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### Viewing cable 05SANJOSE2265, FOREIGN MINISTER TOVAR BRIEFS DIPLOMATIC CORPS ON

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
05SANJOSE2265 | 2005-09-29 23:11 | 2011-03-08 16:04 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy San Jose

Appears in these articles:
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-07/Investigacion/NotasDestacadas/Investigacion2704388.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-07/Investigacion/NotaPrincipal/Investigacion2704402.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-07/Investigacion/NotasSecundarias/Investigacion2704436.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-07/Investigacion/NotasSecundarias/Investigacion2705536.aspx

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 02 SAN JOSE 002265

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 09/29/2015
    TAGS: PBTS PREL PINR ETRD CS NU
    SUBJECT: FOREIGN MINISTER TOVAR BRIEFS DIPLOMATIC CORPS ON
    COSTA RICA-NICARAGUA BORDER DISPUTE

    REF: A. SAN JOSE 2249

         ¶B. SAN JOSE 2131
         ¶C. SAN JOSE 1746
         ¶D. MANAGUA 2639

    Classified By: Charge Russell Frisbie for reasons 1.4 (b) and (d)

    ¶1. (C) Summary: Foreign Minsiter Tovar told diplomats in San
    Jose that Costa Rica had no alternative to filing a case in
    the ICJ to vindicate its rights to free navigation on the San
    Juan River.  He said that going to the court was not a
    hostile or unfriendly act and that retaliation on the part of
    Nicaragua was unjustified.  He said that a 35 percent tariff
    being considered by Nicaragua would, if adopted, cripple the
    economies of both countries, set back economic integration in
    the region, violate CAFTA-DR, and undermine prospects for a
    free trade agreement with the European Union.  End summary.

    ¶2. (SBU) On September 29, Foreign Minister Tovar convoked the
    entire diplomatic corps in San Jose to explain why the GOCR
    decided to bring a case before the International Court of
    Justice (ICJ) to vindicate Costa Rica's claim to rights of
    free navigation on the San Juan River.  With 30 to 35 chiefs
    of mission in attendance, Tovar said that negotiations with
    Nicaragua had failed and that Nicaragua had rejected Costa
    Rica's proposal for arbitration.  He added that Costa Rica
    could not extend the existing "truce" (during which Costa
    Rica cannot exercise its rights of free navigation) because,
    according to legal experts in this matter, passive assent to
    the status quo could constitute a forfeiture of Costa Rica's
    rights.  Tovar stressed that in any event Costa Rica's
    availing itself of the court cannot be construed as an
    unfriendly act, but rather is the way civilized nations
    resolve disputes that they are unable to resolve by other
    means.

    ¶3. (SBU) Tovar said that the GOCR is extremely concerned that
    President Bolanos has ordered the Nicaraguan Army to send
    reinforcements to the border and that the Nicaraguan Assembly
    is considering a 35 percent tariff on Costa Rican goods
    entering Nicaraguan territory.  With respect to the latter,
    he noted that Nicaraguans refer to such a tariff as a
    "patriotic tax" to pay for legal fees.  Costa Rica's exports
    to Nicaragua, he pointed out, are approximately USD 200
    million a year, and at least another USD 500 million in
    exports pass through Nicaragua to points north.  Tovar
    believes the ICJ case will take four years to decide.  The
    economic cost of a Nicaraguan tariff, he said, would be
    enormous, bankrupting companies and exacerbating poverty in
    both countries.  Such an action on the part of Nicaragua, he
    claimed, would also violate the U.S.-Central
    American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR),
    signed by both countries.  Further, Central American economic
    integration would suffer a serious setback, probably
    scuttling plans for a free trade agreement with the European
    Union, the region's biggest market after the United States.
    Tovar said that he was going to the Legislative Assembly that
    very afternoon to urge that Costa Rican legislators take no
    reciprocal action against Nicaragua.

    ¶4. (SBU) Tovar told the assembled diplomats that he did not
    expect or want them to take any position on the merits of the
    border dispute.  Rather, he asked for their understanding why
    Costa Rica took the route of the ICJ and why Costa Rica
    believed that retaliation by Nicaragua was unjustified.  He
    hoped that the countries represented in the room would use
    their influence to persuade Nicaragua not to effect punitive
    tariffs.

