coordinated
    professional services, and support groups (which have
    included a Somali Women's Group, African Women's Group,
    Albanian Family Group, and Iranian Men and Women's Groups).
    A group of doctors, lawyers, and social service professionals
    founded CCVT in 1983 to provide specialized counseling.  It
    is reportedly the second oldest facility in the world.  In
    2003, the CCVT received accreditation from the International
    Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims.  The CCVT's
    volunteer board includes educators, former service users, and
    community activists.

    ¶7.  (SBU)  With support from the UN Voluntary Fund for
    Torture Victim, CCVT has conducted international cooperation
    projects, including rehabilitation centers in Central
    America, South Africa, and Ethiopia.  CCVT also collaborates
    closely with U.S. NGOs.  Since its establishment, CCVT has
    assisted over 14,000 torture survivors from more than 136
    countries.  CCVT Executive Director Mulugeta Abai told Poloff
    that CCVT had treated 1,800 survivors from 73 countries in
    2008 alone.  According to Abai, CIC provides over 80 percent
    of its C$1.3 million budget.  Other funders include the
    governments of Ontario province and the City of Toronto.
    CCVT regularly provides training about torture and its impact
    on survivors to CIC, the Department of Foreign Affairs and
    International Trade (DFAIT), and the Immigration and Refugee
    Board (IRB), educating immigration officers and other front
    line workers.  Training is tailored to the needs of
    government agency.

    ¶8.  (SBU)  According to CIC Training Coordinator Kathleen
    Nectoux, CIC's refugee adjudication course features a special
    module on interviewing techniques for "sensitive" applicants,
    covering victims of gender-based violence and torture,
    including how to detect and approach such cases.

    Vancouver Association for Survivors of Torture (VAST)
    ----------------------  -----------------------------

    ¶9.  (SBU)  Established in 1986, the Vancouver Association for
    Survivors of Torture (VAST) offers survivors psychological
    QSurvivors of Torture (VAST) offers survivors psychological
    and somatic therapy, counseling, and legal assistance while
    raising public awareness about torture and encouraging
    sensitivity towards survivors.  For many years, VAST observed
    the UN Day in Support of Victims of Torture by holding a
    public gathering called "Roses and Thorns," in which staff,
    volunteers, torture survivors and their families handed out
    roses with information sheets about torture.  VAST Executive
    Director Christine Thomas told Poloff that its clients
    largely originate from Mexico, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq,
    Somalia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

    Intervention Network for Persons Affected by Organized
    Violence (RIVO)
    ---------- ----------------- ------------------  --------
    ----------

    ¶10.  (U)  The Montreal-based Intervention Network for Persons
    Affected by Organized Violence (RIVO) was established in

    OTTAWA 00000543  003 OF 003

    ¶1990.  RIVO treated 459 victims in 2008, averaging 22 hours
    of therapy per torture victim.  The UN Voluntary Fund for
    Victims of Torture, the Canadian Government's Interim Federal
    Health Plan, and the Quebec Provincial Government's Ministry
    of Health and Social Services provide funding for RIVO.  RIVO
    partnered with a Rwandan NGO to support children orphaned by
    the genocide and the loss of parents to AIDS, and who are now
    heads of household caring for siblings.  In 2008, RIVO
    treated victims from 62 countries, including Mexico (144
    individuals), India (53), Colombia (41), Cameroon (22),
    Nigeria (18), Democratic Republic of Congo (17), and Rwanda
    (12).

    Visit Canada,s North American partnership community at
    http://www.intelink.gov/communities/state/nap /

    BREESE

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