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### Viewing cable 09LONDON27, UK MUSLIM DEMOGRAPHICS (C-RE8-02527)

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
09LONDON27 | 2009-01-06 11:11 | 2011-02-04 21:09 | SECRET | Embassy London

`

    O 061155Z JAN 09
    FM AMEMBASSY LONDON
    TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0834

` `

    S E C R E T LONDON 000027

    DEPARTMENT FOR INR/I AND EUR/WE

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 12/30/2018
    TAGS: PINR KISL KPLS UK
    SUBJECT: UK MUSLIM DEMOGRAPHICS (C-RE8-02527)

    REF: A. 08 STATE 128186
    ¶B. LONDON DAILY REPORT 7-28-08

    Classified By: Political Counselor Rick Mills, Jr. for reasons 1.4 (b)
    and (d)

    ¶1. (S/NF) Summary. Per reftel, this cable provides
    information on the demographics of the Muslim community in
    the UK. The last official UK census was in 2001 and much of
    what is provided below is a combination of census figures and
    subsequent estimates and surveys. Post notes that the
    information is incomplete and in many cases several years
    old. This is, however, the most current and accurate
    information available. Among the findings are that the UK
    Muslim population has jumped in seven years from 1.6 million
    to 2 million. At that rate of increase, HMG estimates that
    the Muslim population of the UK at the next census in 2011
    will be over 2.2 million. End Summary.

    Overall Muslim Population Growing But Rate Slowing
    --------------------------------------------- -----

    ¶2. (C) The 2001 UK census showed a population of 1.6 million
    Muslims. In April 2008, the Home Secretary Jacqui Smith
    announced that HMG estimated the Muslim population at 2
    million or 3.3% of the UK population. This represented an
    increase of 400,000 in seven years. The 1951 census showed a
    population of Muslims of less than 22,000. Therefore between
    1951 and 2001 (50 years) there had been an annualized
    increase of 31,500 Muslims in the UK, but in the seven year
    period between 2001 and 2008 there was an actual annualized
    increase of 57,000. The rate of increase as measured by
    decades has slowed, however. In 1961, the population of
    Muslims in the UK was 2.5 times what it had been in 1951.
    Between 1961 and 1971 the Muslim population multiplied an
    astonishing 5 times its previous population. Thereafter the
    Muslim population's rate of growth began to slow. In 1981 it
    was only 2.4 times the 1971 population (this was attributed
    to the ending of unlimited Commonwealth immigration in the
    early 1970's). In 1991 it was only 1.7 times what it had been
    in 1981; and between 1991 and 2001 it only grew by 1.6 times
    the previous population. Based on a projected 2011
    population of 2.2 million, the rate of increase between 2001
    and 2011 is estimated to be 1.4 times the 2001 figure. In
    overall numbers, the UK Muslim population is rapidly
    increasing, but its rate of growth is slowly decreasing.
    Changes to UK visa rules announced in 2008 may slow this rate
    even more.

    Immigration Or Birthrate?
    -------------------------

    ¶3. (C) HMG does not categorize either births or immigration
    by religion. A rough estimate, however, based on immigration
    statistics by country of origin indicates 50-55,000 "self
    declared" Muslims were granted settlement (permanent
    residence) in the UK in 2007. Based on the aforementioned
    57,000 annualized growth in the Muslim population, it is
    clear that a significant portion of the population growth
    among Muslims in the UK is based on immigration. 34% of
    Muslims in 2001 were below the age of 16, however, and 63% of
    Muslim households had at least one child and 25% contained 3
    or more children. Based on these statistics a report by the
    NGO Migration Watch UK (MWUK), which favors restrictions on
    immigration, estimated in 2008 that the real number of
    Muslims in the UK was closer to 3 million which would be 5%
    of the UK population.

    Raw Data: Office of National Statistics
    ---------------------------------------

    ¶4. (SBU) The following are excerpts from the UK's Office of
    National Statistics (ONS), all data is from the 2001 UK
    census unless otherwise noted.

    -- The 2001 Census showed that out of the total UK population
    of 58.8 million, 1.6 million identify as Muslims. At 3
    percent, this is the largest non-Christian religious
    population. They are a young, tightly clustered, but often
    disadvantaged community, according to UK social and economic
    statistics.

