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### Viewing cable 09SANTIAGO885, LOW LEVEL VIOLENCE CONTINUES IN CHILE'S INDIGENOUS SOUTH

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
09SANTIAGO885 | 2009-10-23 19:07 | 2010-12-13 21:09 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Santiago

`

    VZCZCXYZ0020
    RR RUEHWEB

    DE RUEHSG #0885/01 2961904
    ZNY CCCCC ZZH
    R 231904Z OCT 09
    FM AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 0189
    INFO RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA
    RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 0113
    RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 0110
    RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ OCT MONTEVIDEO 0068
    RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SANTIAGO 000885

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 2019/10/23
    TAGS: PGOV SOCI CI PHUM
    SUBJECT: LOW LEVEL VIOLENCE CONTINUES IN CHILE'S INDIGENOUS SOUTH

    REF: SANTIAGO 826; SANTIAGO 843

    CLASSIFIED BY: Carol Urban, DCM; REASON: 1.4(B), (D)

    ¶1. (C) SUMMARY: Three recent attacks in Chile's Araucania region,
    the heart of indigenous Mapuche territory, have riveted attention
    once again on continuing disputes between indigenous groups and the
    state in southern Chile. The Coordinadora Arauco Malleco (CAM), a
    violent Mapuche group with a history of conducting attacks, claimed
    responsibility for recent incidents against trucks, toll plazas and
    the police. The GOC claims that small criminal groups are
    responsible for the violence and multiple GOC Ministers have
    explained that the recent attacks are not connected to larger
    indigenous issues. While some believe that the election cycle is
    exacerbating the conflict, the violence has yet to emerge as a hot
    button topic in the Presidential campaign and President Bachelet's
    approval rating remains at a record high level. END SUMMARY.

    Violence Continues in the Heart of Mapuche Territory

    --------------------------------------------- -------

    ¶2. (U) The low level conflict in Chile's Araucania region, the
    heart of indigenous Mapuche territory, continues to flare, with
    several violent attacks in October. The most recent clash took
    place on October 20 when a group of seven hooded individuals seized
    two trucks, released the drivers, burned the trucks and exchanged
    gunfire with members of the Carabineros, Chile's uniformed police.
    There are unconfirmed reports that one of the individuals was
    wounded but in hiding. A local radio station identified the
    individual as a 17-year-old youth who was reportedly not involved
    in the attack but hunting in the area when hit by police gunfire.
    Other notable events include an October 12 attack on a toll plaza
    and an October 18 shooting that left two members of Chile's
    investigative police injured. The October violence comes on the
    heels of clashes earlier in the year that included the August 12
    death of a Mapuche activist, the second fatality in the last two
    years (Ref A).

    ¶3. (U) The Coordinadora Arauco Malleco (CAM), a violent group with
    a history of conducting attacks, took responsibility for the recent
    violence in an email message to media outlets on October 20. The
    CAM also declared war on the Government of Chile (GOC) and its
    members renounced their Chilean citizenship.

    GOC: Police Resources are Sufficient, Small Groups of Criminals
    are Responsible

    --------------------------------------------- ------------------

    ¶4. (C) Interior Minister Perez Yoma and Secretary General of the
    Presidency Jose Viera-Gallo convened a meeting of top regional
    officials on October 22 to assess law enforcement efforts. That
    meeting took place after Javiera Blanco, Undersecretary of the
    Carabineros, rejected hints from the Public Prosecutors' office
    that more police forces were needed in the region. Carlos
    Fernandez from the National Intelligence Agency told Poloff October
    21 that officials have an idea of who is behind the attacks and
    hinted that arrests are forthcoming.

    ¶5. (SBU) The GOC has tried to separate the recent attacks from the
    larger issue of indigenous relations. Viera-Gallo, who was named
    coordinator for Indigenous Affairs on August 26, stated that small
    criminal groups are responsible the violence. Undersecretary of
    Interior Patricio Rosende said the attacks have "nothing to do"
    with Mapuche claims. Nevertheless, the GOC invoked a controversial
    anti-terrorism law to prosecute four Mapuche individuals who were
    allegedly involved in the toll plaza attack. The Pinochet-era law
    includes stiffer penalties and restricts the civil liberties of the
    accused during investigation and prosecution. Many human rights
    activists and international observers say that the government's use

    of the law unfairly targets the Mapuche (Ref A).

    "This isn't the Capital of Afghanistan"

    ---------------------------------------

    ¶6. (SBU) The GOC has also come under increased criticism from
    business leaders in the region. The National Agricultural Society
    recently suggested that the rule of law must be re-established in
    the region before the GOC pursues development programs that include
    land buy-back programs for indigenous communities. Viera-Gallo
    flatly rejected the idea that the region is out of control, stating
    that the Arauco province "isn't the capital of Afghanistan." He
    also chastised government critics for "doing a favor" for the
    criminals by exaggerating their capabilities. (Ref B describes how
    this conflict has frequently been sensationalized.)

    ¶7. (SBU) Interestingly, the recent violence has not yet emerged as
    a hot button issue in the upcoming presidential election. The
    three main candidates have discussed issues such as crime and
    citizen security, but there has not been a focus on the violence in
    the Araucania region or indigenous issues. The violence has also
    had no impact on President Bachelet's approval ratings, which
    remain at record-high levels. However, some observers believe that
    the elections are contributing to the recent uptick in violence,
    with the Concertacion government eager to show voters that it is
    taking the problem seriously, and Mapuche activists hoping to
    pressure the government into concessions before December's voting.

    ¶8. (C) COMMENT: Despite the most recent outbreaks of violence,
    Viera-Gallo is correct to assert that the rule of law remains
    intact in the region. While worrying and illegal, the attacks are
    sporadic and clearly target property rather than people. The GOC
    claim that these attacks are perpetrated by small, criminal groups
    may very well be accurate, but that description increases public
    perception that the police should be able to identify and arrest
    those responsible for the attacks. If the violence continues, the
    issue will remain a thorn in the side of the Bachelet
    administration - and perhaps its successor. END COMMENT.
    SIMONS

`