    ¶5. (U) Tovar distributed the following communique, which the
    MFA released on September 28:

    Begin Text:

    Costa Rica announces the presentation of the case regarding
    its rights of navigation on the San Juan River to the
    International Court of Justice

    The Government of Costa Rica announced today that shortly it
    would present the case of its navigation rights on the San
    Juan River, granted by the respective legal instruments, to
    the International Court of Justice, which sits at The Hague.

    The announcement of the decision taken by President Dr. Abel
    Pacheco de la Espriella and the Minister of Foreign Affairs,
    Roberto Tovar Faja, during the press conference which took
    place today at the Presidential Office at 16:00 on Wednesday,
    September 28, 2005.

    The Minister of Foreign Affairs explained today that he has
    instructed the Costa Rican Ambassador, Edgar Ugalde, to
    present the case to the headquarters of the International
    Court of Justice in The Hague.

    The Costa Rican measure will be communicated in a few hours
    to the Government of Nicaragua through a note that the
    Minister of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica, Roberto Tovar
    Faja, will send to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of
    Nicaragua, Norman Caldera.

    The President of Costa Rica, Dr. Abel Pacheco de la
    Espriella, said that despite these approaches and
    opportunities, derived from the Agreement signed on September
    26th, 2002 by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica
    and Nicaragua, "remaining as the only source of disagreement
    between our two countries is the matter of the rights of
    Costa Rica on the San Juan River."

    He noted that the mechanisms of mediation and arbitration
    proposed by Costa Rica were not accepted by Nicaragua.  "As a
    consequence, according to the peaceful coexistence principle
    between nations and the faithful adherence to the Costa Rican
    tradition of respect for International Law, we have decided
    to present the case to the International Court of Justice."

    "We hope for authentic national unity at this historical
    moment," said President Dr. Abel Pacheco, and he added that
    "Costa Rica and its rights are a priority over any private
    interest."

    The Costa Rican Foreign Minister, for his part, affirmed that
    Costa Rica is calling upon "the highest international legal
    instance in order to resolve, for good, the only cause of
    disagreement with Nicaragua."

    He reaffirmed that his country "is not asking for more rights
    or less rights than accorded to Costa Rica by the pertinent
    juridical instruments."

    He said that "to call upon the International Court of Justice
    could never interpreted as a break in the friendship between
    the two countries.  Both Costa Rica and Nicaragua have
    accepted the Court as a means to ensure the peaceful
    coexistence and mutual respect between nations."

    "We sincerely call on the International Court of Justice to
    make a decision that contributes to Costa Rica and Nicaragua
    never again having a reason for discord," added the Minister
    of Foreign Affairs.

    "I hope that through this means we will leave future
    generations with a relationship of fraternity and friendship
    between our two countries, without disputes.  It is our
    historic responsibility," the Minister of Foreign Affairs,
    Roberto Tovar Faja, declared.

    End Text.

    ¶6. (SBU) After the meeting with diplomats ended, MFA adviser
    Arnoldo Brenes told acting DCM that a 35 percent tariff would
    violate CAFTA-DR.  He said that the legal principle of "pacta
    sunt servanda" in the Vienna convention on the Law of
    Treaties requires that a country that signs a treaty, whether
    it has ratified or not, not take any action contrary to the
    letter and spirit of the treaty.

    ¶7. (C) In a meeting with Charge on September 28, former
    president Oscar Arias, frontrunner in the February 2006
    presidential election, said that the GOCR made an "error" in
    not extending the three-year truce on the San Juan River
    dispute.  He said that Nicaraguan Ambassador to Costa Rica
    Francisco Fiallos told him that he had urged the GON to agree
    to arbitration but that Foreign Minister Caldera refused.
    Arias said that it was "lamentable" that relations have been
    damaged because of intransigence on both sides.

    ¶8. (C) Comment: A settlement at this point appears to be
    highly unlikely.  The problem now is to ensure that the
    dispute stays in the court and does not escalate and affect
    trade, immigration, law enforcement, and the need for Costa
    Rica and Nicaragua to cooperate on a host of issues.  Until
    now we have not heard anyone in the GOCR talk about
    retaliation if Nicaragua enacts a 35 percent tariff, but that
    discussion will surely come.
    FRISBIE

`