    -- People with Muslim backgrounds are most concentrated in
    London (38% of the total UK Muslim population) and other
    large urban areas, including the West Midlands (14% of the
    Muslim population), the North West (13%), and Yorkshire and
    the Humber (12%). Within these areas, Muslims are highly
    concentrated spatially. Muslims make up 8% of the population
    of London overall, but 36% of the Tower Hamlets area and 24%
    of the Newham area population.

    -- 70% of Muslims gave their national identity as British,
    English, Scottish, or Welsh; 91% of UK-born Muslims gave a
    British national identity.

    -- More than half of Muslim adults living in England and
    Wales in 2001 said their religion was important to their
    self-identity.

    -- Muslims are the second least-likely of all religious
    groups to have been born in the UK, with the majority being
    born outside the UK; 46% were born in the UK, 39% were born
    in Asia (Pakistan - 18%; Bangladesh - 9%; India - 3%), 9%
    were born in Africa (Somalia - 2%; Kenya - 1%), and 4% were
    born in Europe outside the UK (Turkey - 3%, former
    Yugoslavian countries - 1%).

    -- Muslims were more likely than all other groups of UK 16 to
    24-year-olds to be living with a partner, either as a married
    or cohabiting couple (19% each).

    -- Among 45 to 54-year-olds, 17% described their marital
    status as divorced, separated or re-married.

    -- Muslims households were the least likely to be homeowners
    (52%) and are the most likely among all religious groups to
    be living in accommodation rented from the council or housing
    association (28%); 4% live rent-free.

    -- 32% of Muslim households live in overcrowded
    accommodation. Average family size for a Muslim family is
    3.8, which can contribute to overcrowding. 34% of Muslim
    households contained more than five people. 63% contained at
    least one dependent child, and 25% contained three or more
    dependent children.

    -- Unemployment rates were higher for Muslims than any other
    religion, for both men and women. Muslim male unemployment
    rate was 13% in 2004, and for women it was 18%.

    -- Muslims between the ages of 16 and 24 had the highest
    unemployment rates at 28%; 11% of Muslims over the age of 25
    were unemployed.

    -- Muslims were most likely to be unavailable or not actively
    seeking work due to reasons such as disability, being a
    student, or looking after the family and home. 31% of
    working-age men were economically inactive, as were 69% of
    working-age women.

    -- With 34% of Muslims under the age of 16 in 2001, Muslims
    have the youngest age profile of all the religious groups in
    Great Britain. Less than one in ten were aged 65 or older.

    -- Muslim men outnumber women 52% to 48%.

    -- 74% of Muslims are from an Asian ethnic background
    (Pakistani - 43%, Bangladeshi - 16%, Indian - 8%, Other Asian
    - 6%), Almost 1.2 million Asian Muslims were living in Great
    Britain in 2001. Another 11% were from a White ethnic
    background, including 4% of White British origin and 7% from
    another White background (including Turkish, Cypriot, Arab
    and Eastern European). 6% of Muslims were of Black African
    origin, mainly from North and West Africa.

    -- Muslims, both male and female, had the highest rates of
    reported ill health in 2000. Age-standardized rates of "not
    good" health were 13% for Muslim males and 16% for Muslim
    females.

    -- Muslims had the highest rates of disability, with 24% of
    females and 21% of males claiming a disability.

    -- Lone parent households are less common within Muslim
    communities, with around 50% of Muslim households headed by
    an individual who is part of a married couple.

    -- Muslim households were also more likely to contain more
    than one family, with 19% of all multiple family households
    Muslim.

    -- 33% of working-age Muslims in Great Britain had no
    qualifications in 2004, which is the highest rate of any
    religious group. At 12%, they were also the least likely to
    have degrees or equivalent qualifications.

    -- Muslims who were born in the UK are more likely than
    Muslims born elsewhere to have a degree or equivalent
    qualification at any age. UK-born Muslims under the age of
    30 were almost twice as likely to have degrees as those born
    elsewhere in 2004.

