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### Viewing cable 08LIMA389, RADICALS HIJACK CUSCO PROTESTS; CITY LOSES APEC

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
08LIMA389 | 2008-03-04 17:05 | 2011-02-20 12:12 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Lima
Appears in these articles: http://elcomercio.pe/

`

    VZCZCXYZ0950
    PP RUEHWEB

    DE RUEHPE #0389/01 0641759
    ZNY CCCCC ZZH
    P 041759Z MAR 08
    FM AMEMBASSY LIMA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8088
    INFO RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION PRIORITY 1932
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA PRIORITY 5556
    RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA PRIORITY 7786
    RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES PRIORITY 3301
    RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS PRIORITY 1081
    RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ MAR 4766
    RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO PRIORITY 9463
    RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO PRIORITY 1783
    RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO PRIORITY 1775
    RHEHAAA/NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
    RUMIAAA/USCINCSO MIAMI FL PRIORITY

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L LIMA 000389

    SIPDIS

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 03/04/2018
    TAGS: PGOV PREL PINR PE
    SUBJECT: RADICALS HIJACK CUSCO PROTESTS; CITY LOSES APEC
    EVENT

    Classified By: POL/C ALEXIS LUDWIG FOR REASONS 1.4 (B)

    ¶1. (C...
    id: 144228
    date: 3/4/2008 17:59
    refid: 08LIMA389
    origin: Embassy Lima
    classification: CONFIDENTIAL
    destination:
    header:
    VZCZCXYZ0950
    PP RUEHWEB

    DE RUEHPE #0389/01 0641759
    ZNY CCCCC ZZH
    P 041759Z MAR 08
    FM AMEMBASSY LIMA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8088
    INFO RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION PRIORITY 1932
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA PRIORITY 5556
    RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA PRIORITY 7786
    RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES PRIORITY 3301
    RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS PRIORITY 1081
    RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ MAR 4766
    RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO PRIORITY 9463
    RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO PRIORITY 1783
    RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO PRIORITY 1775
    RHEHAAA/NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
    RUMIAAA/USCINCSO MIAMI FL PRIORITY

    ----------------- header ends ----------------

    C O N F I D E N T I A L LIMA 000389

    SIPDIS

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 03/04/2018
    TAGS: PGOV PREL PINR PE
    SUBJECT: RADICALS HIJACK CUSCO PROTESTS; CITY LOSES APEC
    EVENT

    Classified By: POL/C ALEXIS LUDWIG FOR REASONS 1.4 (B)

    ¶1. (C) Summary: Radical union and student leaders recently
    led a strike to protest a law that would facilitate private
    investment in tourist services at archeological sites,
    effectively shutting down the city of Cusco February 21-22.
    Residents of Cusco broadly rejected the law and said it
    favored deep-pocketed investors and tourists over poorer
    local residents, but accepted changes made by Congress to
    give Regional Presidents flexibility in implementation.
    Radicals who sought to exploit public sentiments for
    political gain have clear ties to Peruvian Nationalist Party
    (PNP) leader Ollanta Humala, the communist Patria Roja party,
    and (in some cases) Venezuela-sponsored ALBA houses.
    Humala's own role was indirect (via proxies), and most local
    analysts said Venezuela was not behind the protests (the GOP
    disagrees).  The intensity of the strike and the prospect of
    another one soon -- part of a larger dynamic of radical
    actions seeking to incite instability during Peru's year of
    summits -- led the government to move the scheduled April
    APEC event from Cusco to another location. End Summary.

    A Month of Protests: Timeline of Events
    ---------------------------------------
    ¶2. (C) The February 21 to 22 general strike that shut down
    commerce and movement in Cusco was the culmination of a
    series of protests launched to oppose a law passed by
    Congress in December 2007 (Law 29164) to facilitate private
    investment in tourist services for archeological sites.
    About five thousand university students on January 16 led the
    first protest, which was reportedly handled poorly by local
    police.  Regional government and civic leaders saw the
    political value of the first protest and called a general
    march on January 23 that attracted some 20-50 thousand locals
    to a peaceful rally and series of speeches.  Regional leaders
    followed these marches with a general strike on February 7th
    that attracted fewer people but slowed activity in the city;
    local observers described that strike as peaceful and
    festive.  To preempt further protest, Congress agreed to
    modify Law 29164 to allow Regional Presidents to decide, at
    their discretion, whether or how to implement the law in
    their regions.  Cusco's Regional President welcomed this
    change and called for dialogue with the central government.
    Several local contacts argued that the modifications were not
    perfect but hat no further strikes could be justified.

