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### Viewing cable 09TORONTO75, Ontario's Compost Pile - Exports Shift to New York

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
09TORONTO75 | 2009-04-16 16:04 | 2011-04-28 00:12 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Consulate Toronto

`

    VZCZCXRO1890
    PP RUEHGA RUEHHA RUEHMT RUEHQU RUEHVC
    DE RUEHON #0075/01 1062040
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    P 161658Z APR 09 ZDK
    FM AMCONSUL TORONTO
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 2788
    INFO RUCNCAN/ALL CANADIAN POSTS COLLECTIVE
    RHMFIUU/HQ EPA WASHINGTON DC
    RUEHNY/AMEMBASSY OSLO 0035

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 TORONTO 000075

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    STATE FOR H/SENATE AFFAIRS

    E.O.12958: N/A
    TAGS: ELTN SENV PGOV PREL CA US
    SUBJECT: Ontario's Compost Pile - Exports Shift to New York

    Ref: (A) Toronto 33

    TORONTO 00000075  001.2 OF 002

    Sensitive But Unclassified -- Please protect accordingly.

    ¶1. (U) Summary: Ontario faces an overflow of kitchen compost, and
    has begun sending thousands of tons to New York state for
    incineration.  The province's Green Bin program has grown so quickly
    that it has outstripped the ability of municipalities to process
    organic kitchen waste locally, a situation that is expected to
    continue into the foreseeable future.  Cities such as Toronto are
    struggling to ramp-up their processing capacity as they aim to meet
    their own waste diversion deadlines -- an integral part of the
    province's agreement to phase out municipal trash shipments to
    Michigan by the end of 2010.  The shipment of organic waste to New
    York seems acceptable to all parties for now.  Over time, however,
    the expected Ontario annual excess of 50,000 or more metric tons by
    the end of 2010, much of which will end up in New York, may strain
    New Yorkers' patience and generate familiar complaints about foreign
    garbage unless the U.S. recipients prepare to proactively make the
    case that the organic waste imports work to New York's advantage by
    lowering New York power costs and generating local jobs.  End
    Summary.

    -----------------------------------
    Green Bin Program Saves Green Money
    -----------------------------------

    ¶2. (U) Ontario's Green Bin program was introduced in Toronto in 2002
    as a means to reduce the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) that
    was shipped to landfills.  Originally pledging 100% MSW diversion by
    2010, in 2007 Toronto changed its goal to 70% waste diversion by
    2010, which coincides with the province's 2006 commitment to
    Michigan to phase out shipments of MSW to that state, following
    threats of legislative action by Michigan's Senators (reftel).

    ¶3. (U) The province has successfully encouraged other Ontario
    municipalities to introduce Green Bin programs.  Since 2002, the
    other three largest regional municipalities in the Greater Toronto
    Area (GTA) - York, Peel, and Durham Regions - all have adopted Green
    Bin programs.  In fact, most major Ontario cities have them, with
    the exception of London, Windsor, and Ottawa.  In 2007, Ontario
    municipalities collected 251,368 metric tons of kitchen scraps in
    green bins, up 30% from a year earlier.

    ¶4. (U) Toronto's composting program is the largest-scale program of
    its kind in North America.  Some 510,000 single-family homes in
    Toronto already have access to the city's kitchen composting
    program, whereby people can put out organic waste (food scraps,
    paper towels, coffee grounds, and other similar waste material)
    separately from other garbage and recycling items.  According to
    City of Toronto officials, 95% of single-family households currently
    use the Green Bin program, and organics represent 30% of household
    waste.  At multi-unit dwellings, Green Bin programs are being
    phased-in over 18 months, and all 4,500 apartment and condominium
    complexes (490,000 homes) in the city should be included in the
    program by 2010, increasing organic waste collection from all
    participating Toronto households to 170,000 metric tons annually, up
    from about 115,000 metric tons in 2008.

    ¶5. (U) In order to encourage Green Bin and recycling compliance,
    Toronto began charging single-family homes a waste management fee in
    November 2008, whereby trash bins are issued to all city households.
     Households receive five additional tags per two-month period, which
    allow standard-size bags of non-recyclable garbage to be picked up
    at no extra charge.  Additional garbage collection costs C$3.10 per
    tag/bag, whereas collection of Green Bin organic waste, also known
    as source-separated organics (SSO), is free.  Garbage bag collection
    restrictions have also been introduced elsewhere in the GTA,
    including York and Durham.