    -- 371,000 school-aged (5 to 16 years old) Muslim children
    were in England in 2001, and by 2008 there were seven
    state-maintained Islamic schools catering to around 2,100
    Muslim children.

    -- One-fifth of Muslims were self-employed n 2004.

    -- 37% of Muslim men and over a quarter of Muslim women were
    working in the distribution, hotel and restaurant industry.

    -- One in seven Muslim men work in the transport and
    communication industry.

    -- Less than a third of Muslim men work in managerial or
    professional occupations, and almost one in ten worked as a
    taxi driver, cab driver or chauffeur in 2004.

    -- Between 16 and 20% of Muslim women work in sales and
    customer service jobs.

    Raw Data: Post's 2008 Religious Freedom Report and NGOs
    --------------------------------------------- ----------

    ¶5. (SBU) The following are excerpted from Post's
    International Religious Freedom Report (IRFR) and reports or
    studies from various Muslim and migration/immigration NGO's.
    Citations are from the IRFR unless otherwise noted.

    -- The Government estimates the number of mosques in the UK
    to be around 1,000.

    -- A May 8, 2008, Religious Trends report states that more
    than 50% of Muslims regularly worship at mosques. (Embassy
    Comment: Religious Trends is a UK think tank that monitors a
    wide array of religious issues. Among other things, the 2008
    report noted that while 43 million UK residents claimed to be
    Christians, less than 3 million (7%) regularly worship in
    churches. End Comment).

    -- The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) reported a decrease in
    prosecutions over the previous reporting period for
    religiously-motivated incidents, with only 29 cases
    classified as religiously-aggravated offenses. Of the 23
    cases in which the victim's religious affiliation is known,
    17 were Muslim.

    -- In 2006, controversy arose after 100 Islamic private
    schools turned out to be "little more than places where the
    Koran is recited," the schools promised to upgrade their
    instruction and they are due for review in 2010.

    -- According to a poll of 600 Muslim and 800 non-Muslim
    students at thirty universities throughout the UK conducted
    by the Centre for Social Cohesion (CSC), as reported ref B,
    32 percent of Muslims on UK campuses believe killing in the
    name of religion is justified, 54 percent wanted a Muslim
    Party to represent their world view in Parliament, and 40
    percent want Muslims in the UK to be under Sharia law. Only
    2 percent of non-Muslims felt killing in the name of religion
    could be justified and none believed it was acceptable for
    Muslims in the UK to have a religious-based party, or to be
    under Sharia law. 73 percent of Muslim students are at least
    occasional participants in Friday services while only 2
    percent of non-Muslim students attend any religious service.
    The poll results also found that 73 percent of Muslim
    students believe it is possible to be both Muslim and British
    and a similar number believe their parents are "much more or
    somewhat more" strict Muslims than they are. In addition
    only six percent believed that people who leave Islam for
    another religion should be "punished according to Sharia law"
    (killed).

    -- According to MWUK, arranged marriages in the Muslim
    community are creating unusually large population growth in
    areas where Muslims predominate, since first-generation
    families tend to have larger numbers of children (based on
    published research and a comparison of the 1991 and 2001
    census). For example, in the eighties the Bradford (city)
    Council estimated that the Muslim population would reach
    130,000 by 2030 and then level off. Now the projection is
    for 130,000 by 2020 and rising. Bradford is a West Yorkshire
    industrial city whose 2001 population of 294,000 included an
    estimated 75,000 Muslims (25%), predominantly of Pakistani
    origin. Bradford has the largest Muslim population in the UK
    outside of London, and no single London borough
    (neighborhood) has as large a Muslim population.

    -- Also according to MWUK, the number of marriageble-age
    Muslims in the South Asian community had jumped from 155,000
    in 1991 to 236,000 in 2001. MWUK claims the majority of
    members of these communities seek spouses from overseas in
    arranged marriages. MWUK claims these figures point to a much
    larger Muslim population than HMG is reporting and is
    projecting. HMG says arranged marriages with South Asian
    partners, "are a normal facet of settlement figures."

    Visit London's Classified Website:
    http://www.intelink.sgov.gov/wiki/Portal:Unit ed_Kingdom

    TUTTLE

`