    ¶3. (C) Just as it seemed the protest would fade, a group of
    radical union and student leaders hijacked the movement and
    called for a two-day stoppage of commerce and traffic in the
    region on February 21-22.  Radical leaders had been planning
    this strike for at least two weeks and had discussed
    attempting to storm the airport on February 9, according to
    internet documents.  Although local sources say only about
    3,000 people participated in this strike -- some reportedly
    under threat of fine by union leaders -- observers described
    a surprisingly intense and effective shutdown of the city and
    surrounding region.  Taxis and shops that tried to do
    business were attacked with rocks; roads were blocked with
    boulders; trains from Cusco to Machu Picchu were cancelled;
    and a minor assault on the airport was turned back.  Local
    observers added that while one-day strikes are common in
    Cusco, two-day strikes are unprecedented.

    Cusco Residents Reject Law for Discriminating against Locals
    --------------------------------------------- ---------------
    ¶4. (C) Cusco residents rejected the archeological law for a
    variety of reasons.  Many locals say they fear the law would
    exacerbate the over-commercialization of the region's
    historical patrimony that is creating a society that is
    deeply stratified between tourists and locals.  Several
    pointed out to poloff that, while tourists have access to the
    best services the city offers, dark-skinned locals are turned
    away at the door; archeological sites that locals once
    entered freely are now off limits to everyone but the
    wealthy.  Several embassy contacts argued that the real
    purpose of the law was to enrich people tied to former
    President Toledo -- whose party proposed the bill --
    including his wife and vice president, who have purchased
    tracts of land near a significant yet underdeveloped Cusco
    archeological site.  Many others opposed the law based on
    misinformation: embassy contacts reported that local

    journalists interviewed protestors who said they were
    fighting to prevent America from buying Machu Picchu.  More
    rationally, the Regional President's General Manager told
    poloff that Cusco's grievances would have surely been
    addressed if Congress had followed the normal process of
    consultation with the regions before passing the bill.

    Radicals Co-opt and Manipulate Grievances
    -----------------------------------------
    ¶5. (C) Just as it seemed the wind would go from the sails of
    the protests, a variety of radical local leaders effectively
    manipulated Cusco's grievances for political gain.  The
    following is a brief sketch of key protest leaders and their
    established links to groups such as the communist Patria Roja
    party, nationalist opposition leader Ollanta Humala and his
    Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP), and (in at least one case)
    Venezuela-sponsored ALBA houses:

          a) Efrain Yepez: The most visible leader of the two-day
    strike, Yepez is coordinator of Cusco's Regional Assembly --
    a grouping of syndical and civic leaders -- and secretary
    general of the Departmental Federation of Cusco Workers
    (FDTC).  Linked to the Nationalist Party, Yepez openly
    campaigned for Ollanta Humala in the 2006 presidential
    election and invited Humala to speak at the February 7
    protest as well as at another protest in November.  (Ollanta
    attended in November but not February.)  Yepez is also tied
    to ALBA: an article recently deleted from ALBA's Peru website
    (www.alba-peru.net) describes Yepez as a member of Cusco's
    ALBA delegation; internal documents obtained by the media
    reportedly title him the Secretary for Institutional
    Relations in Cusco.  Yepez has publicly admitted these links
    but calls them minimal.

          b) Bernardo Dolmos Bengoa: Another prominent strike
    leader, Dolmos is vice president of the FDTC and head of
    Cusco's transportation union, which one contact described as
    the most important player in any strike (for its ability to
    halt transportation).  Dolmos is also a former Congressman
    for the communist New Left Movement (MNI, aka Patria Roja).
    Dolmos ran for Congress again in 2006 on the MNI slate but
    obtained only about 8,000 votes.  Sources say Patria Roja's
    declining political appeal has led the party to work to

    rebuild influence through union leadership.

          c) Cristian Quispe Montanez: Publicly linked to Yepez
    and Dolmos during the strikes, Quispe is a key student
    organizer and president of the Cusco University Federation.
    The head of security for Cusco's rail system told poloff that
    Quispe is a known member of Patria Roja and an important
    player in the group's efforts to rebuild support at Cusco's
    universities.

          d) Tito Lenes Sihua: Lenes is Secretary General of the
    Civil Construction union, which along with student groups led
    the failed assault on Cusco's airport.  Cusco's human rights
    Ombudsman described Lenes as a dangerous and erratic radical
    who will sit down to negotiate one day, then attack the next.

          e) Hugo Blanco: Blanco is an unaffiliated radical
    leader that led the effort to block roads in Anta Province
    outside Cusco city, according to local contacts.  Blanco is a
    prominent anti-systemic actor who was jailed for leading an
    indigenous insurgency in Cusco in the 1960s.  He now
    publishes a newspaper called "La Lucha Indigena" (The
    Indigenous Battle).

          f) Julian Incarroca: Incarroca is director of the ALBA
    house located in Cusco's San Sebastian district, according to
    two local sources, and is described on the ALBA website as
    the local government representative for the Cusco ALBA House
    Delegation.  His involvement in the protests is unclear, but
    he attended at least one planning meeting, according to a
    Nationalist Party contact.