    -------------------------------
    But Organic Waste Smells Rotten
    -------------------------------
    ¶6. (U) Ontario's Green Bin program has grown so quickly that it has
    outstripped the ability of municipalities to process the organic
    waste locally.  Instead, thousands of metric tons of kitchen waste
    have been shipped to Covanta Energy, in Niagara Falls, New York, for
    incineration.  York Region sent nearly 12,000 metric tons of green
    bin waste to Covanta between March and August 2008.  The
    southwestern Ontario city of Guelph, considered a composting
    pioneer, has shipped 10,000 metric tons of kitchen waste a year to
    Covanta Energy since Guelph closed its own facility in 2006 due to
    odor problems and to structural weaknesses at the facility's
    building caused by ammonia.  As of this writing, no kitchen waste
    from Toronto has been shipped to New York for incineration.
    Instead, Toronto shipped roughly 1,000 truckloads of organic waste
    to Quebec each year until November 2008, when the two plants in
    Quebec - GSI Environment and Ferti-Val - were closed, mostly due to

    TORONTO 00000075  002.2 OF 002

    severe odor problems.
    ------------------
    Fixing the Problem
    ------------------

    ¶7. (U) The city of Toronto is now processing 100% of its kitchen
    waste in Ontario.  Since November, when the Quebec plants closed,
    Toronto has ramped up contracts with two new Ontario facilities --
    Dutch-owned Orgaworld, near London, Ontario, which opened in 2007,
    and Universal Resource, a C$17 million recycling and composting
    facility in Welland, Ontario, which opened in 2008.  Toronto now
    ships about 70,000 metric tons of organics annually to these two
    plants.  York Region ships 30,000 to the Orgaworld facility.  At
    full capacity, the Orgaworld facility is expected to process 150,000
    metric tons a year.

    ¶8. (U) In 2007, Toronto City Council approved two new composting
    facilities within the city's limits.  At full capacity, each of the
    two facilities will be capable of processing 55,000 metric tons of
    organic material -- two-thirds of the city's projected 2010
    processing needs.
    ¶9. (U) Outside of Toronto, the city of Guelph also plans to
    re-establish a compost plant by 2011 that will process 30,000 metric
    tons of organic waste per year.  Since the facility's capacity will
    exceed what the city currently produces in kitchen waste, the new
    facility expects to be able to accept organic waste from other
    municipalities for a fee of C$50-100 per metric ton.  Peel Region
    has a compost-curing facility, located in Caledon, which also closed
    in 2007 due to odor problems.  After that closure, Peel Region
    shipped 50 truckloads of partially composted kitchen waste to a
    Barrie topsoil company in 2007.  The company did not have approval
    from the Ontario Ministry of Environment to accept unfinished
    compost, however, and since has worked with Peel Region to clean up
    of thousands of plastic bags that held the organics.  Peel Region
    plans to reopen its Caledon curing facility in April 2009 after
    spending nearly C$11 million on upgrades to help curb the odor
    problem.
    ¶10. (U) Ontario is currently reviewing its Waste Diversion Act.
    Municipalities are hopeful that the Act will contain a policy to
    establish multiple grades of compost for waste diversion, instead of
    just one, as it has today.  (Note: Having multiple compost grades
    allows processed SSO to be used for a broader range of applications,
    such as brownfield redevelopment, instead of being limited to
    agricultural and gardening use, ultimately diverting more SSO from
    landfill.)  The public consultation phase closed on April 1, 2009.
    We do not expect to see a comprehensive plan to help municipalities
    recycle organic waste since the primary focus of the review is on
    the diversion of industrial, commercial, and institutional waste,
    which account for two-thirds of all Ontario's non-hazardous solid
    waste, including organic waste.
    ¶11. (U) Comment: The good news is that by 2010, Ontario expects that
    its total organic waste processing capacity will reach 450,000
    metric tons, although that may be an optimistic estimate, given the
    province's past failure to meet earlier goals, such as opening new
    landfills so garbage would not have to be exported to Michigan.
    Unfortunately, even if processing capacity reaches 450,000 metric
    tons by the end of 2010, by that time Ontario is expected to produce
    some 500,000 metric tons of kitchen-based organic waste annually.
    While some of the extra 50,000 or more metric tons may end up in
    Quebec, Covanta Energy in New York is also a likely destination.

    ¶12. (SBU) As the New York public becomes aware of the shipments,
    there may be a rising chorus of local complaints about odor, the
    stigma of being the recipient of another country's garbage, and
    perhaps the carbon footprint associated with transporting and
    incinerating the material (although transport and processing
    elsewhere in Ontario probably would result in a similar net carbon
    footprint).  If New York benefits economically from receiving the
    waste shipments - for example, via cheaper fuel for power generation
    and additional local jobs - officials there may wish to be prepared
    to quickly explain the benefits at such time as the shipments become
    a political issue.  End Comment.

    NAY

`