    Ollanta Humala's Role in the Protests
    -------------------------------------
    ¶6. (C) Our contacts in Cusco agreed that Ollanta Humala
    probably did not have a direct role in organizing the strikes
    but instead allowed independent proxies to foment unrest on

    his behalf.  Humala himself told a press conference on
    February 22 that he is not "behind the protests, but rather
    in front of them."  (Comment: We take this to mean he played
    no role in organizing the protests but has sought actively to
    associate himself publicly with them during and after the
    fact.  End Comment.)  Humala in July 2007 told poloffs his
    strategy is to make common cause with protest groups and
    leftist movements around the country in order to form a
    united political front to contest the 2011 election.  One
    Humala associate, Miguel Angel de la Puente, says Ollanta has
    already formed political alliances with various social
    movement leaders.  In return for their launching protests to
    undermine the government, Ollanta has promised these leaders
    positions on his next campaign slate.  Several contacts in
    Cusco believe this explains the relationship between Ollanta
    and Javier Yepez, who has invited Humala to speak at protests
    twice in the past four months.  This also explains Ollanta's
    relationship with Patria Roja.  One well-informed source told
    us that Ollanta and Patria Roja leader Alberto Moreno had met
    clandestinely in 2006 to form such an alliance, and claimed
    to have photos as proof.  (Note: We have not seen the photos.
     End Note.)  De la Puente adds that Ollanta is particularly
    interested in coordinating protests in the run-up to the
    international summits planned for May and November.

    Venezuela and the ALBA Houses
    -----------------------------
    ¶7. (C) Contacts in Cusco believe broadly that ALBA houses in
    Cusco have no discernible role in the protests and are only
    indirectly linked with certain protest leaders.  Local
    sources told poloff there are as many as three ALBA houses
    located in the districts of San Sebastian, San Jeronimo, and
    Sicuani, but described them as little more than coordinating
    offices for the Venezuelan-sponsored "Mision Milagro"
    (Miracle Mission) program to provide eye surgeries to poor
    people.  The role of the Cusco ALBA houses is to arrange for
    patients to be transferred to Venezuela or to the ALBA house
    in Copacabana, Bolivia for treatment, they said.  (One source
    said his cousin had received eye surgery in Copacabana.)  The
    Regional President's General Manager argued that the problem
    with ALBA houses is not that they threaten the government by
    spreading unrest but that have been established informally
    without a government-to-government accord.  In that sense,
    local sources suggested that there was no direct involvement
    of Venezuela or Venezuelan representatives in the protests.
    One PNP congressional advisor says his Venezuelan Embassy
    contacts are more interested in promoting the Bolivarian
    Continental Coordinator (CCB) organization than the ALBA
    houses.  (Note: The GOP appears to disagree with the local
    assessment minimizing the role of Alba Houses in the recent
    protests.  Prime Minister Jorge del Castillo and Interior
    Minister Luis Alva Castro have publicly accused Alba Houses
    of seeking to foment instability in Peru, and claim to have
    documents to prove it.  End Note.)

    Cusco Protests: Part of A Broader Anti-Summit Dynamic
    --------------------------------------------- --------
    ¶8. (C) While protests in the Andes are widespread and common,
    the intensity of the recent Cusco strike took many by
    surprise.  That its radical leaders were unfazed by changes
    to the law removing rational cause for further protest and
    apparently emboldened by a separate "nationwide" agricultural
    strike that caused the death of several people in Ayacucho,
    suggests the Cusco strike was part of a broader dynamic of
    disruption.  Anti-systemic leaders, including Ollanta Humala,
    have publicly stated their plans to organize anti-summits
    parallel to the scheduled EU-Latin America meeting in May and
    the culminating APEC leaders' conference in November.  More
    broadly, there have been reports of radicals' plans to incite
    instability and undermine the government's image in the
    run-up to these events (septel).  In response to the Cusco
    strike and to protest radical leaders' stated plans to launch
    another one at some future date, the government announced
    that the April APEC Tourism Ministerial would be switched
    from Cusco to another location (probably Lima).  Conscious of
    the more general threat, government officials have privately
    and publicly emphasized that ensuring the security of the
    country and the safety of visiting delegations during Peru's
    year of international summits is the highest government
    priority.
    NEALON

    =======================CABLE ENDS============================

`